https://www.qbwiki.com/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Matt+Weiner&feedformat=atomQBWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T10:54:36ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.1https://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=VHSL_Scholastic_Bowl&diff=63390VHSL Scholastic Bowl2024-02-24T23:22:49Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* State Championship Results (2014-present Classification System) */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Virginia High School League''' offers a comprehensive program of extracurricular activities including sports and academic contests in Virginia and began offering a Scholastic Bowl title in 1998. The three-class system was in effect through the 2012-2013 year. Beginning in 2013-2014, thanks to the [[2014 VHSL Realignment]], new conferences and a six-class state tournament were implemented.<br />
<br />
==Prior to 1998==<br />
<br />
Quizbowl in Virginia existed in several forms prior to the awarding of a VHSL state championship, including:<br />
*independent weekend tournaments run by high schools and colleges, with [[Spotswood]], [[Thomas Jefferson (VA)]], and [[Virginia Tech]] being among the longest-tenured hosts<br />
*TV tournaments such as [[It's Academic]], [[Battle of the Brains]], [[Tidewater Challenge]], and [[Pop Quiz]]<br />
*leagues and championship tournaments run at the sub-state level by certain VHSL regions - more information on this is desired<br />
<br />
==Structure (1998-2013)==<br />
<br />
From the time of Scholastic Bowl's inception to the end of the 2012-2013 year, the VHSL classified schools into groups [[VHSL_Class_A_(1998-2013)|A]], [[VHSL_Class_AA_(1998-2013)|AA]], and [[VHSL_Class_AAA_(1998-2013)|AAA]] based primarily on school size. Many schools played up or down from where their size would dictate in order to be in the same division as geographically nearby opponents. Both Maggie Walker and Thomas Jefferson were required by rule to play in Group AAA in academic activities regardless of school size. This system was eliminated in the [[2014 VHSL Realignment]].<br />
<br />
Each district produced two teams to send to regionals. 44 of the 46 districts in VHSL participated in Scholastic Bowl.<br />
<br />
Each of the four regional tournaments sent its top two teams to the state championship. The state championship consisted of the top eight teams (in each enrollment class) playing a double-elimination tournament. The state championship was held at [[Charlottesville]] High School in 1998 and at William & Mary from 1999 onwards.<br />
<br />
Performance in Scholastic Bowl and other academic activities sponsored by VHSL (including debate, and forensics) counts towards a school's standing in the Wachovia Cup in Academics, an overall title awarded to the school with the best performance in all non-athletic VHSL events. There is also a Wachovia Cup for Athletics.<br />
<br />
==Structure (2014-2017)==<br />
<br />
Districts were used only for the optional regular season. Postseason play began in Conferences. Conferences each sent two teams to Regionals, and each Regional, of which there were two per class, sent two teams to the state tournament. The state tournament involved each of the six classes playing a four-team, three-game round robin; three-way ties were broken on total points (not played off) under the announced system.<br />
<br />
The new classes were known as [[VHSL Class 6A|6A]], [[VHSL Class 5A|5A]], [[VHSL Class 4A|4A]], [[VHSL Class 3A|3A]], [[VHSL Class 2A|2A]], and [[VHSL Class 1A|1A]]. Magnet schools no longer played up in the highest class for academic competitions, and instead played in the class that their enrollment size dictated.<br />
<br />
In a more minor change, conferences and regions were required to choose from either a round-robin or double-elimination format and could not design their own formats.<br />
<br />
==Structure (2018-)==<br />
The [[2018 VHSL Realignment]] keeps the class system intact except for changing the naming of the classes from using the system of "A"s. For example, 6A will now be called Class 6. Conferences are eliminated and replaced with districts for the regular season. Postseason play will begin at regional tournaments, of which there will now be four per class.<br />
<br />
==Leadership & Questions==<br />
<br />
===1998-2000===<br />
<br />
The tournament was first written and directed by [[Claude Sandy]], a retired Academic Decathlon administrator with no prior connection to quizbowl. Tournaments in his purview were noted for recycling questions and having less than 2 literature questions in an average match, most of which are on repetitive pet topics such as Zane Grey and the fact that Leo Tolstoy held the noble rank of "count."<br />
<br />
===2001-2009===<br />
<br />
In 2001, [[Shawn Pickrell]] took over as Commissioner and chief question writer. He implemented a strategy by which Regionals and States (but not the regular season or Districts) gradually became more [[pyramidal]] and the stated subject distribution of the packets was roughly followed.<br />
<br />
===2010-2017===<br />
<br />
In 2010, Pickrell resigned and [[Fred Campbell]] became the new Commissioner, contracting with [[HSAPQ]] to provide the questions. """<br />
"[[Good quizbowl]]" principles were introduced at all levels of the competition.<br />
<br />
===2018-present===<br />
<br />
In Fall 2017, it was announced that [[NAQT]] would be the new question provider for Scholastic Bowl's regular season, Regionals, Super Regionals, and State tournaments.<br />
<br />
==VHSL Format==<br />
<br />
The format used in VHSL matches consists of a round of fifteen tossups, ten "directed questions" for each team which bounce back, and a concluding phase of fifteen more tossups. Tossups are scored in the normal quizbowl way but lack powermarking. Directed questions are worth 10 points each and function similarly to a single-part bonus, but their reading is not correlated to answering tossups.<br />
<br />
===Origin of the format===<br />
<br />
The format is somewhat based on the format of the Mountain Academic Competition Conference and the Southwest Virginia Academic Conference, two local organizations which ran quizbowl competitions prior to the formation of Scholastic Bowl. The format is not used at any non-Scholastic Bowl events (nearly all independent events in Virginia use standard [[ACF]] format).<br />
<br />
==Eligibility notes==<br />
<br />
State-level VHSL competition is restricted to one team per school, though some district-level Scholastic Bowl tournaments have JV divisions and/or allow B teams.<br />
<br />
The VHSL is not formally limited to public schools and in 2015 voted to allow "non-boarding" private schools to join. In practice, the only known private school currently playing VHSL sports is Liberty Christian Academy in Lynchburg, which as of 2020 has not participated in Scholastic Bowl. Some specialty public schools that are too small to support a full sports program are not members of VHSL.<br />
<br />
The VHSL does not include half-day magnet programs such as [[Mountain Vista]] and requires students in those programs to play sports and activities such as Scholastic Bowl for their home schools, whereas invitational tournaments usually allow these kinds of magnets to participate.<br />
<br />
VHSL has minimum courseload requirements for all sports and activities which, in simplified form, require a "take five/pass five" approach; students must be enrolled in five for-credit courses during the current semester and must have passed five for-credit courses during the prior semester. While this rarely causes issues with Scholastic Bowl participants, there have been cases where local schools allowed 12th graders with near-complete graduation requirements to take fewer than five courses at the school and complete their day on independent study. These students were generally eligible for quizbowl due to being enrolled at the school but were not eligible for Scholastic Bowl due to failing to meet the five-course minimum.<br />
<br />
In the 1990s and 2000s competitive teams such as [[St. Christopher's]], [[Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]], and [[St. Anne's]] were unable to participate in VHSL tournaments or compete for the state title due to the de facto public/private school split. Since at least 2007 the consensus best overall team in Virginia has always been a public school (Thomas Jefferson, Cave Spring, Maggie Walker, or Western Albemarle) though it is possible that some of the private schools could have contended for titles in the VHSL's multi-class system.<br />
<br />
==State Championship Results (1998-2013 Classification System)==<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2| Year<br />
!colspan=2| [[VHSL_Class_AAA_(1998-2013)|Class AAA]]<br />
!colspan=2| [[VHSL_Class_AA_(1998-2013)|Class AA]]<br />
!colspan=2| [[VHSL_Class_A_(1998-2013)|Class A]]<br />
|-<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second Place<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second Place<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second Place<br />
|- <br />
| [[1998 VHSL State Championship|1998]]<br />
| [[1998 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[1998 Lake Braddock|Lake Braddock]]<br />
| [[1998 Western Albemarle|Western Albemarle]]<br />
| [[1998 Blacksburg|Blacksburg]]<br />
| [[1998 Radford|Radford]]<br />
| [[1998 Middlesex|Middlesex]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1999<br />
| [[1999 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[1999 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1999 Blacksburg|Blacksburg]]<br />
| [[1999 Poquoson|Poquoson]]<br />
| [[1999 Radford|Radford]]<br />
| [[1999 West Point|West Point]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[2000 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2000 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2000 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2000 Graham|Graham]]<br />
| [[2000 Buffalo Gap|Buffalo Gap]]<br />
| [[2000 Middlesex|Middlesex]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| [[2001 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2001 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2001 Poquoson|Poquoson]]<br />
| [[2001 Heritage (Lynchburg, VA)|Heritage]]<br />
| [[2001 Radford|Radford]]<br />
| [[2001 Randolph-Henry|Randolph-Henry]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| [[2002 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2002 Albemarle|Albemarle]]<br />
| [[2002 Staunton|Staunton]]<br />
| [[2002 Blacksburg|Blacksburg]]<br />
| [[2002 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
| [[2002 Buffalo Gap|Buffalo Gap]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| [[2003 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2003 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2003 Salem (Salem, VA)|Salem]]<br />
| [[2003 Spotswood|Spotswood]]<br />
| [[2003 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
| [[2003 Middlesex|Middlesex]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| [[2004 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2004 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2004 Staunton|Staunton]]<br />
| [[2004 Loudoun County|Loudoun County]]<br />
| [[2004 Eastern Montgomery|Eastern Montgomery]]<br />
| [[2004 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| [[2005 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2005 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2005 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2005 Spotswood|Spotswood]]<br />
| [[2005 James Monroe|James Monroe]]<br />
| [[2005 Eastern Montgomery|Eastern Montgomery]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| [[2006 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2006 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2006 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2006 Blacksburg|Blacksburg]]<br />
| [[2006 Radford|Radford]]<br />
| [[2006 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| [[2007 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2007 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2007 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2007 Heritage (Lynchburg, VA)|Heritage]]<br />
| [[2007 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
| [[2007 Radford|Radford]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| [[2008 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2008 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2008 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2008 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2008 Radford|Radford]]<br />
| [[2008 West Point|West Point]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| [[2009 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2009 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2009 James Monroe|James Monroe]]<br />
| [[2009 Heritage|Heritage]]<br />
| [[2009 Rappahannock County|Rappahannock Co.]]<br />
| [[2009 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| [[2010 Maggie Walker |Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2010 Thomas Jefferson (VA) |Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2010 Blacksburg |Blacksburg]]<br />
| [[2010 New Kent |New Kent]]<br />
| [[2010 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
| [[2010 Honaker |Honaker]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[2011 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2011 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2011 Christiansburg|Christiansburg]]<br />
| [[2011 Western Albemarle|Western Albemarle]]<br />
| [[2011 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
| [[2011 Nandua|Nandua]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| [[2012 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2012 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2012 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2012 Christiansburg|Christiansburg]]<br />
| [[2012 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
| [[2012 Honaker|Honaker]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| [[2013 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2013 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2013 New Kent|New Kent]]<br />
| [[2013 Western Albemarle|Western Albemarle]]<br />
| [[2013 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
| [[2013 Honaker|Honaker]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Notes on names:<br />
<br />
*T. C. Williams changed its name to Alexandria City High School in 2021.<br />
<br />
*Prior to 2002, the school that is now Maggie Walker participated in VHSL sports and activities on a combined team with Thomas Jefferson High School in Richmond; to avoid confusion with the Thomas Jefferson in Alexandria which appears several times in the above table, the Maggie Walker name is intentionally being used here anachronistically.<br />
<br />
*Robert E. Lee changed its name to Staunton High School in 2020.<br />
<br />
*George Mason changed its name to Meridian High School in 2021.<br />
<br />
*Stonewall Jackson changed its name to Unity Reed High School in 2020.<br />
<br />
==State Championship Results (2014-present Classification System)==<br />
<br />
Note: Classes were renamed in 2018; "Class 6A" became "Class 6," etc. Other than normal year-to-year realignment based on school size fluctuations, the only other change to the structure of the postseason series occurred at the lower levels. Since the state championship tournament format and class structure did not change, results from before and after 2018 are combined in one table.<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2 | Year<br />
!colspan=2 | [[VHSL Class 6|Class 6]]<br />
!colspan=2 | [[VHSL Class 5|Class 5]]<br />
!colspan=2 | [[VHSL Class 4|Class 4]]<br />
!colspan=2 | [[VHSL Class 3|Class 3]]<br />
!colspan=2 | [[VHSL Class 2|Class 2]]<br />
!colspan=2 | [[VHSL Class 1|Class 1]]<br />
|-<br />
! Champion<br />
! Runner-up<br />
! Champion<br />
! Runner-up<br />
! Champion<br />
! Runner-up<br />
! Champion<br />
! Runner-up<br />
! Champion<br />
! Runner-up<br />
! Champion<br />
! Runner-up<br />
|- <br />
| [[2014 VHSL State Championship|2014]]<br />
| [[2014 Langley|Langley]]<br />
| [[2014 Unity Reed|Unity Reed]]<br />
| [[2014 Albemarle|Albemarle]]<br />
| [[2014 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2014 Loudoun County|Loudoun County]]<br />
| [[2014 Woodgrove|Woodgrove]]<br />
| [[2014 Western Albemarle|Western Albemarle]]<br />
| [[2014 Blacksburg|Blacksburg]]<br />
| [[2014 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2014 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
| [[2014 Honaker|Honaker]]<br />
| [[2014 Mathews|Mathews]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2015 VHSL State Championship|2015]]<br />
| [[2015 Langley|Langley]]<br />
| [[2015 Western Branch|Western Branch]]<br />
| [[2015 Albemarle|Albemarle]]<br />
| [[2015 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2015 Woodgrove|Woodgrove]]<br />
| [[2015 Loudoun County|Loudoun County]]<br />
| [[2015 Western Albemarle|Western Albemarle]]<br />
| [[2015 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2015 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2015 Meridian|Meridian]]<br />
| [[2015 Rappahannock County|Rappahannock Co.]]<br />
| [[2015 Radford|Radford]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 VHSL State Championship|2016]]<br />
| [[2016 Langley|Langley]]<br />
| [[2016 W.T. Woodson|W.T. Woodson]]<br />
| [[2016 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2016 Princess Anne|Princess Anne]]<br />
| [[2016 Fauquier|Fauquier]]<br />
| [[2016 Sherando|Sherando]]<br />
| [[2016 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2016 Culpeper County|Culpeper County]]<br />
| [[2016 Central (VA)|Central-Wise]]<br />
| [[2016 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2016 Honaker|Honaker]]<br />
| [[2016 Riverheads|Riverheads]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 VHSL State Championship|2017]]<br />
| [[2017 Robinson (VA)|Robinson]]<br />
| [[2017 McLean|McLean]]<br />
| [[2017 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2017 Princess Anne|Princess Anne]]<br />
| [[2017 Loudoun County|Loudoun County]]<br />
| [[2017 Sherando|Sherando]]<br />
| [[2017 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2017 Blacksburg|Blacksburg]]<br />
| [[2017 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2017 Central (VA)|Central-Wise]]<br />
| [[2017 Honaker|Honaker]]<br />
| [[2017 Galileo Magnet|Galileo Magnet]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2018 2018 VHSL State Championship|2018]]<br />
| [[2018 Robinson (VA)|Robinson]]<br />
| [[2018 McLean|McLean]]<br />
| [[2018 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2018 Princess Anne|Princess Anne]]<br />
| [[2018 Jamestown|Jamestown]]<br />
| [[2018 Jefferson Forest|Jefferson Forest]]<br />
| [[2018 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2018 Western Albemarle|Western Albemarle]]<br />
| [[2018 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2018 Central (VA)|Central-Wise]]<br />
| [[2018 Galileo Magnet|Galileo Magnet]]<br />
| [[2018 Honaker|Honaker]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2019 VHSL State Championship|2019]]<br />
| [[2019 Alexandria City|Alexandria City]]<br />
| [[2019 Robinson (VA)|Robinson]]<br />
| [[2019 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2019 Douglas Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[2019 Jamestown|Jamestown]]<br />
| [[2019 Woodgrove|Woodgrove]]<br />
| [[2019 Rockbridge County|Rockbridge County]]<br />
| [[2019 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2019 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2019 Clarke County|Clarke County]]<br />
| [[2019 Honaker|Honaker]]<br />
| [[2019 George Wythe|George Wythe]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2020 VHSL State Championship|2020]]<br />
| [[2020 McLean|McLean]]<br />
| [[2020 Robinson (VA)|Robinson]]<br />
| [[2020 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2020 Princess Anne|Princess Anne]]<br />
| [[2020 Jamestown|Jamestown]]<br />
| [[2020 Blacksburg|Blacksburg]]<br />
| [[2020 Fort Defiance|Fort Defiance]]<br />
| [[2020 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2020 Clarke County|Clarke County]]<br />
| [[2020 Gate City|Gate City]]<br />
| [[2020 George Wythe|George Wythe]]<br />
| [[2020 Rappahannock County|Rappahannock Co.]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2021 VHSL State Championship|2021]]<br />
| [[2021 Robinson (VA)|Robinson]]<br />
| [[2021 John Champe|John Champe]]<br />
| [[2021 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2021 Harrisonburg|Harrisonburg]]<br />
| [[2021 Grafton|Grafton]]<br />
| [[2021 Jefferson Forest|Jefferson Forest]]<br />
| [[2021 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2021 Fort Defiance|Fort Defiance]]<br />
| [[2021 Gate City|Gate City]]<br />
| [[2021 Radford|Radford]]<br />
| [[2021 George Wythe|George Wythe]]<br />
| [[2021 Galileo Magnet|Galileo Magnet]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 VHSL State Championship|2022]]<br />
| [[2022 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2022 McLean|McLean]]<br />
| [[2022 Douglas Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[2022 Princess Anne|Princess Anne]]<br />
| [[2022 Lightridge|Lightridge]]<br />
| [[2022 Jamestown|Jamestown]]<br />
| [[2022 Rockbridge County| Rockbridge County]]<br />
| [[2022 Hidden Valley|Hidden Valley]]<br />
| [[2022 Radford|Radford]]<br />
| [[2022 Buckingham County|Buckingham County]]<br />
| [[2022 George Wythe|George Wythe]]<br />
| [[2022 Galileo Magnet|Galileo Magnet]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 VHSL State Championship|2023]]<br />
| [[2023 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2023 McLean|McLean]]<br />
| [[2023 Princess Anne|Princess Anne]]<br />
| [[2023 Albemarle|Albemarle]]<br />
| [[2023 Lightridge|Lightridge]]<br />
| [[2023 Great Bridge|Great Bridge]]<br />
| [[2023 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2023 Fort Defiance|Fort Defiance]]<br />
| [[2023 Buckingham County|Buckingham County]]<br />
| [[2023 Richlands|Richlands]]<br />
| [[2023 George Wythe|George Wythe]]<br />
| [[2023 Galileo Magnet|Galileo Magnet]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2024 VHSL State Championship|2024]]<br />
| [[2024 McLean|McLean]]<br />
| [[2024 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2024 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2024 Lightridge|Lightridge]]<br />
| [[2024 Blacksburg|Blacksburg]]<br />
| [[2024 John Champe|John Champe]]<br />
| [[2024 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2024 Rockbridge|Rockbridge]]<br />
| [[2024 Ridgeview|Ridgeview]]<br />
| [[2024 Poquoson|Poquoson]]<br />
| [[2024 John I. Burton|John I. Burton]]<br />
| [[2024 George Wythe|George Wythe]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
* [http://www.vhsl.org/activities.scholastic-bowl VHSL Scholastic Bowl Homepage]<br />
* [https://www.facebook.com/VHSLschobo/?fref=ts VHSL Scholastic Bowl on Facebook]<br />
* [https://twitter.com/VHSL_activities VHSL Activities on Twitter]<br />
<br />
[[Category:High school tournaments]]<br />
[[Category:High school quizbowl in Virginia]]<br />
[[Category:State championships]]<br />
[[Category:High school formats]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]<br />
[[Category:HSAPQ]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=NC_State&diff=63334NC State2024-02-17T19:12:58Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Collegebox|College Name = North Carolina State University<br />
|Image = NCState.jpg<br />
|citystate = Raleigh, NC<br />
|president = Melvin Orichi Socana<br />
|nats = [[1988 College Bowl Nationals|1988 College Bowl]]<br />
| }}<br />
'''North Carolina State University''' is a public university located in Raleigh, North Carolina. A team from NC State won the [[1988 College Bowl Nationals]] tournament and three years later continued their success by placing fourth at the inaugural [[1991 ACF Nationals|ACF Nationals]] in 1991. The team has been intermittently active since then, including playing regular college tournaments as recently as February 2024.<br />
<br />
NC State is notorious for being erroneously reported as a nonexistent program, including someone on the quizbowl Reddit claiming their club did not exist less than a week after they had played an invitational tournament in 2020, and an old version of this page claiming the team played no tournaments between 1991 and 2016 despite them appearing in publicly available statistics from events held in 2004, 2006, 2010, 2011, and 2015.<br />
<br />
{{Succession_box|Tournament = [[College Bowl Nationals]]<br />
|year = [[1988 College Bowl Nationals|1988]]<br />
|previous = [[1987 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
|next = [[1989 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| }}<br />
<br />
[[Category: College clubs]]<br />
[[Category: NC State]]<br />
[[Category: Programs that have won College Bowl Nationals]]<br />
[[Category:Stubs]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Jeopardy!&diff=62867Jeopardy!2024-01-06T15:34:02Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''''Jeopardy!''''' is an American game show that is frequently compared to [[quizbowl]] due to a passing similarity in question content and a similar [[buzzer]]-based format ("Quiz bowl is like Jeopardy! with teams"). However, it does not have [[pyramidal]] questions and in fact players can only answer at the end of a question (this rule was introduced in season 2 of the current show; in former editions and in the first Alex Trebek season, interruption was allowed). The format is additionally well-known for employing the [[Weiner's laws|cute]] rule that players must give their answer in the form of a question ("What is quiz bowl?").<br />
<br />
Many quiz bowlers have participated in Jeopardy! to varying degrees of success. The higher concentration of academic content than the average game show makes it one of the better game shows for people with quiz bowl knowledge, and a large number of past champions have been affiliated with quiz bowl; the most notable of these include [[Ken Jennings]], [[Matt Jackson]], [[David Madden]], and [[Larissa Kelly]].<br />
<br />
For more information about the game, please view its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeopardy! Wikipedia page].<br />
<br />
==Quizbowlers on Jeopardy!==<br />
Several former and current quizbowlers have appeared on Jeopardy. Here is a non-exhaustive list (note that this only includes regular-season play and non-Tournament of Champions tournaments):<br />
<br />
{{Jeopardy! table start}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Aaron Lichtig|2019|1|winnings=14,401|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Aaron Schroeder|2008|5|winnings=127,902|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Adam Pinson|2005 (College)|3|winnings=50,000|1st Runner-up in 2005 College Tournament. Lost to Nico Martinez.}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Aidan Mehigan|2009 (Teen)|3|winnings=15,000|Finished 3rd in the 2009 Teen Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Alex Damisch|2019|3|winnings=33,549|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Alex Nutman|2004 (Kids Week)|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Alistair Gray|2020 (College)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Allison Holley|2017 (College)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Andy Watkins|2006 (Teen)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Anurag Kashyap|2009 (Teen)|4|winnings=75,000|Won the 2009 Teen Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Arthur Chu|2014|11|winnings=297,200|loss=1|info=Subject of the [https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=293796#p293796 Fundome post].}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Asim Modi|2016|1|winnings=10,399|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Ben Schenkel|2007 (Teen)|3|winnings=42,800|1st runner-up in 2007 Teen Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Ben Zhang|2019|loss=2|info=Lost immediately before the first game of Alex Damisch}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Bonny Jain|2009 (Teen)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Brad Rutter|2000|5|winnings=55,102|[[Chip Beall|Chip]] partisan}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Bronson Messer|2003|3|winnings=29,599|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Bruce Lin|2006|3|winnings=54,599|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Bruce Lou|2020|1|winnings=13,245|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Brian Weikle|2003|5|winnings=149,200|Set numerous records, many of which were broken by Ken Jennings}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Bryce Hwang|2021|2|winnings=68,600|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Casey Retterer|2004 (College)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Catherine Hardee|2014|4|winnings=95,201|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Cerulean Ozarow|2014 (Kids Week)|winnings=25,158}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Chauncey Lo|2021|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Chip Beall|1985|3|info=Based on information from the alt.college.college-bowl group [https://groups.google.com/g/alt.college.college-bowl/c/ivn051plF40?pli=1]}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Chris Borglum|1997|info=Won a set of Hammerman rings}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Cliff Galiher|2007 (College)|3|winnings=100,000|Won 2007 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Colby Burnett|2012 (Teachers)|4|winnings=100,000|Won the inaugural Teachers Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Craig Barker|1997 (College)|3|winnings=25,000|Won the 1997 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Dan Suzman|2004|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Daniel M. Maggin|2008|loss=1|info=Lost to Larissa Kelly}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Danny Vopava|2010 (College)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|David Frazee|2003|1|winnings=24,800|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|David Madden|2005|19|winnings=430,400|loss=2|Creator of [[NHBB]]}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Eliza Urban|2007 (Teen)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Emily Bingham|2016 (College)|1|winnings=10,000|Lost to Sam Deutsch}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Emily LaMonica|2016 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Emily Moore|2008|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Emily Sun|2016 (College)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Emily Thorlsey|2008|1|winnings=29,800|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Eok Ngo|2003|loss=0}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Eric Hillemann|2000|1|winnings=20,700}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Eric Huff|2002|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Frank Firke|2007 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Gabe Brison-Trezise|2019|1|winnings=22,400|loss=2|Ended the 20-game streak of Jason Zuffranieri}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Gabriel Johnson|2009 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Greg Peterson|2007 (Summer Teen)|3|winnings=38,600|1st Runner-up in 2007 Summer Teen Tournament - lost to Meryl Federman by $1 across two days of play}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Guy Jordan|2003|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Guy Tabachnick|2004 (Kids Week)|1|winnings=25,599}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Heidi Liu|2007 (Teen)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Henry Baer|2020|2|winnings=61,400|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Idress Kahloon|2011 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jack Izzo|2018 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|James Quintong|2005|1|winnings=4,001|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jan Zasowski|2011|2|winnings=46,601|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jason Flowers|2003|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jason Lai|2019|loss=2|info=Lost to James Holzhauer}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jason Thweatt|2008|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jayne Lady|2015|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jeff Hoppes|2004|loss=2|info=Lost to Ken Jennings}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jeff Stewart|1994 (College)|4|winnings=25,000|Won the 1994 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jeff Xie|2014 (Teen)|4|winnings=75,000|Won 2014 Teen Tournament, defeating [[William Golden]] along the way}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jeremy Rasmussen|2007|winnings=28,001|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jerry Vinokurov|2016|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jimmy Li|2005 (Teen)|winnings=5,000|info=Almost literally unfindable on J! Archive due to a poorly tuned search box}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Jordan Boyd-Graber|2018|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Josiah Takang|2014 (Teen)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Josh Levy|1999 (College)|3|winnings=12,295|2nd Runner-up in 1999 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Julia Lee|2016|1|winnings=6,599|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Juliet Mayer|2021|2|winnings=53,200|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Ken Jennings|2004|74|winnings=2,522,700|loss=2|NAQT member}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Kermin Fleming|2004 (College)|4|winnings=100,000|Won 2004 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Kristin Sausville|2015|5|winnings=94,201|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Kriti Gandhi|2007 (Summer Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Lily Wang|2004 (College)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Lloyd Sy|2023|2|winnings=53,578|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Lenzy Krehbiel-Burton|2007|1|winnings=10,300|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Kunle Demuren|2002 (Back to School)|winnings=49,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Larissa Kelly|2008|6|winnings=222,597|loss=1|Held the regular season winnings record for a female champion and was first to win more than 5 games}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Leo Wolpert|2004|info=Lost to Ken Jennings. Still extraordinarily bitter about the whole thing.}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Markus Iturriaga|2010|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Matt Jackson|2015|13|winnings=411,612|loss=2|Currently the 4th highest earning player with the 4th most regular season wins}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|McKinnie Sizemore|2016|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Michael Bilow|2015|3|winnings=96,000|loss=1|4th-highest single-day score ($57,198) at time of playing}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Michael Borecki|2016 (Teen)|3|winnings=25,000|2nd Runner-up in 2016 Teen Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Michael Braun|2005 (Teen)|4|winnings=75,000|Won the 2005 Teen Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Michael Falk|2006|3|winnings=59,403|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Mehrun Etebari|2007|5|winnings=128,100|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Meredith Johnson|2008 (College)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Meryl Federman|2007 (Summer Teen)|2|winnings=75,000|Won the 2007 Summer Teen Tournament, beating Greg Peterson}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Mohan Malhotra|2017 (College)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Morgan Saxby|2010|3|winnings=66,401|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Naren Tallapragada|2008 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Nathan Murphy|2009|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Nibir Sarma|2020 (College)|4|winnings=100,000|Won 2020 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Nick Wawrykow|2018|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Nico Martinez|2005 (College)|4|winnings=100,000|Won the 2005 College Tournament. Beat Adam Pinson.}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Niki Peters|2016 (College)|3|winnings=50,000|1st Runner-up at 2016 College Tournament. Memorably retweeted all her haters during the tournament.}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Oishee Shemontee|2020|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Pam Mueller|2000 (College)|4|winnings=50,000|Won the 2000 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Papa Chakravarthy|2006 (Teen)|4|winnings=75,000|Won the 2006 Teen Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Philip Huang|2005|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Rachel Horn|2008 (Teen)|4|winnings=75,000|Won 2008 Teen Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Raj Dhuwalia|2002|1|winnings=21,200|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Raynell Cooper|2011 (Teen)|4|winnings=75,000|Won the 2011 Teen Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Ray Sun|2006|1|winnings=28,801|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Rebecca Golden|2015|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Rebecca Maxfield|2010 (College)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Rebecca Rosenthal|2018 (College)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Richard Mason|2002|2|winnings=50,600|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Roger Craig|2010|6|winnings=230,200|loss=1|Held the single-day cash winnings record until it was broken by James Holzhauer}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Rose Curtin|2019|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Ryan Bilger|2019|4|winnings=107,049|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Ryan McClarren|2004|info=Lost to Ken Jennings.}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Ryan Stander|2010|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|S. R. Sidarth|2009|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Sam Deutsch|2016 (College)|4|winnings=100,000|Won 2016 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Samantha Ross|2007|1|winnings=14,000|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Sameer Rai|2019|loss=2|info=Lost to James Holzhauer by $98,113 as he broke Roger Craig's single-day scoring record}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Sara Garnet|2013|3|winnings=75,403|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Sharath Narayan|2016 (Teen)|4|winnings=100,000|Won 2016 Teen Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Shawn Askew|1997|1|winnings=12,800}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Sherman Lo|2006|2|winnings=35,201|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Sid Chandrasekhar|2010 (College)|1|winnings=10,000|Won a Nintendo Wii and the Wii ''Jeopardy!'' game.}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Siddharth Hariharan|2016|2|winnings=28,135|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Stan Jastrzebski|2017|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Steve Kaplan|2005|1|winnings=18,400|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Surya Sabhapathy|2010 (College)|2|winnings=26,000|2nd Runner-up at 2010 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Susan Ferrari|2007|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Susan Mitchell|2007|4|winnings=67,100|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Tanay Kothari|2021|1|winnings=26,800|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Ted Stratton|2005|2|winnings=30,399|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Tim Cho|2018 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Todd Faulkenberry|2008 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Tori Amos|2013 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Trey Morris|2002|loss=1}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Tyler Johnson|2017|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Victoria Groce|2005|1|winnings=22,801|loss=1|Defeated [[David Madden]]}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Vinita Kailasanath|2001 (College)|info=Won 2001 College Tournament}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Vik Vaz|2005|3|winnings=72,002|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|William Golden|2014 (Teen)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Willy Jay|2005|loss=1|info=Lost to Dave Madden.}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Xiaoke Ying|2020 (College)|3|winnings=25,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Yevgeny Shrago|2010|1|winnings=24,600|loss=2}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Zach Atwell|2017 (College)|winnings=5,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! row|Ziad Ali|2016 (College)|1|winnings=10,000}}<br />
{{Jeopardy! table end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Quizbowl TV shows]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Buzzer&diff=62677Buzzer2023-12-21T01:21:15Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Intro}}<br />
<br />
[[File:JudgeBuzzer.jpeg|thumb|The Judge]]<br />
<br />
'''Buzzer system''', '''buzzer''', and '''lockout system''' are the common names for the device used to indicate which player has signaled their desire to answer a question first. Such systems are necessary for all standard quizbowl games because they make it clear which player was the first to attempt to answer a question.<br />
<br />
While using a buzzer system, players '''buzz''' to answer a question. Other players are prevented from buzzing ("locked out") after one player has buzzed until the system is [[cleared|reset]].<br />
<br />
A buzzer system consists of a control unit that sits near the moderator, which connects to individual buttons or paddles held by each player. When a player buzzes in, the system produces a sound and activates a light indicating which player buzzed. Many more expensive systems have individual lights next to each player, while most lower-priced systems have smaller lights or light only on the control unit.<br />
<br />
Almost all [[tournament]]s require some number of teams to bring buzzers in order to have enough to run the tournament properly; for this reason, [[Tournament director]]s usually offer a discount to teams that bring a buzzer. When too few buzzers are present, teams must play [[slapbowl]], where buzzing is indicated by slapping the desk or saying something like "buzz." This is no longer common in the vast majority of modern quizbowl tournaments.<br />
<br />
Online tournaments typically use an online buzzer system like [[Buzzin.live]], which functions for players in much the same way as an in-person buzzer. It is possible to use USB buzzers attached to players' computers as the activator for online buzzers, though this is not necessary and generally either a mouse or a phone touchscreen is used. While physical buzzers may use pure electronic hardware logic to determine who has buzzed first, online systems used in serious tournament play must account for varying Internet speed/lag through various approaches, in order to actually determine who has buzzed first in real time rather than who has the best connection to the server.<br />
<br />
==History of Quizbowl Buzzers==<br />
The earliest quizbowl-style competitions appeared to use either a system of hand-raising (sometimes with other officials activating a buzzer after seeing a hand raised) or shouting the answer before the other team. The [[College Bowl]] TV show implemented a buzzer system as part of its studio set, but [https://web.archive.org/web/20120531092825/https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~quizbowl/newsletters/ACF_Newsletter_9-3.txt portable buzzers took longer to emerge]. The [[Berry]] College team in 1971 created a home-made portable buzzer system while a patent for a portable buzzer system was filed in 1972. Previous "lockout" buzzer systems had been used by [[Bible Bowl]] as early as the 1950s, but they were apparently not very portable. [[John P. Reynolds]] of Dayton, OH, who was likely affiliated with Bible Bowl, is the inventor of the buzzer system under the most straightforward interpretation of the concepts of "inventor" and "buzzer system."<br />
<br />
To be usable in quizbowl, buzzer systems now have some kind of light that indicates who buzzed in first, as well as a sound that alerts the reader to stop reading the question and look for the light. Some older buzzer systems used a mechanical bell or other physical device instead of making a "buzz" sound. All currently manufactured systems play an electronically synthesized tone of some kind, with the QuikPro being closest to an onomatopoeiac "buzz" sound. Most current systems use two or more tones of different pitches and/or lengths, so that which of the teams has buzzed can be determined by sound alone before searching for the individual player using the lights.<br />
<br />
[[File:Bible bowl schematic.png|200px|thumb|center|Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl]] [[File:Bible bowl schematic 2.png|200px|thumb|center|Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl (back)]]<br />
<br />
Instructions on building a modern computerized buzzer set using a printed circuit board may be found [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1719&context=physics_facpub here.] This document is from 1996 but presumably all fully electronic buzzers work basically the same way.<br />
<br />
==Choosing a buzzer system (2019 Em Gunter post)==<br />
<br />
There are many things to take into consideration when deciding which buzzer system to purchase including price, durability, portability, and other factors. Below is a brief overview of [[Em Gunter]]'s [https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 guide to choosing a buzzer system] on the [[hsquizbowl.org forums]]. This covers 4 of the most commonly seen systems that can still be purchased as of March 2020 (thus leaving out [[The Judge]], which appears to be unavailable for purchase anymore, but which due to its near-indestructibility remains present on many circuits).<br />
<br />
===[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzers]: [$265-$290]===<br />
<br />
Anderson buzzers come in two versions: daisy-chained boxes and individual hand-held indicators. purchasing the daisy-chained version is suggested due to their ease of use and high durability. When disassembled these buzzers only have 4 parts making it nearly impossible to accidentally leave part of the system lying around. The control unit is a simple box and each strip of buzzers connects on either side of the unit. These buzzers are extremely durable and are only known to fail in cases of extreme negligence. Andersons are the cheapest and most reliable buzzers that can be purchased and are often recommended over any other system. In general, it is a much better idea to purchase two sets of Andersons rather than a single set of QuikPros or Zeecrafts due to the far superior build of the Andersons. The one downside, however, to Andersons is that the AC adapter for the system is extremely short so purchasing an extension cord is highly suggested.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com Buzzers]: [~$299]===<br />
<br />
The buzzers from BuzzerSystems.com feature a control unit with individual activators contained within boxes that connect to the control unit by audio cables. The control unit features a reset button and 16 ports to allow the support of up to 16 players which is higher than any other commonly found system. Set up of this system is slightly more complicated than the Andersons because you have to plug a cable into each individual activator and a port on the control unit. Players who enjoy holding their activator but are seeking a higher quality or cheaper set will most likely prefer this set over Andersons. The main downside to this system is the quality of the cables that come with the set when you purchase it. When purchasing this system it is recommended that you additionally invest in a set of replacement cables that can be found at Amazon or a local electronics retailer.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ QuikPro Buzzers]: [$289-$489]===<br />
<br />
QuikPro buzzers come in two general types. You either have hand-held activators directly connected to the control unit from a single connection or individual lights with hand-held activators attached. The version with hand-held activators but not lights are generally far more reliable than the version with individual lights. QuikPro buzzers use cables similar to those used for home telephones and the connectors are often prone to snapping. The reset button on QuikPro buzzers can often fail due to poor wiring and may require the splicing of new wire in for continued functionality. The set up of this system is fairly simple but there are many cords that can easily get tangled or damaged which can increase set up and tear down time significantly compared to other systems. <br />
<br />
===[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Buzzers]: [$465-$730]===<br />
<br />
These are by far the most expensive buzzers you can buy and while they look extremely nice they don't hold up very well. Many people have experience with these sets as they commonly show up at various national championship tournaments. Zeecraft systems have 8 individual lights with individual hand-held activators. The individual lights themselves are extremely fragile and will crack or pop off if they fall on the ground or jostle inside the case. The buzzers connect to the control unit using telephone cables and the clips on these tend to snap off quite easily. The craftmanship of Zeecraft buzzers is inferior to that of other systems. The soldering is often messy and these systems fail significantly sooner than other systems available for purchase. Additionally, Zeecrafts are incredibly time-consuming to set up and take even longer to put away due to the barely-big-enough case designed for the system. Taking into account the very high cost and lack of durability it is suggested that you stay away from Zeecraft buzzers for individual team use.<br />
<br />
==Model-specific information==<br />
<br />
This table is intended to aggregate information about all models of buzzer that are usable for ordinary NAQT/ACF-style quizbowl, including those that are no longer manufactured. Systems that may be suitable only for Knowledge Bowl or other peripheral formats will be added in the future.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! Manufacturer<br />
! Model<br />
! Still being made as of 2022?<br />
! Lowest cost for usable system<ref>Lowest possible cost, excluding shipping and carrying case, for a new system in the model line that can currently be ordered from the manufacturer's website and meets [https://www.naqt.com/nationals/buzzer-discount-policy.html NAQT's definition] of an acceptable buzzer. Higher-priced variants with more features (e.g. additional player activators or a different style of activator), or lower-priced systems that are not usable for ordinary quizbowl (e.g. because they have fewer than eight activators), or usable lower-priced models that are no longer offered as new products and can only be acquired secondhand, may also be available. Information was researched and current as of 12/20/22.</ref><br />
! Advantages<br />
! Disadvantages<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Combo Quik Pro<br />
|Yes<br />
|$395<br />
|This newer system is a good balance of the Quik Pro's benefits with innovations to make it more compact and less fragile. The individual activators have a button set in the middle of a light and are permanently hardwired together; the only thing to plug in is one connector per team. The whole system fits in a shoebox and is only a few inches larger than the miniaturized Anderson system so it's one of the most portable. All Quik Pro models except the Basic have a small timer mounted to the system - this can be used for various game timing functions though it is not visible to the players like the Zeecraft timers are.<br />
| Because each team side is permanently hardwired, the individual activators are not modular; if you have an 8-player system and one activator fails then there is no way to "switch it out" and the whole thing has to be sent in for repair. However, the system seems to be fairly durable and may not have this issue often. The only connector in the system is the unusual Quik Pro data port, so there's no off-the-shelf extension available like there is for phone/Ethernet/RCA style cords; conversely, when the connectors are long enough to accommodate a medium-sized classroom, it's recommended to tape them down to the floor to avoid tripping hazards. Repairs for Quik Pro systems tend to be expensive in comparison to other manufacturers.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Basic<br />
|Yes<br />
|$289<br />
|Good loud buzzing sound, affordable cost, extremely compact and easy to set up (just plug it into the wall and you're done).<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$489<br />
|"Siren" style lights are the most visible available and are good for larger rooms or for formats that require recognizing by buzzer color. They are easily recognized as a "buzzer system" even when not plugged in and are a good eye-catching aid in recruitment environments such as activities fairs. Timer included.<br />
|Plastic on sirens cracks fairly easily, especially if you're trying to balance the whole system on a classroom desk where it will inevitably fall off. Recommend using some velcro/tape to secure the components to the desk surface to try to avoid this happening too often. RJ11 connectors have the usual issues (perhaps even more so since unlike the Zeecraft the connector end goes into the individual buzzer rather than the control unit and will be moving around constantly) so be prepared to perform maintenance.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$518<br />
|Strobe may be a good solution for improving visibility in very large rooms. Timer included.<br />
|Same as the Deluxe.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Elite<br />
|Yes<br />
|$448<br />
|By far the simplest and most compact system for accommodating more than 10 players, e.g. at large practices or in certain "Bee" formats. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Handheld/Handpad<br />
|Yes<br />
|$320<br />
|Probably the best connector style for detachable handheld activators - they don't tend to fall out like the NEDs or break like the Zeecraft/QuikPros. Available in cylinder button or "slap-pad" styles. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Tabletop<br />
|Yes<br />
|$290<br />
|Generally considered one of the best values for a new buzzer - despite the issues mentioned here you can usually get a few years out of it before sending it in for a cheap repair. Very appealing when looking at long-term cost of ownership. Variable volume control. Since 2020 or so this system has been offered in a miniaturized version that's easier to transport and so far seems to have fewer of the maintenance issues. Anderson has a good reputation for effective customer service & affordable repairs when needed. The cords from the first buzzer in each team chain to the control unit are fairly long and work for almost any room setup without worrying about purchasing extensions.<br />
|Hard-wired connections on both sides of 8 out of 10 activators mean there is no way to pack the system without stressing and, sooner or later, breaking the wires. Reset button can stick. LEDs on activators will often sink into the unit, though this is fairly easy to repair. Power pack is fragile and is subject to the wire breaking/fraying or the pack simply ceasing to work after a period of time. A lot of players have an annoying habit of covering the light on these systems when they buzz, so you will need to remind people not to do that.<br />
|-<br />
|Boling<ref>This company appears to still be in business but their website is non-secure so the link is not included at this time.</ref><br />
|Funbuzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$445<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://edapi.com/genius-game/?lang=en Edapi]<br />
|Genius Game<br />
|Yes<br />
|~$365<ref>This is a Quebec-based company which lists prices on its website in Canadian dollars. As of December 2022 the base price is CAD$495 which is US$364. Exchange rates vary over time and additional charges related to shipping or customs when ordering from the U.S. may apply.</ref><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|10-Player Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$360<br />
|Of the major manufacturers, NED systems are probably the most historically reliable in terms of need for repair per hour of use, and they tend to accumulate less visible wear and tear over time than similarly priced systems.<br />
|The RCA-style connectors used in these systems are imperfect and are too easily yanked out by normal movement or loosened over time. Securing the connections with additional tape etc. is recommended if feasible for your use conditions. This model doesn't have lights in front of the players.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|High-Visibility Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$559<br />
|Same as other NED systems plus larger individual desktop lights.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$645<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|The handheld activators that go to the desktop units have the same issue as other NED systems with RCA connectors. The other connectors in this system are eight-pin style similar to Anderson connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Team-Box Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$475<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player). Same issue with RCA connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Traditional Buzzer System – BASIC<br />
|Yes<br />
|$339<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Who's Next? Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$399<br />
|Offers a functionality for determining who buzzed second, third, etc that can be switched on or off as desired.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|A/G Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$465<br />
|Quiz Equipment activators are all modular and are available in various form factors including slap-pads and handheld cylinders.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Basic Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$305<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Quizbowl Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$436<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|World Bible Quiz system<br />
|Yes<br />
|$535<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[http://quizsystems.com/products.htm QuizSystems]<br />
|QS2000A<br />
|Yes<br />
|$260<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://rolls.com/product/GS76RL Rolls]<br />
|GS76RL Game Show Controller<br />
|?<br />
|Lists for $189 new though currently sold out, not sure if more are being manufactured<br />
|Compact but still has individual lights<br />
|The reset button does not clear the system if someone is holding down one of the activator buttons<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.trebisky.com/product-page/trebisky-game-show-buzzer-standalone-system-w-led-light-buttons-8-player Trebisky]<br />
|Game Show Buzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$90<br />
|The lowest-priced new system, and is sold through Amazon so has lots of payment options.<br />
| ''Extremely'' fragile system using very cheap components that is likely to arrive with at least one activator already broken. There is no way that this system will stand up to the ordinary wear and tear of travel or game use. The system as designed theoretically meets tournament usability requirements, but in reality is probably not suited for actual quizbowl team needs and is better used for non-quizbowl classroom or entertainment applications.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://tripleqquestions.com/product/8-player-sho-me-smart-light-buzzer-system/ Triple-Q/Sho-Me]<br />
|Smart Light<br />
|Yes<br />
|$450<br />
|The images of this system look identical to the JBQ bar system - possibly the original manufacturer was acquired by Triple Q?<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|UniAsia<ref>This company appears to still be in business but does not have a website that I could find.</ref><br />
|QZ-825<br />
|Yes<br />
|$115<br />
|At this price, if you can get 2 years out of them, it's probably worth it even if they don't last longer than that.<br />
|From pictures, this seems to be basically the same design as the no-longer-made SVBZ buzzers, which proved somewhat fragile and difficult to set up.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger I<br />
|Yes<br />
|$495<br />
|All Challenger models accommodate either the "regular buzzer" (unit with button and small light for each player), the "Showtime handgrip" ("trigger" style buzzer with separate large rectangular light unit for each player), or the "Showtime tabletop" (the smaller square light unit). Loud buzzing tone that's less harsh than the QuikPro.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair. The Showtime handgrips have large plastic covers that will probably crack if dropped repeatedly; as with the Quik Pro Deluxe, you should try to secure them to the table when using to avoid this. Properly setting up and repacking the system, including using velcro or tape to avoid damage to the Showtime units, takes longer than any other currently manufactured buzzer (though not as long as the SVBZ).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger II<br />
|Yes<br />
|$610<br />
|Various built-in timing functions; can show a visible countdown for an NAQT-style game clock or rules such as 5 seconds per bonus part, etc.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger III<br />
|Yes<br />
|$720<br />
|Adds lights on the control unit to the Challenger II features.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Discover<br />
|Yes<br />
|$365<br />
|<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Deluxe<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Officiator Elite is now offered instead.<br />
|Has an LED screen on the control unit to display certain information about buzzing order.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Creative Electronic Designs<br />
|Quiz Wizard II<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can accommodate 16 players in large practice environments etc. Generally fairly durable; one or two buzzers may go dead but these systems are well over 20 years old and are still seen from time to time. Long cords.<br />
|Everything is hardwired together, which combined with the cord length means it can become tangled, hence "The Knot." No way to do individual activator repairs. This system has no lights at all; when a player buzzes, the moderator must read their buzzer number from an LCD screen. Annoyingly, the buzzers are numbered A1 through A4, B1 through B4, C1 through C4, and D1 through D4, which means you shouldn't use both D and B in a game since those are hard to distinguish. The buzzer numbers inscribed on the activators wear off over time so the only way to determine the numbers is for everyone to remember what comes up at the buzzer check. The additional step of calling out the buzzer number means that these systems should probably not be used in timed games (e.g. official NAQT national events). For a "barebones" system with no special features, the unit is surprisingly large; it takes up about as much space as a Quik Pro Deluxe or other system that uses that space to provide individual light units to each player.<br />
|-<br />
|Educational Technologies<br />
|Inquisitor<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Electramatic<br />
|The Judge<br />
|???<br />
|Electramatic has always had a very basic and uninformative web presence. It may still be possible to order this system by phone, or not.<br />
|Simple setup (basically just take the single hard-wired mass of equipment out of the case).<br />
|Breaks easily, especially the covers on the lights which protrude from the case and are not protected in any way. Everything being hardwired together with relatively short cords means that there's little flexibility in adapting to room setups and it's extremely easy for one errant move to drag the whole system to the floor. No lights in front of individual players. Confusing "timer" function on the reset switch often causes problems with uncleared buzzers in games.<br />
|-<br />
|JEM<br />
|Buzz Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Logitek<br />
|Quiztron<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|Buzzer lights are encased in the most enormous pieces of translucent plastic known in any buzzer system, with twelve panes over a foot long used in each system. This means they are very easily cracked and the remaining examples of these buzzers all look very beat-up.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Deluxe System<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System is now offered instead.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Paléogénies<br />
|Génies-Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pitsco<br />
|Quiz Wizard I<br />
|No<br />
|Pitsco Education is still in business and will likely be able to repair old systems, but they no longer manufacture new buzzers. <br />
|Very durable, compact, easy-to-set-up system.<br />
|Lights on console only, no individual player lights. The system does a 3-second "self-test" routine every time it is reset rather than just when initially powered up, which is annoying and in timed formats possibly makes it unusable.<br />
|-<br />
|QuizCo<br />
|The Quiz Machine<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can extend lengths with off-the-shelf RCA cords.<br />
|Electronic design of this system is completely dependent on "daisy chain" signal pass-through; one dead activator or cord will make every subsequent unit in the string unusable, so testing and avoiding disturbing the cords throughout the game becomes even more important than usual. System exhibits other weird behavior at times (e.g., touching anything conductive to the cord ports will cause the buzzer to go off).<br />
|-<br />
|SVBZ<br />
|SVBZ System<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Both an AC adapter and a battery powered mode (9-volt) are available by default.<br />
|This system uses a huge tree of wires to connect the activators to the control unit and must be totally pulled apart and separated (preferably in individual plastic bags or similar) before being repacked. If you try to pack it up without undoing all the connections even once it will become a hopeless tangle and require 15+ minutes of work to get back to a usable state. Components are cheap and fail often. With SVBZ out of business and the system out of warranty, you should only use this system if you can acquire 2 of them, as that is the only way to have a reasonable shot at pulling enough working parts to make one fully usable system. All connections need to be pushed together as tightly as possible or buzzers will stop working and you will have to hunt through the spiderweb of wires to find the problem. Many people find the buzzing noise on this system to be harsh/unpleasant.<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic Professional<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Adds individual colored lights and a detachable handheld cylinder-button activator to the original Q-a-M design. Branded with College Bowl logo.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Very reliable system with many units from 30+ years ago still functioning in quizbowl. Extremely good ergonomics on the button design, and a quaint "bell" sound is used for the buzzing noise.<br />
|Each team side is hardwired together, so there is a possibility of wire stress when packing and it's not possible to replace just one buzzer. With the company defunct, unless you can figure out how to fix the electronics on your own, once the unit goes below 8 working activators it's done for.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes on buying used buzzers==<br />
<br />
Buzzer systems fairly often appear on resale websites, primarily eBay but also sometimes Etsy, Goodwill, and government auction aggregators. Often these were buzzers owned by secondary schools which closed and whose movable property was sold as a lot to a dealer, or systems formerly owned by non-quizbowl campus groups such as college activities offices affiliated with now-defunct programs (e.g. ACUI College Bowl).<br />
<br />
*Don't buy a buzzer that won't be usable - the most common system seen here is the Trebisky Game Show Buzzer, which is marketed to a more general audience than quizbowl and primarily uses eBay and Amazon to reach buyers. As mentioned above, while information on this system is included because its technical layout meets the criteria for quizbowl buzzers, it is not a good choice for a quizbowl team and will basically be a waste of money (or time as you return it). The UniAsia QZ-825 also appears on eBay very often; it's possible that this is a more reliable system, but it has not been seen in mainstream quizbowl yet and nothing can be said for sure.<br />
*Extend your search terms- Most people making these sales are not "quizbowl people" and are guessing at what the item is called. Search for "quiz buzzer," "lockout system," "trivia," brand names such as Quik Pro, Zeecraft, etc., and be prepared to scroll past a lot of false positives.<br />
*Read terms- A lot of bulk sellers will, as a policy, not test or guarantee any electronics. Buying an "as-is" buzzer system is a needless risk and should generally be treated as code for "buying a non-working system." Sometimes, smaller sellers will be willing to plug in and test a system if you tell them how to do it - remember, they are not quizbowl people, they will need a little nudge as to what you are looking for.<br />
*The value proposition of a used buzzer is totally different than a new one because you are getting a discount. The reasons that it might not make sense to pay $700 for a Zeecraft become almost irrelevant if someone is selling the same unit for $100. The least expensive new buzzers that are generally expected to be usable over the long term include the $289 QuikPro Basic, the $290 Anderson Officiator Tabletop, and the $360 NED 10-Player. If your budget is lower and you can at least be assured that what you are buying is returnable if it doesn't work, then almost any model of buzzer at substantially less than $289 becomes a good deal.<br />
*Don't be afraid to negotiate, including using eBay's offer system. Most sellers have no idea what prices "should" be and are open to considering lowering prices, especially if the item has been on sale for a while. The inverse of the above point is - if I can get a brand new buzzer for $290 then why would I pay $500 for one that's used, banged up, covered in pieces of tape and writing that says Blahville Middle School, etc? Many sellers will find this persuasive.<br />
*Discuss lowering shipping costs as well. Most systems can be sent through regular USPS for less than $30. If someone insists on charging more and this brings the total cost of the purchase beyond what makes sense, let them know.<br />
*Know what can be repaired on your end - burnt out light bulbs, broken phone jacks, etc. are easy; completely nonfunctional electronic boards aren't. Once you know what you can repair, see what discounted "broken" systems may not be so broken after all. A system that is still supported but is missing one or two working activators might still prove a good deal after calculating the total cost of buying the used system and ordering replacement activators from the manufacturer.<br />
<br />
Overall, buying used can be a great option for those on a very limited budget or clubs looking to buy a second or third buzzer in an open-ended timeframe. You will almost always find something usable for under $200 if you know how to search and have a little patience. The more of these units that are brought back into the mainstream quizbowl ecosystem, the better it will be for the issue of supplying buzzers to tournaments.<br />
<br />
==Purchasing a buzzer system==<br />
<br />
New quiz bowl programs commonly ask how and where to buy a buzzer system. Overtime all buzzers break down, so it is often better to purchase more durable systems such as Andersons, which are the cheapest and provide good warranties, than to a more expensive system because it looks better or you have heard rumors that it is less likely to fail. Local civic organizations are a good place to reach out to if your school division denies funding for a buzzer system.<br />
<br />
There are other concerns about buying a buzzer system for quiz bowl:<br />
*Quiz bowl does not use "self-resetting" systems; you should buy a buzzer with a moderator reset button.<br />
*Wireless buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play due to the potential for lag.<br />
*Phone- and tablet-based buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play and serious practice due to the potential for distraction or cheating by using such devices' other functions.<br />
*Battery-operated buzzer systems will require you to always keep spare batteries in the case in the event of a mid-tournament battery failure. For tournament use, systems plugging into building power are preferred (it helps to keep an extension cord in the case because some rooms have inconveniently-located power outlets).<br />
*Individual player lights on or next to each player's buzzer make it easier for everyone to recognize who has buzzed in first.<br />
<br />
===[[Matt's Buzzers]]===<br />
<br />
Matt's Buzzers is a charity set up by Sheryl and Mike Cvijanovich, the parents of [[Matt Cvijanovich]]. It awards grants to teams seeking to buy buzzer systems. These grants are given in Matt's honor.<br />
<br />
===Buzzer exhibit===<br />
<br />
The Fondren Library at [[Rice]] University displays three buzzer systems formerly used by the Rice team as part of an exhibit on the history of Rice's quizbowl program.<br />
<br />
===Terminology===<br />
<br />
"Buzzer system" (used in most mainstream quizbowl) and "lockout system" (used in College Bowl) are the most common terms. Game shows such as ''Jeopardy!'' that use similar systems refer to them as a "signaling device." The terms "indicator system," "lockout/indicator," and "quiz box" are seen occasionally.<br />
<br />
The rules of at least two high school leagues in 2022 (one in Ohio and one in Georgia) still use the trademarked model name "Quiz-a-Matic" to refer to buzzers in general, despite the fact that the Quiz-a-Matic has not been manufactured since 1996, suggesting that this system was once so common that its name began to genericize.<br />
<br />
==Official systems==<br />
<br />
While almost all tournaments allow any buzzer that meets their technical requirements and rarely have the luxury of turning away any working buzzers supplied by teams, some models are more common in certain environments:<br />
*[[NHBB]] endorses the [[Anderson]] Officiator to teams and uses that model for their company-owned reserve of buzzers.<br />
*[[NAQT]] owns several dozen [[NED]] buzzers and does, or formerly did, have many company-owned [[Judge]]s as well.<br />
*[[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]] uses a stock of [[Quik Pro]] Deluxe buzzers at its state tournament and endorses Quik Pro for purchase by participating teams. Scholastic Bowl-only programs almost invariably own a Quik Pro Deluxe with the siren-style buzzers; other models appear at regional-level VHSL tournaments only when more active teams that purchased buzzers outside of VHSL's recommendation supply them.<br />
*Off-TV [[College Bowl]] used [[Zeecraft]] Challenger I buzzers at its official events after University Research Company stopped making its prior official buzzer, the Quizamatic, in 1996. The purchase of this model by colleges running intramural tournaments and the subsequent end of the College Bowl campus program may explain this buzzer's frequent appearance on secondhand resale websites.<br />
*The Creative Electronic Designs Quiz Wizard II was the official buzzer used by [[Certamen]] teams. As of 2023, now that the Quiz Wizard II is no longer being made, the NJCL is making and repairing its own systems. As Certamen involves 12 players at a time, not all quizbowl systems are usable for this format. <br />
*Televised high school quizbowl shows that don't build their own custom buzzers through the TV station's engineers often use Zeecrafts with the Showtime activators, which are fairly easily modified to output to a large light in front of a podium.<br />
<br />
The Quik Pro Deluxe "siren" style buzzers provide some advantage in games played before large audiences, as they have by far the largest lights, and the only large lights that are omnidirectional, of any available system. In extreme cases (e.g. national finals games played on stages in hotel conference rooms in front of hundreds of people) there is no out-of-the-box buzzer that lights up brightly enough to overcome the combined effects of the stage lighting and the size of the room, and the audience has to rely on listening to who is answering the question to determine who buzzed. The only way to overcome this is to re-route the light bulb socket in a buzzer that uses lamps (such as certain Zeecraft or NED models) to a larger, more powerful light on the front of the players' table/podium; outside of televised events, this method was once commonly done at the [[National Academic Championship]] and was used for the finals of the 2004 [[PACE NSC]].<br />
<br />
==Gallery of buzzer systems==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Quizco-quizmachine.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The Quiz Machine (aka the "QuizDuck" for its unique quack-like buzzing sound).|alt=alt language<br />
File:20playerquizco.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The 4-team, 20-player version of the Quiz Machine.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Paleogenies-geh.jpg|Manufacturer:Paléogénies<br>Model: Génies-Box used for [[Génies en herbe]] and related competitions in Quebec|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizard1-pitsco.jpg|Manufacturer: Pitsco<br>Model: Quiz Wizard I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizardii-ced.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Electronic Designs<br>Model: Quiz Wizard II aka "The Knot"|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thejudge2.jpg|Manufacturer: Electramatic<br>Model: The Judge|alt=alt language<br />
File:Biblebowl.jpg|Manufacturer:<br>Model: [[Bible Bowl]] system that was produced by third-party builders & also made freely available as a schematic|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe. Quik Pro offers various "deluxe" models with large lights as seen here.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpb.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Basic. This has lights on the control unit only; players need to be aware of which color/number light is theirs.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpcombo.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: New Combo Quik Pro with ergonomic single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:QPcombo_quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: Old-style Combo Quik Pro with rounded single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:Anderson-officiator.jpg|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: Officiator with 10 desktop activators|alt=alt language<br />
File:Officiator16.png|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: 32-player version of the Officiator Deluxe (since discontinued and replaced with the similar Officiator Elite). This comes with either the "paddle" or smaller handheld activators.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-buzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with one handheld activator set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-setup.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with eight desktop activators set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nedchain.png|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: Part of the still-manufactured older design from NED/Buzzersytems.com, which they call the "chain link" system, using Ethernet-style connectors|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger2.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II in the case.|alt=alt language<br />
File:4-1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II view approximating game-usable setup. Note: The distinguishing features of the various Zeecraft models are on the control unit; the different styles of activators are generally interchangeable from one model to another.|alt=alt language<br />
File:S-l1600.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with single-piece style individual light activators. The "BUZZ IN" stickers were applied by the manufacturer and often appear on this model of activator.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger-tabletop.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with the less-often seen large light tabletop units|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger3.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: A Challenger III control unit|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbz.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Full SVBZ system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbzblue.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: A lit-up SVBZ activator with their most common light design.|alt=alt language.<br />
File:Svbz_round.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Large, round activator used in the last years of SVBZ|alt=alt language<br />
File:Bolling-funb.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Funbuzzer with two activators visible|alt=alt language<br />
File:Funbuzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Full view of the Funbuzzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Shomesmartlight.jpg|Manufacturer: Sho-Me Systems<br>Model: Smart Light|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quiz_equipment_basic_quizbox.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: Basic Quiz Box. These systems are modular and are sold with the buyer's choice of control unit/activator unit style combinations.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Buzzer-board-organized.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: "Buzzer Board" marketed to Bible Bowl participants|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qz825.jpg|Manufacturer: UniAsia<br>Model: QZ825, a Hong Kong-manufactured system often seen on eBay for a low cost|alt=alt language<br />
File:Trebisky.jpg|Manufacturer: Trebisky<br>Low-cost China-made system of dubious quality heavily promoted online|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ion-electricals-india.webp|Manufacturer: Ion Electricals<br>Model: System used in [[Indian quizzing]]|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nasco.png|Manufacturer: Nasco<br>Model: Classroom Challenger|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizmaster.png|Manufacturer: Erickson<br>Model: Quizmaster|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamatic.png|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: Classic Quizamatic. The physical bell which produces the sound upon "buzzing" is visible.|alt=alt language<br />
File:8366d3093dc379e431be6e14f8ac7d21.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: The Quizamatic Professional, featuring individual player lights and College Bowl branding.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamaticset.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: One team set up for the Quiz-a-Matic Professional|alt=alt language<br />
File:Esl-slamsystem.png|Manufacturer: ESL<br>Model: Slam System.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Prod_18222294424.jpg|Manufacturer: Trainers' Warehouse<br>Model: Me First Answer Dome (wireless system)|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizsystems-QS2000A.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Systems<br>Model: QS2000A|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1229.webp|Manufacturer: QuizSystems.com<br>Model: Closer view of part of a QuizSystems buzzer system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1232.webp|Manufacturer: Logitek<br>Model: Quiztron|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jembuzzbox.jpg|Manufacturer: JEM<br>Model: Buzz Box|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edapi-questionairre.jpg|Manufacturer: EDAPI<br>Model: Genius Game (showing control unit only without activators)|alt=alt language<br />
File:BigDaddy_10-Player_System_400.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: Big Daddy. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:PowerGrip-wired-full-system-16-9.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: PowerGrip. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Rollsg76.jpg|Manufacturer: Rolls<br>Model: GS76RL|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jbq.jpg|Manufacturer: JBQ<br>Model: "Bar" system formerly used in Junior Bible Quiz|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tanddenterprisesthequizzer.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer in the case|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tdquizzer2.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: Another view of The Quizzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thequizzr3.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer with a lit-up activator|alt=alt language<br />
File:Creative-engineering-gsm-plus.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Imagineering<br>Model: Lockout Plus|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edinsights.jpg|Manufacturer: Educational Insights<br>Model: Quiz Bowl buzzer set|alt=alt language<br />
File:maplin-quizzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Maplin<br>Model: Quizzer/Priority Quiz Buzzer. This system was published as a schematic in a UK electronics hobbyist magazine in 1993, with instructions on including any desired number of individual activators|alt=alt language<br />
File:Gameshowpro-learningware.jpg|Manufacturer: Learning Ware<br>Model: Game Show Pro|alt=alt language<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Reference for common buzzer parts & repair tools==<br />
<br />
*Anderson power pack - available on their website http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/replacementparts.html, if using a third-party power supply, set output to 9V and use the 3.5mm connector (off-the-shelf power packs should come with an assortment of connectors)<br />
*Bulbs for Zeecraft "showtime" activators - #47 or #1847 "bayonet" or "pinball" style such as these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09LC968GK (LED) or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00455IHYM (traditional incandescent filament) Note - Modern LED bulbs placed in older Zeecraft systems will glow faintly whenever the system is plugged in, but they will still clearly get much brighter when the player buzzes and are entirely usable for the purposes of a buzzer. If you can get old incandescent bulbs, they won't do this, but they are more expensive, you will have to replace them more often and, at some point in the future, such bulbs will no longer be made.<br />
*Bulbs for NED systems - while these look superficially similar to the Zeecraft bulbs they are not interchangeable. NED sells replacement LED bulbs here: https://buzzersystems.com/product/light-bulb-long-life-red/ and the specs per their page are 12-14V, 25mA, T 3-1/4 BA9S size<br />
*Fuses for QuikPro systems - 0.5 amp 1" x 1 1/4" glass tube, e.g. these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BXHWAM<br />
*Soldering iron for wire connections - any kind, available anywhere hardware is sold<br />
*Crimping kit for RJ11 ("phone jack") and RJ45 ("Ethernet") tab connectors used by QuikPro, Zeecraft, and other manufacturers - https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0756SN86D or any similar kit plus pack of connectors https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008EAK1FM<br />
*Screwdrivers are needed for opening Anderson units to fix sunken bulbs, opening Zeecraft showtime light units to replace the bulbs, and other general repair tasks. These will be included in most crimping kits, otherwise supply your own.<br />
<br />
Keeping the above tools and parts with your buzzer can save a tournament from running short.<br />
<br />
*Buzzer cases: All extant manufacturers sell bags or cases that are intended to fit their buzzers; check the appropriate websites. Otherwise, nearly every system will fit into one of the following options:<br />
**16 or 20 inch toolboxes: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000HD60PE or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0032Y8RIS, also available at any store that sells hardware or fishing supplies<br />
**"Catalog cases" - for example https://www.amazon.com/Solo-New-York-Classic-USLB1514/dp/B000IJ9O8W/ - these are what NED sells for their systems. The difference between a small "catalog case" and a large "laptop case" is somewhat blurry, so look into all options for the dimensions you need.<br />
**Nearly any system besides the full-size Zeecrafts and the Quik Pro Deluxe will fit in an ordinary household storage bin like this: https://www.amazon.com/Tribello-Clear-Plastic-Storage-Containers/dp/B08H8X25XZ which are sold everywhere<br />
**The new miniaturized Anderson system, original-style Quizamatics, and QuizPro basic systems will fit in an average cardboard shoebox.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
*[https://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 So You Want to Buy a Buzzer System]<br />
*[http://www.mattsbuzzers.com/ Matt's Buzzers]<br />
*[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzer Systems]<br />
*[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
*[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ Quik Pro]<br />
*[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Tech]<br />
*[https://www.delcomproducts.com/productdetails.asp?PartNumber=706400-1M Delcom USB Handheld Buzzer]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOMwm8EAXb8 A Quiz-a-Matic buzzer system being tested]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl basics]]<br />
[[Category:Buzzers]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=File:Gameshowpro-learningware.jpg&diff=62676File:Gameshowpro-learningware.jpg2023-12-21T01:18:51Z<p>Matt Weiner: The Learning Ware Game Show Pro</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
The Learning Ware Game Show Pro</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Buzzer&diff=62663Buzzer2023-12-18T20:08:36Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* History of Quizbowl Buzzers */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Intro}}<br />
<br />
[[File:JudgeBuzzer.jpeg|thumb|The Judge]]<br />
<br />
'''Buzzer system''', '''buzzer''', and '''lockout system''' are the common names for the device used to indicate which player has signaled their desire to answer a question first. Such systems are necessary for all standard quizbowl games because they make it clear which player was the first to attempt to answer a question.<br />
<br />
While using a buzzer system, players '''buzz''' to answer a question. Other players are prevented from buzzing ("locked out") after one player has buzzed until the system is [[cleared|reset]].<br />
<br />
A buzzer system consists of a control unit that sits near the moderator, which connects to individual buttons or paddles held by each player. When a player buzzes in, the system produces a sound and activates a light indicating which player buzzed. Many more expensive systems have individual lights next to each player, while most lower-priced systems have smaller lights or light only on the control unit.<br />
<br />
Almost all [[tournament]]s require some number of teams to bring buzzers in order to have enough to run the tournament properly; for this reason, [[Tournament director]]s usually offer a discount to teams that bring a buzzer. When too few buzzers are present, teams must play [[slapbowl]], where buzzing is indicated by slapping the desk or saying something like "buzz." This is no longer common in the vast majority of modern quizbowl tournaments.<br />
<br />
Online tournaments typically use an online buzzer system like [[Buzzin.live]], which functions for players in much the same way as an in-person buzzer. It is possible to use USB buzzers attached to players' computers as the activator for online buzzers, though this is not necessary and generally either a mouse or a phone touchscreen is used. While physical buzzers may use pure electronic hardware logic to determine who has buzzed first, online systems used in serious tournament play must account for varying Internet speed/lag through various approaches, in order to actually determine who has buzzed first in real time rather than who has the best connection to the server.<br />
<br />
==History of Quizbowl Buzzers==<br />
The earliest quizbowl-style competitions appeared to use either a system of hand-raising (sometimes with other officials activating a buzzer after seeing a hand raised) or shouting the answer before the other team. The [[College Bowl]] TV show implemented a buzzer system as part of its studio set, but [https://web.archive.org/web/20120531092825/https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~quizbowl/newsletters/ACF_Newsletter_9-3.txt portable buzzers took longer to emerge]. The [[Berry]] College team in 1971 created a home-made portable buzzer system while a patent for a portable buzzer system was filed in 1972. Previous "lockout" buzzer systems had been used by [[Bible Bowl]] as early as the 1950s, but they were apparently not very portable. [[John P. Reynolds]] of Dayton, OH, who was likely affiliated with Bible Bowl, is the inventor of the buzzer system under the most straightforward interpretation of the concepts of "inventor" and "buzzer system."<br />
<br />
To be usable in quizbowl, buzzer systems now have some kind of light that indicates who buzzed in first, as well as a sound that alerts the reader to stop reading the question and look for the light. Some older buzzer systems used a mechanical bell or other physical device instead of making a "buzz" sound. All currently manufactured systems play an electronically synthesized tone of some kind, with the QuikPro being closest to an onomatopoeiac "buzz" sound. Most current systems use two or more tones of different pitches and/or lengths, so that which of the teams has buzzed can be determined by sound alone before searching for the individual player using the lights.<br />
<br />
[[File:Bible bowl schematic.png|200px|thumb|center|Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl]] [[File:Bible bowl schematic 2.png|200px|thumb|center|Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl (back)]]<br />
<br />
Instructions on building a modern computerized buzzer set using a printed circuit board may be found [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1719&context=physics_facpub here.] This document is from 1996 but presumably all fully electronic buzzers work basically the same way.<br />
<br />
==Choosing a buzzer system (2019 Em Gunter post)==<br />
<br />
There are many things to take into consideration when deciding which buzzer system to purchase including price, durability, portability, and other factors. Below is a brief overview of [[Em Gunter]]'s [https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 guide to choosing a buzzer system] on the [[hsquizbowl.org forums]]. This covers 4 of the most commonly seen systems that can still be purchased as of March 2020 (thus leaving out [[The Judge]], which appears to be unavailable for purchase anymore, but which due to its near-indestructibility remains present on many circuits).<br />
<br />
===[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzers]: [$265-$290]===<br />
<br />
Anderson buzzers come in two versions: daisy-chained boxes and individual hand-held indicators. purchasing the daisy-chained version is suggested due to their ease of use and high durability. When disassembled these buzzers only have 4 parts making it nearly impossible to accidentally leave part of the system lying around. The control unit is a simple box and each strip of buzzers connects on either side of the unit. These buzzers are extremely durable and are only known to fail in cases of extreme negligence. Andersons are the cheapest and most reliable buzzers that can be purchased and are often recommended over any other system. In general, it is a much better idea to purchase two sets of Andersons rather than a single set of QuikPros or Zeecrafts due to the far superior build of the Andersons. The one downside, however, to Andersons is that the AC adapter for the system is extremely short so purchasing an extension cord is highly suggested.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com Buzzers]: [~$299]===<br />
<br />
The buzzers from BuzzerSystems.com feature a control unit with individual activators contained within boxes that connect to the control unit by audio cables. The control unit features a reset button and 16 ports to allow the support of up to 16 players which is higher than any other commonly found system. Set up of this system is slightly more complicated than the Andersons because you have to plug a cable into each individual activator and a port on the control unit. Players who enjoy holding their activator but are seeking a higher quality or cheaper set will most likely prefer this set over Andersons. The main downside to this system is the quality of the cables that come with the set when you purchase it. When purchasing this system it is recommended that you additionally invest in a set of replacement cables that can be found at Amazon or a local electronics retailer.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ QuikPro Buzzers]: [$289-$489]===<br />
<br />
QuikPro buzzers come in two general types. You either have hand-held activators directly connected to the control unit from a single connection or individual lights with hand-held activators attached. The version with hand-held activators but not lights are generally far more reliable than the version with individual lights. QuikPro buzzers use cables similar to those used for home telephones and the connectors are often prone to snapping. The reset button on QuikPro buzzers can often fail due to poor wiring and may require the splicing of new wire in for continued functionality. The set up of this system is fairly simple but there are many cords that can easily get tangled or damaged which can increase set up and tear down time significantly compared to other systems. <br />
<br />
===[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Buzzers]: [$465-$730]===<br />
<br />
These are by far the most expensive buzzers you can buy and while they look extremely nice they don't hold up very well. Many people have experience with these sets as they commonly show up at various national championship tournaments. Zeecraft systems have 8 individual lights with individual hand-held activators. The individual lights themselves are extremely fragile and will crack or pop off if they fall on the ground or jostle inside the case. The buzzers connect to the control unit using telephone cables and the clips on these tend to snap off quite easily. The craftmanship of Zeecraft buzzers is inferior to that of other systems. The soldering is often messy and these systems fail significantly sooner than other systems available for purchase. Additionally, Zeecrafts are incredibly time-consuming to set up and take even longer to put away due to the barely-big-enough case designed for the system. Taking into account the very high cost and lack of durability it is suggested that you stay away from Zeecraft buzzers for individual team use.<br />
<br />
==Model-specific information==<br />
<br />
This table is intended to aggregate information about all models of buzzer that are usable for ordinary NAQT/ACF-style quizbowl, including those that are no longer manufactured. Systems that may be suitable only for Knowledge Bowl or other peripheral formats will be added in the future.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! Manufacturer<br />
! Model<br />
! Still being made as of 2022?<br />
! Lowest cost for usable system<ref>Lowest possible cost, excluding shipping and carrying case, for a new system in the model line that can currently be ordered from the manufacturer's website and meets [https://www.naqt.com/nationals/buzzer-discount-policy.html NAQT's definition] of an acceptable buzzer. Higher-priced variants with more features (e.g. additional player activators or a different style of activator), or lower-priced systems that are not usable for ordinary quizbowl (e.g. because they have fewer than eight activators), or usable lower-priced models that are no longer offered as new products and can only be acquired secondhand, may also be available. Information was researched and current as of 12/20/22.</ref><br />
! Advantages<br />
! Disadvantages<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Combo Quik Pro<br />
|Yes<br />
|$395<br />
|This newer system is a good balance of the Quik Pro's benefits with innovations to make it more compact and less fragile. The individual activators have a button set in the middle of a light and are permanently hardwired together; the only thing to plug in is one connector per team. The whole system fits in a shoebox and is only a few inches larger than the miniaturized Anderson system so it's one of the most portable. All Quik Pro models except the Basic have a small timer mounted to the system - this can be used for various game timing functions though it is not visible to the players like the Zeecraft timers are.<br />
| Because each team side is permanently hardwired, the individual activators are not modular; if you have an 8-player system and one activator fails then there is no way to "switch it out" and the whole thing has to be sent in for repair. However, the system seems to be fairly durable and may not have this issue often. The only connector in the system is the unusual Quik Pro data port, so there's no off-the-shelf extension available like there is for phone/Ethernet/RCA style cords; conversely, when the connectors are long enough to accommodate a medium-sized classroom, it's recommended to tape them down to the floor to avoid tripping hazards. Repairs for Quik Pro systems tend to be expensive in comparison to other manufacturers.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Basic<br />
|Yes<br />
|$289<br />
|Good loud buzzing sound, affordable cost, extremely compact and easy to set up (just plug it into the wall and you're done).<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$489<br />
|"Siren" style lights are the most visible available and are good for larger rooms or for formats that require recognizing by buzzer color. They are easily recognized as a "buzzer system" even when not plugged in and are a good eye-catching aid in recruitment environments such as activities fairs. Timer included.<br />
|Plastic on sirens cracks fairly easily, especially if you're trying to balance the whole system on a classroom desk where it will inevitably fall off. Recommend using some velcro/tape to secure the components to the desk surface to try to avoid this happening too often. RJ11 connectors have the usual issues (perhaps even more so since unlike the Zeecraft the connector end goes into the individual buzzer rather than the control unit and will be moving around constantly) so be prepared to perform maintenance.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$518<br />
|Strobe may be a good solution for improving visibility in very large rooms. Timer included.<br />
|Same as the Deluxe.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Elite<br />
|Yes<br />
|$448<br />
|By far the simplest and most compact system for accommodating more than 10 players, e.g. at large practices or in certain "Bee" formats. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Handheld/Handpad<br />
|Yes<br />
|$320<br />
|Probably the best connector style for detachable handheld activators - they don't tend to fall out like the NEDs or break like the Zeecraft/QuikPros. Available in cylinder button or "slap-pad" styles. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Tabletop<br />
|Yes<br />
|$290<br />
|Generally considered one of the best values for a new buzzer - despite the issues mentioned here you can usually get a few years out of it before sending it in for a cheap repair. Very appealing when looking at long-term cost of ownership. Variable volume control. Since 2020 or so this system has been offered in a miniaturized version that's easier to transport and so far seems to have fewer of the maintenance issues. Anderson has a good reputation for effective customer service & affordable repairs when needed. The cords from the first buzzer in each team chain to the control unit are fairly long and work for almost any room setup without worrying about purchasing extensions.<br />
|Hard-wired connections on both sides of 8 out of 10 activators mean there is no way to pack the system without stressing and, sooner or later, breaking the wires. Reset button can stick. LEDs on activators will often sink into the unit, though this is fairly easy to repair. Power pack is fragile and is subject to the wire breaking/fraying or the pack simply ceasing to work after a period of time. A lot of players have an annoying habit of covering the light on these systems when they buzz, so you will need to remind people not to do that.<br />
|-<br />
|Boling<ref>This company appears to still be in business but their website is non-secure so the link is not included at this time.</ref><br />
|Funbuzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$445<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://edapi.com/genius-game/?lang=en Edapi]<br />
|Genius Game<br />
|Yes<br />
|~$365<ref>This is a Quebec-based company which lists prices on its website in Canadian dollars. As of December 2022 the base price is CAD$495 which is US$364. Exchange rates vary over time and additional charges related to shipping or customs when ordering from the U.S. may apply.</ref><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|10-Player Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$360<br />
|Of the major manufacturers, NED systems are probably the most historically reliable in terms of need for repair per hour of use, and they tend to accumulate less visible wear and tear over time than similarly priced systems.<br />
|The RCA-style connectors used in these systems are imperfect and are too easily yanked out by normal movement or loosened over time. Securing the connections with additional tape etc. is recommended if feasible for your use conditions. This model doesn't have lights in front of the players.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|High-Visibility Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$559<br />
|Same as other NED systems plus larger individual desktop lights.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$645<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|The handheld activators that go to the desktop units have the same issue as other NED systems with RCA connectors. The other connectors in this system are eight-pin style similar to Anderson connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Team-Box Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$475<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player). Same issue with RCA connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Traditional Buzzer System – BASIC<br />
|Yes<br />
|$339<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Who's Next? Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$399<br />
|Offers a functionality for determining who buzzed second, third, etc that can be switched on or off as desired.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|A/G Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$465<br />
|Quiz Equipment activators are all modular and are available in various form factors including slap-pads and handheld cylinders.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Basic Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$305<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Quizbowl Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$436<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|World Bible Quiz system<br />
|Yes<br />
|$535<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[http://quizsystems.com/products.htm QuizSystems]<br />
|QS2000A<br />
|Yes<br />
|$260<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://rolls.com/product/GS76RL Rolls]<br />
|GS76RL Game Show Controller<br />
|?<br />
|Lists for $189 new though currently sold out, not sure if more are being manufactured<br />
|Compact but still has individual lights<br />
|The reset button does not clear the system if someone is holding down one of the activator buttons<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.trebisky.com/product-page/trebisky-game-show-buzzer-standalone-system-w-led-light-buttons-8-player Trebisky]<br />
|Game Show Buzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$90<br />
|The lowest-priced new system, and is sold through Amazon so has lots of payment options.<br />
| ''Extremely'' fragile system using very cheap components that is likely to arrive with at least one activator already broken. There is no way that this system will stand up to the ordinary wear and tear of travel or game use. The system as designed theoretically meets tournament usability requirements, but in reality is probably not suited for actual quizbowl team needs and is better used for non-quizbowl classroom or entertainment applications.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://tripleqquestions.com/product/8-player-sho-me-smart-light-buzzer-system/ Triple-Q/Sho-Me]<br />
|Smart Light<br />
|Yes<br />
|$450<br />
|The images of this system look identical to the JBQ bar system - possibly the original manufacturer was acquired by Triple Q?<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|UniAsia<ref>This company appears to still be in business but does not have a website that I could find.</ref><br />
|QZ-825<br />
|Yes<br />
|$115<br />
|At this price, if you can get 2 years out of them, it's probably worth it even if they don't last longer than that.<br />
|From pictures, this seems to be basically the same design as the no-longer-made SVBZ buzzers, which proved somewhat fragile and difficult to set up.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger I<br />
|Yes<br />
|$495<br />
|All Challenger models accommodate either the "regular buzzer" (unit with button and small light for each player), the "Showtime handgrip" ("trigger" style buzzer with separate large rectangular light unit for each player), or the "Showtime tabletop" (the smaller square light unit). Loud buzzing tone that's less harsh than the QuikPro.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair. The Showtime handgrips have large plastic covers that will probably crack if dropped repeatedly; as with the Quik Pro Deluxe, you should try to secure them to the table when using to avoid this. Properly setting up and repacking the system, including using velcro or tape to avoid damage to the Showtime units, takes longer than any other currently manufactured buzzer (though not as long as the SVBZ).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger II<br />
|Yes<br />
|$610<br />
|Various built-in timing functions; can show a visible countdown for an NAQT-style game clock or rules such as 5 seconds per bonus part, etc.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger III<br />
|Yes<br />
|$720<br />
|Adds lights on the control unit to the Challenger II features.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Discover<br />
|Yes<br />
|$365<br />
|<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Deluxe<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Officiator Elite is now offered instead.<br />
|Has an LED screen on the control unit to display certain information about buzzing order.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Creative Electronic Designs<br />
|Quiz Wizard II<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can accommodate 16 players in large practice environments etc. Generally fairly durable; one or two buzzers may go dead but these systems are well over 20 years old and are still seen from time to time. Long cords.<br />
|Everything is hardwired together, which combined with the cord length means it can become tangled, hence "The Knot." No way to do individual activator repairs. This system has no lights at all; when a player buzzes, the moderator must read their buzzer number from an LCD screen. Annoyingly, the buzzers are numbered A1 through A4, B1 through B4, C1 through C4, and D1 through D4, which means you shouldn't use both D and B in a game since those are hard to distinguish. The buzzer numbers inscribed on the activators wear off over time so the only way to determine the numbers is for everyone to remember what comes up at the buzzer check. The additional step of calling out the buzzer number means that these systems should probably not be used in timed games (e.g. official NAQT national events). For a "barebones" system with no special features, the unit is surprisingly large; it takes up about as much space as a Quik Pro Deluxe or other system that uses that space to provide individual light units to each player.<br />
|-<br />
|Educational Technologies<br />
|Inquisitor<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Electramatic<br />
|The Judge<br />
|???<br />
|Electramatic has always had a very basic and uninformative web presence. It may still be possible to order this system by phone, or not.<br />
|Simple setup (basically just take the single hard-wired mass of equipment out of the case).<br />
|Breaks easily, especially the covers on the lights which protrude from the case and are not protected in any way. Everything being hardwired together with relatively short cords means that there's little flexibility in adapting to room setups and it's extremely easy for one errant move to drag the whole system to the floor. No lights in front of individual players. Confusing "timer" function on the reset switch often causes problems with uncleared buzzers in games.<br />
|-<br />
|JEM<br />
|Buzz Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Logitek<br />
|Quiztron<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|Buzzer lights are encased in the most enormous pieces of translucent plastic known in any buzzer system, with twelve panes over a foot long used in each system. This means they are very easily cracked and the remaining examples of these buzzers all look very beat-up.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Deluxe System<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System is now offered instead.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Paléogénies<br />
|Génies-Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pitsco<br />
|Quiz Wizard I<br />
|No<br />
|Pitsco Education is still in business and will likely be able to repair old systems, but they no longer manufacture new buzzers. <br />
|Very durable, compact, easy-to-set-up system.<br />
|Lights on console only, no individual player lights. The system does a 3-second "self-test" routine every time it is reset rather than just when initially powered up, which is annoying and in timed formats possibly makes it unusable.<br />
|-<br />
|QuizCo<br />
|The Quiz Machine<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can extend lengths with off-the-shelf RCA cords.<br />
|Electronic design of this system is completely dependent on "daisy chain" signal pass-through; one dead activator or cord will make every subsequent unit in the string unusable, so testing and avoiding disturbing the cords throughout the game becomes even more important than usual. System exhibits other weird behavior at times (e.g., touching anything conductive to the cord ports will cause the buzzer to go off).<br />
|-<br />
|SVBZ<br />
|SVBZ System<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Both an AC adapter and a battery powered mode (9-volt) are available by default.<br />
|This system uses a huge tree of wires to connect the activators to the control unit and must be totally pulled apart and separated (preferably in individual plastic bags or similar) before being repacked. If you try to pack it up without undoing all the connections even once it will become a hopeless tangle and require 15+ minutes of work to get back to a usable state. Components are cheap and fail often. With SVBZ out of business and the system out of warranty, you should only use this system if you can acquire 2 of them, as that is the only way to have a reasonable shot at pulling enough working parts to make one fully usable system. All connections need to be pushed together as tightly as possible or buzzers will stop working and you will have to hunt through the spiderweb of wires to find the problem. Many people find the buzzing noise on this system to be harsh/unpleasant.<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic Professional<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Adds individual colored lights and a detachable handheld cylinder-button activator to the original Q-a-M design. Branded with College Bowl logo.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Very reliable system with many units from 30+ years ago still functioning in quizbowl. Extremely good ergonomics on the button design, and a quaint "bell" sound is used for the buzzing noise.<br />
|Each team side is hardwired together, so there is a possibility of wire stress when packing and it's not possible to replace just one buzzer. With the company defunct, unless you can figure out how to fix the electronics on your own, once the unit goes below 8 working activators it's done for.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes on buying used buzzers==<br />
<br />
Buzzer systems fairly often appear on resale websites, primarily eBay but also sometimes Etsy, Goodwill, and government auction aggregators. Often these were buzzers owned by secondary schools which closed and whose movable property was sold as a lot to a dealer, or systems formerly owned by non-quizbowl campus groups such as college activities offices affiliated with now-defunct programs (e.g. ACUI College Bowl).<br />
<br />
*Don't buy a buzzer that won't be usable - the most common system seen here is the Trebisky Game Show Buzzer, which is marketed to a more general audience than quizbowl and primarily uses eBay and Amazon to reach buyers. As mentioned above, while information on this system is included because its technical layout meets the criteria for quizbowl buzzers, it is not a good choice for a quizbowl team and will basically be a waste of money (or time as you return it). The UniAsia QZ-825 also appears on eBay very often; it's possible that this is a more reliable system, but it has not been seen in mainstream quizbowl yet and nothing can be said for sure.<br />
*Extend your search terms- Most people making these sales are not "quizbowl people" and are guessing at what the item is called. Search for "quiz buzzer," "lockout system," "trivia," brand names such as Quik Pro, Zeecraft, etc., and be prepared to scroll past a lot of false positives.<br />
*Read terms- A lot of bulk sellers will, as a policy, not test or guarantee any electronics. Buying an "as-is" buzzer system is a needless risk and should generally be treated as code for "buying a non-working system." Sometimes, smaller sellers will be willing to plug in and test a system if you tell them how to do it - remember, they are not quizbowl people, they will need a little nudge as to what you are looking for.<br />
*The value proposition of a used buzzer is totally different than a new one because you are getting a discount. The reasons that it might not make sense to pay $700 for a Zeecraft become almost irrelevant if someone is selling the same unit for $100. The least expensive new buzzers that are generally expected to be usable over the long term include the $289 QuikPro Basic, the $290 Anderson Officiator Tabletop, and the $360 NED 10-Player. If your budget is lower and you can at least be assured that what you are buying is returnable if it doesn't work, then almost any model of buzzer at substantially less than $289 becomes a good deal.<br />
*Don't be afraid to negotiate, including using eBay's offer system. Most sellers have no idea what prices "should" be and are open to considering lowering prices, especially if the item has been on sale for a while. The inverse of the above point is - if I can get a brand new buzzer for $290 then why would I pay $500 for one that's used, banged up, covered in pieces of tape and writing that says Blahville Middle School, etc? Many sellers will find this persuasive.<br />
*Discuss lowering shipping costs as well. Most systems can be sent through regular USPS for less than $30. If someone insists on charging more and this brings the total cost of the purchase beyond what makes sense, let them know.<br />
*Know what can be repaired on your end - burnt out light bulbs, broken phone jacks, etc. are easy; completely nonfunctional electronic boards aren't. Once you know what you can repair, see what discounted "broken" systems may not be so broken after all. A system that is still supported but is missing one or two working activators might still prove a good deal after calculating the total cost of buying the used system and ordering replacement activators from the manufacturer.<br />
<br />
Overall, buying used can be a great option for those on a very limited budget or clubs looking to buy a second or third buzzer in an open-ended timeframe. You will almost always find something usable for under $200 if you know how to search and have a little patience. The more of these units that are brought back into the mainstream quizbowl ecosystem, the better it will be for the issue of supplying buzzers to tournaments.<br />
<br />
==Purchasing a buzzer system==<br />
<br />
New quiz bowl programs commonly ask how and where to buy a buzzer system. Overtime all buzzers break down, so it is often better to purchase more durable systems such as Andersons, which are the cheapest and provide good warranties, than to a more expensive system because it looks better or you have heard rumors that it is less likely to fail. Local civic organizations are a good place to reach out to if your school division denies funding for a buzzer system.<br />
<br />
There are other concerns about buying a buzzer system for quiz bowl:<br />
*Quiz bowl does not use "self-resetting" systems; you should buy a buzzer with a moderator reset button.<br />
*Wireless buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play due to the potential for lag.<br />
*Phone- and tablet-based buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play and serious practice due to the potential for distraction or cheating by using such devices' other functions.<br />
*Battery-operated buzzer systems will require you to always keep spare batteries in the case in the event of a mid-tournament battery failure. For tournament use, systems plugging into building power are preferred (it helps to keep an extension cord in the case because some rooms have inconveniently-located power outlets).<br />
*Individual player lights on or next to each player's buzzer make it easier for everyone to recognize who has buzzed in first.<br />
<br />
===[[Matt's Buzzers]]===<br />
<br />
Matt's Buzzers is a charity set up by Sheryl and Mike Cvijanovich, the parents of [[Matt Cvijanovich]]. It awards grants to teams seeking to buy buzzer systems. These grants are given in Matt's honor.<br />
<br />
===Buzzer exhibit===<br />
<br />
The Fondren Library at [[Rice]] University displays three buzzer systems formerly used by the Rice team as part of an exhibit on the history of Rice's quizbowl program.<br />
<br />
===Terminology===<br />
<br />
"Buzzer system" (used in most mainstream quizbowl) and "lockout system" (used in College Bowl) are the most common terms. Game shows such as ''Jeopardy!'' that use similar systems refer to them as a "signaling device." The terms "indicator system," "lockout/indicator," and "quiz box" are seen occasionally.<br />
<br />
The rules of at least two high school leagues in 2022 (one in Ohio and one in Georgia) still use the trademarked model name "Quiz-a-Matic" to refer to buzzers in general, despite the fact that the Quiz-a-Matic has not been manufactured since 1996, suggesting that this system was once so common that its name began to genericize.<br />
<br />
==Official systems==<br />
<br />
While almost all tournaments allow any buzzer that meets their technical requirements and rarely have the luxury of turning away any working buzzers supplied by teams, some models are more common in certain environments:<br />
*[[NHBB]] endorses the [[Anderson]] Officiator to teams and uses that model for their company-owned reserve of buzzers.<br />
*[[NAQT]] owns several dozen [[NED]] buzzers and does, or formerly did, have many company-owned [[Judge]]s as well.<br />
*[[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]] uses a stock of [[Quik Pro]] Deluxe buzzers at its state tournament and endorses Quik Pro for purchase by participating teams. Scholastic Bowl-only programs almost invariably own a Quik Pro Deluxe with the siren-style buzzers; other models appear at regional-level VHSL tournaments only when more active teams that purchased buzzers outside of VHSL's recommendation supply them.<br />
*Off-TV [[College Bowl]] used [[Zeecraft]] Challenger I buzzers at its official events after University Research Company stopped making its prior official buzzer, the Quizamatic, in 1996. The purchase of this model by colleges running intramural tournaments and the subsequent end of the College Bowl campus program may explain this buzzer's frequent appearance on secondhand resale websites.<br />
*The Creative Electronic Designs Quiz Wizard II was the official buzzer used by [[Certamen]] teams. As of 2023, now that the Quiz Wizard II is no longer being made, the NJCL is making and repairing its own systems. As Certamen involves 12 players at a time, not all quizbowl systems are usable for this format. <br />
*Televised high school quizbowl shows that don't build their own custom buzzers through the TV station's engineers often use Zeecrafts with the Showtime activators, which are fairly easily modified to output to a large light in front of a podium.<br />
<br />
The Quik Pro Deluxe "siren" style buzzers provide some advantage in games played before large audiences, as they have by far the largest lights, and the only large lights that are omnidirectional, of any available system. In extreme cases (e.g. national finals games played on stages in hotel conference rooms in front of hundreds of people) there is no out-of-the-box buzzer that lights up brightly enough to overcome the combined effects of the stage lighting and the size of the room, and the audience has to rely on listening to who is answering the question to determine who buzzed. The only way to overcome this is to re-route the light bulb socket in a buzzer that uses lamps (such as certain Zeecraft or NED models) to a larger, more powerful light on the front of the players' table/podium; outside of televised events, this method was once commonly done at the [[National Academic Championship]] and was used for the finals of the 2004 [[PACE NSC]].<br />
<br />
==Gallery of buzzer systems==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Quizco-quizmachine.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The Quiz Machine (aka the "QuizDuck" for its unique quack-like buzzing sound).|alt=alt language<br />
File:20playerquizco.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The 4-team, 20-player version of the Quiz Machine.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Paleogenies-geh.jpg|Manufacturer:Paléogénies<br>Model: Génies-Box used for [[Génies en herbe]] and related competitions in Quebec|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizard1-pitsco.jpg|Manufacturer: Pitsco<br>Model: Quiz Wizard I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizardii-ced.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Electronic Designs<br>Model: Quiz Wizard II aka "The Knot"|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thejudge2.jpg|Manufacturer: Electramatic<br>Model: The Judge|alt=alt language<br />
File:Biblebowl.jpg|Manufacturer:<br>Model: [[Bible Bowl]] system that was produced by third-party builders & also made freely available as a schematic|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe. Quik Pro offers various "deluxe" models with large lights as seen here.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpb.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Basic. This has lights on the control unit only; players need to be aware of which color/number light is theirs.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpcombo.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: New Combo Quik Pro with ergonomic single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:QPcombo_quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: Old-style Combo Quik Pro with rounded single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:Anderson-officiator.jpg|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: Officiator with 10 desktop activators|alt=alt language<br />
File:Officiator16.png|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: 32-player version of the Officiator Deluxe (since discontinued and replaced with the similar Officiator Elite). This comes with either the "paddle" or smaller handheld activators.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-buzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with one handheld activator set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-setup.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with eight desktop activators set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nedchain.png|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: Part of the still-manufactured older design from NED/Buzzersytems.com, which they call the "chain link" system, using Ethernet-style connectors|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger2.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II in the case.|alt=alt language<br />
File:4-1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II view approximating game-usable setup. Note: The distinguishing features of the various Zeecraft models are on the control unit; the different styles of activators are generally interchangeable from one model to another.|alt=alt language<br />
File:S-l1600.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with single-piece style individual light activators. The "BUZZ IN" stickers were applied by the manufacturer and often appear on this model of activator.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger-tabletop.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with the less-often seen large light tabletop units|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger3.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: A Challenger III control unit|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbz.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Full SVBZ system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbzblue.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: A lit-up SVBZ activator with their most common light design.|alt=alt language.<br />
File:Svbz_round.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Large, round activator used in the last years of SVBZ|alt=alt language<br />
File:Bolling-funb.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Funbuzzer with two activators visible|alt=alt language<br />
File:Funbuzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Full view of the Funbuzzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Shomesmartlight.jpg|Manufacturer: Sho-Me Systems<br>Model: Smart Light|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quiz_equipment_basic_quizbox.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: Basic Quiz Box. These systems are modular and are sold with the buyer's choice of control unit/activator unit style combinations.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Buzzer-board-organized.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: "Buzzer Board" marketed to Bible Bowl participants|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qz825.jpg|Manufacturer: UniAsia<br>Model: QZ825, a Hong Kong-manufactured system often seen on eBay for a low cost|alt=alt language<br />
File:Trebisky.jpg|Manufacturer: Trebisky<br>Low-cost China-made system of dubious quality heavily promoted online|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ion-electricals-india.webp|Manufacturer: Ion Electricals<br>Model: System used in [[Indian quizzing]]|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nasco.png|Manufacturer: Nasco<br>Model: Classroom Challenger|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizmaster.png|Manufacturer: Erickson<br>Model: Quizmaster|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamatic.png|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: Classic Quizamatic. The physical bell which produces the sound upon "buzzing" is visible.|alt=alt language<br />
File:8366d3093dc379e431be6e14f8ac7d21.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: The Quizamatic Professional, featuring individual player lights and College Bowl branding.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamaticset.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: One team set up for the Quiz-a-Matic Professional|alt=alt language<br />
File:Esl-slamsystem.png|Manufacturer: ESL<br>Model: Slam System.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Prod_18222294424.jpg|Manufacturer: Trainers' Warehouse<br>Model: Me First Answer Dome (wireless system)|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizsystems-QS2000A.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Systems<br>Model: QS2000A|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1229.webp|Manufacturer: QuizSystems.com<br>Model: Closer view of part of a QuizSystems buzzer system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1232.webp|Manufacturer: Logitek<br>Model: Quiztron|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jembuzzbox.jpg|Manufacturer: JEM<br>Model: Buzz Box|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edapi-questionairre.jpg|Manufacturer: EDAPI<br>Model: Genius Game (showing control unit only without activators)|alt=alt language<br />
File:BigDaddy_10-Player_System_400.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: Big Daddy. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:PowerGrip-wired-full-system-16-9.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: PowerGrip. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Rollsg76.jpg|Manufacturer: Rolls<br>Model: GS76RL|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jbq.jpg|Manufacturer: JBQ<br>Model: "Bar" system formerly used in Junior Bible Quiz|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tanddenterprisesthequizzer.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer in the case|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tdquizzer2.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: Another view of The Quizzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thequizzr3.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer with a lit-up activator|alt=alt language<br />
File:Creative-engineering-gsm-plus.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Imagineering<br>Model: Lockout Plus|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edinsights.jpg|Manufacturer: Educational Insights<br>Model: Quiz Bowl buzzer set|alt=alt language<br />
File:maplin-quizzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Maplin<br>Model: Quizzer/Priority Quiz Buzzer. This system was published as a schematic in a UK electronics hobbyist magazine in 1993, with instructions on including any desired number of individual activators|alt=alt language<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Reference for common buzzer parts & repair tools==<br />
<br />
*Anderson power pack - available on their website http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/replacementparts.html, if using a third-party power supply, set output to 9V and use the 3.5mm connector (off-the-shelf power packs should come with an assortment of connectors)<br />
*Bulbs for Zeecraft "showtime" activators - #47 or #1847 "bayonet" or "pinball" style such as these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09LC968GK (LED) or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00455IHYM (traditional incandescent filament) Note - Modern LED bulbs placed in older Zeecraft systems will glow faintly whenever the system is plugged in, but they will still clearly get much brighter when the player buzzes and are entirely usable for the purposes of a buzzer. If you can get old incandescent bulbs, they won't do this, but they are more expensive, you will have to replace them more often and, at some point in the future, such bulbs will no longer be made.<br />
*Bulbs for NED systems - while these look superficially similar to the Zeecraft bulbs they are not interchangeable. NED sells replacement LED bulbs here: https://buzzersystems.com/product/light-bulb-long-life-red/ and the specs per their page are 12-14V, 25mA, T 3-1/4 BA9S size<br />
*Fuses for QuikPro systems - 0.5 amp 1" x 1 1/4" glass tube, e.g. these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BXHWAM<br />
*Soldering iron for wire connections - any kind, available anywhere hardware is sold<br />
*Crimping kit for RJ11 ("phone jack") and RJ45 ("Ethernet") tab connectors used by QuikPro, Zeecraft, and other manufacturers - https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0756SN86D or any similar kit plus pack of connectors https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008EAK1FM<br />
*Screwdrivers are needed for opening Anderson units to fix sunken bulbs, opening Zeecraft showtime light units to replace the bulbs, and other general repair tasks. These will be included in most crimping kits, otherwise supply your own.<br />
<br />
Keeping the above tools and parts with your buzzer can save a tournament from running short.<br />
<br />
*Buzzer cases: All extant manufacturers sell bags or cases that are intended to fit their buzzers; check the appropriate websites. Otherwise, nearly every system will fit into one of the following options:<br />
**16 or 20 inch toolboxes: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000HD60PE or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0032Y8RIS, also available at any store that sells hardware or fishing supplies<br />
**"Catalog cases" - for example https://www.amazon.com/Solo-New-York-Classic-USLB1514/dp/B000IJ9O8W/ - these are what NED sells for their systems. The difference between a small "catalog case" and a large "laptop case" is somewhat blurry, so look into all options for the dimensions you need.<br />
**Nearly any system besides the full-size Zeecrafts and the Quik Pro Deluxe will fit in an ordinary household storage bin like this: https://www.amazon.com/Tribello-Clear-Plastic-Storage-Containers/dp/B08H8X25XZ which are sold everywhere<br />
**The new miniaturized Anderson system, original-style Quizamatics, and QuizPro basic systems will fit in an average cardboard shoebox.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
*[https://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 So You Want to Buy a Buzzer System]<br />
*[http://www.mattsbuzzers.com/ Matt's Buzzers]<br />
*[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzer Systems]<br />
*[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
*[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ Quik Pro]<br />
*[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Tech]<br />
*[https://www.delcomproducts.com/productdetails.asp?PartNumber=706400-1M Delcom USB Handheld Buzzer]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOMwm8EAXb8 A Quiz-a-Matic buzzer system being tested]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl basics]]<br />
[[Category:Buzzers]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Buzzer&diff=62661Buzzer2023-12-17T18:08:34Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* Gallery of buzzer systems */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Intro}}<br />
<br />
[[File:JudgeBuzzer.jpeg|thumb|The Judge]]<br />
<br />
'''Buzzer system''', '''buzzer''', and '''lockout system''' are the common names for the device used to indicate which player has signaled their desire to answer a question first. Such systems are necessary for all standard quizbowl games because they make it clear which player was the first to attempt to answer a question.<br />
<br />
While using a buzzer system, players '''buzz''' to answer a question. Other players are prevented from buzzing ("locked out") after one player has buzzed until the system is [[cleared|reset]].<br />
<br />
A buzzer system consists of a control unit that sits near the moderator, which connects to individual buttons or paddles held by each player. When a player buzzes in, the system produces a sound and activates a light indicating which player buzzed. Many more expensive systems have individual lights next to each player, while most lower-priced systems have smaller lights or light only on the control unit.<br />
<br />
Almost all [[tournament]]s require some number of teams to bring buzzers in order to have enough to run the tournament properly; for this reason, [[Tournament director]]s usually offer a discount to teams that bring a buzzer. When too few buzzers are present, teams must play [[slapbowl]], where buzzing is indicated by slapping the desk or saying something like "buzz." This is no longer common in the vast majority of modern quizbowl tournaments.<br />
<br />
Online tournaments typically use an online buzzer system like [[Buzzin.live]], which functions for players in much the same way as an in-person buzzer. It is possible to use USB buzzers attached to players' computers as the activator for online buzzers, though this is not necessary and generally either a mouse or a phone touchscreen is used. While physical buzzers may use pure electronic hardware logic to determine who has buzzed first, online systems used in serious tournament play must account for varying Internet speed/lag through various approaches, in order to actually determine who has buzzed first in real time rather than who has the best connection to the server.<br />
<br />
==History of Quizbowl Buzzers==<br />
The earliest quizbowl-style competitions appeared to use either a system of hand-raising (sometimes with other officials activating a buzzer after seeing a hand raised) or shouting the answer before the other team. The [[College Bowl]] TV show implemented a buzzer system as part of its studio set, but [https://web.archive.org/web/20120531092825/https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~quizbowl/newsletters/ACF_Newsletter_9-3.txt portable buzzers took longer to emerge]. The [[Berry]] College team in 1971 created a home-made portable buzzer system while a patent for a portable buzzer system was filed in 1972. Previous "lockout" buzzer systems had been used by [[Bible Bowl]] as early as the 1950s, but they were apparently not very portable. [[John P. Reynolds]] of Dayton, OH, who was likely affiliated with Bible Bowl, is the inventor of the buzzer system under the most straightforward interpretation of the concepts of "inventor" and "buzzer system."<br />
<br />
To be usable in quizbowl, buzzer systems now have some kind of light that indicates who buzzed in first, as well as a sound that alerts the reader to stop reading the question and look for the light. Some older buzzer systems used a mechanical bell or other physical device instead of making a "buzz" sound. All currently manufactured systems play an electronically synthesized tone of some kind, with the QuikPro being closest to an onomatopoeiac "buzz" sound. Most current systems use two or more tones of different pitches and/or lengths, so that which of the teams has buzzed can be determined by sound alone before searching for the individual player using the lights.<br />
<br />
[[File:Bible bowl schematic.png|200px|thumb|center|Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl]] [[File:Bible bowl schematic 2.png|200px|thumb|center|Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl (back)]]<br />
<br />
==Choosing a buzzer system (2019 Em Gunter post)==<br />
<br />
There are many things to take into consideration when deciding which buzzer system to purchase including price, durability, portability, and other factors. Below is a brief overview of [[Em Gunter]]'s [https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 guide to choosing a buzzer system] on the [[hsquizbowl.org forums]]. This covers 4 of the most commonly seen systems that can still be purchased as of March 2020 (thus leaving out [[The Judge]], which appears to be unavailable for purchase anymore, but which due to its near-indestructibility remains present on many circuits).<br />
<br />
===[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzers]: [$265-$290]===<br />
<br />
Anderson buzzers come in two versions: daisy-chained boxes and individual hand-held indicators. purchasing the daisy-chained version is suggested due to their ease of use and high durability. When disassembled these buzzers only have 4 parts making it nearly impossible to accidentally leave part of the system lying around. The control unit is a simple box and each strip of buzzers connects on either side of the unit. These buzzers are extremely durable and are only known to fail in cases of extreme negligence. Andersons are the cheapest and most reliable buzzers that can be purchased and are often recommended over any other system. In general, it is a much better idea to purchase two sets of Andersons rather than a single set of QuikPros or Zeecrafts due to the far superior build of the Andersons. The one downside, however, to Andersons is that the AC adapter for the system is extremely short so purchasing an extension cord is highly suggested.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com Buzzers]: [~$299]===<br />
<br />
The buzzers from BuzzerSystems.com feature a control unit with individual activators contained within boxes that connect to the control unit by audio cables. The control unit features a reset button and 16 ports to allow the support of up to 16 players which is higher than any other commonly found system. Set up of this system is slightly more complicated than the Andersons because you have to plug a cable into each individual activator and a port on the control unit. Players who enjoy holding their activator but are seeking a higher quality or cheaper set will most likely prefer this set over Andersons. The main downside to this system is the quality of the cables that come with the set when you purchase it. When purchasing this system it is recommended that you additionally invest in a set of replacement cables that can be found at Amazon or a local electronics retailer.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ QuikPro Buzzers]: [$289-$489]===<br />
<br />
QuikPro buzzers come in two general types. You either have hand-held activators directly connected to the control unit from a single connection or individual lights with hand-held activators attached. The version with hand-held activators but not lights are generally far more reliable than the version with individual lights. QuikPro buzzers use cables similar to those used for home telephones and the connectors are often prone to snapping. The reset button on QuikPro buzzers can often fail due to poor wiring and may require the splicing of new wire in for continued functionality. The set up of this system is fairly simple but there are many cords that can easily get tangled or damaged which can increase set up and tear down time significantly compared to other systems. <br />
<br />
===[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Buzzers]: [$465-$730]===<br />
<br />
These are by far the most expensive buzzers you can buy and while they look extremely nice they don't hold up very well. Many people have experience with these sets as they commonly show up at various national championship tournaments. Zeecraft systems have 8 individual lights with individual hand-held activators. The individual lights themselves are extremely fragile and will crack or pop off if they fall on the ground or jostle inside the case. The buzzers connect to the control unit using telephone cables and the clips on these tend to snap off quite easily. The craftmanship of Zeecraft buzzers is inferior to that of other systems. The soldering is often messy and these systems fail significantly sooner than other systems available for purchase. Additionally, Zeecrafts are incredibly time-consuming to set up and take even longer to put away due to the barely-big-enough case designed for the system. Taking into account the very high cost and lack of durability it is suggested that you stay away from Zeecraft buzzers for individual team use.<br />
<br />
==Model-specific information==<br />
<br />
This table is intended to aggregate information about all models of buzzer that are usable for ordinary NAQT/ACF-style quizbowl, including those that are no longer manufactured. Systems that may be suitable only for Knowledge Bowl or other peripheral formats will be added in the future.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! Manufacturer<br />
! Model<br />
! Still being made as of 2022?<br />
! Lowest cost for usable system<ref>Lowest possible cost, excluding shipping and carrying case, for a new system in the model line that can currently be ordered from the manufacturer's website and meets [https://www.naqt.com/nationals/buzzer-discount-policy.html NAQT's definition] of an acceptable buzzer. Higher-priced variants with more features (e.g. additional player activators or a different style of activator), or lower-priced systems that are not usable for ordinary quizbowl (e.g. because they have fewer than eight activators), or usable lower-priced models that are no longer offered as new products and can only be acquired secondhand, may also be available. Information was researched and current as of 12/20/22.</ref><br />
! Advantages<br />
! Disadvantages<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Combo Quik Pro<br />
|Yes<br />
|$395<br />
|This newer system is a good balance of the Quik Pro's benefits with innovations to make it more compact and less fragile. The individual activators have a button set in the middle of a light and are permanently hardwired together; the only thing to plug in is one connector per team. The whole system fits in a shoebox and is only a few inches larger than the miniaturized Anderson system so it's one of the most portable. All Quik Pro models except the Basic have a small timer mounted to the system - this can be used for various game timing functions though it is not visible to the players like the Zeecraft timers are.<br />
| Because each team side is permanently hardwired, the individual activators are not modular; if you have an 8-player system and one activator fails then there is no way to "switch it out" and the whole thing has to be sent in for repair. However, the system seems to be fairly durable and may not have this issue often. The only connector in the system is the unusual Quik Pro data port, so there's no off-the-shelf extension available like there is for phone/Ethernet/RCA style cords; conversely, when the connectors are long enough to accommodate a medium-sized classroom, it's recommended to tape them down to the floor to avoid tripping hazards. Repairs for Quik Pro systems tend to be expensive in comparison to other manufacturers.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Basic<br />
|Yes<br />
|$289<br />
|Good loud buzzing sound, affordable cost, extremely compact and easy to set up (just plug it into the wall and you're done).<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$489<br />
|"Siren" style lights are the most visible available and are good for larger rooms or for formats that require recognizing by buzzer color. They are easily recognized as a "buzzer system" even when not plugged in and are a good eye-catching aid in recruitment environments such as activities fairs. Timer included.<br />
|Plastic on sirens cracks fairly easily, especially if you're trying to balance the whole system on a classroom desk where it will inevitably fall off. Recommend using some velcro/tape to secure the components to the desk surface to try to avoid this happening too often. RJ11 connectors have the usual issues (perhaps even more so since unlike the Zeecraft the connector end goes into the individual buzzer rather than the control unit and will be moving around constantly) so be prepared to perform maintenance.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$518<br />
|Strobe may be a good solution for improving visibility in very large rooms. Timer included.<br />
|Same as the Deluxe.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Elite<br />
|Yes<br />
|$448<br />
|By far the simplest and most compact system for accommodating more than 10 players, e.g. at large practices or in certain "Bee" formats. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Handheld/Handpad<br />
|Yes<br />
|$320<br />
|Probably the best connector style for detachable handheld activators - they don't tend to fall out like the NEDs or break like the Zeecraft/QuikPros. Available in cylinder button or "slap-pad" styles. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Tabletop<br />
|Yes<br />
|$290<br />
|Generally considered one of the best values for a new buzzer - despite the issues mentioned here you can usually get a few years out of it before sending it in for a cheap repair. Very appealing when looking at long-term cost of ownership. Variable volume control. Since 2020 or so this system has been offered in a miniaturized version that's easier to transport and so far seems to have fewer of the maintenance issues. Anderson has a good reputation for effective customer service & affordable repairs when needed. The cords from the first buzzer in each team chain to the control unit are fairly long and work for almost any room setup without worrying about purchasing extensions.<br />
|Hard-wired connections on both sides of 8 out of 10 activators mean there is no way to pack the system without stressing and, sooner or later, breaking the wires. Reset button can stick. LEDs on activators will often sink into the unit, though this is fairly easy to repair. Power pack is fragile and is subject to the wire breaking/fraying or the pack simply ceasing to work after a period of time. A lot of players have an annoying habit of covering the light on these systems when they buzz, so you will need to remind people not to do that.<br />
|-<br />
|Boling<ref>This company appears to still be in business but their website is non-secure so the link is not included at this time.</ref><br />
|Funbuzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$445<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://edapi.com/genius-game/?lang=en Edapi]<br />
|Genius Game<br />
|Yes<br />
|~$365<ref>This is a Quebec-based company which lists prices on its website in Canadian dollars. As of December 2022 the base price is CAD$495 which is US$364. Exchange rates vary over time and additional charges related to shipping or customs when ordering from the U.S. may apply.</ref><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|10-Player Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$360<br />
|Of the major manufacturers, NED systems are probably the most historically reliable in terms of need for repair per hour of use, and they tend to accumulate less visible wear and tear over time than similarly priced systems.<br />
|The RCA-style connectors used in these systems are imperfect and are too easily yanked out by normal movement or loosened over time. Securing the connections with additional tape etc. is recommended if feasible for your use conditions. This model doesn't have lights in front of the players.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|High-Visibility Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$559<br />
|Same as other NED systems plus larger individual desktop lights.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$645<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|The handheld activators that go to the desktop units have the same issue as other NED systems with RCA connectors. The other connectors in this system are eight-pin style similar to Anderson connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Team-Box Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$475<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player). Same issue with RCA connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Traditional Buzzer System – BASIC<br />
|Yes<br />
|$339<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Who's Next? Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$399<br />
|Offers a functionality for determining who buzzed second, third, etc that can be switched on or off as desired.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|A/G Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$465<br />
|Quiz Equipment activators are all modular and are available in various form factors including slap-pads and handheld cylinders.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Basic Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$305<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Quizbowl Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$436<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|World Bible Quiz system<br />
|Yes<br />
|$535<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[http://quizsystems.com/products.htm QuizSystems]<br />
|QS2000A<br />
|Yes<br />
|$260<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://rolls.com/product/GS76RL Rolls]<br />
|GS76RL Game Show Controller<br />
|?<br />
|Lists for $189 new though currently sold out, not sure if more are being manufactured<br />
|Compact but still has individual lights<br />
|The reset button does not clear the system if someone is holding down one of the activator buttons<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.trebisky.com/product-page/trebisky-game-show-buzzer-standalone-system-w-led-light-buttons-8-player Trebisky]<br />
|Game Show Buzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$90<br />
|The lowest-priced new system, and is sold through Amazon so has lots of payment options.<br />
| ''Extremely'' fragile system using very cheap components that is likely to arrive with at least one activator already broken. There is no way that this system will stand up to the ordinary wear and tear of travel or game use. The system as designed theoretically meets tournament usability requirements, but in reality is probably not suited for actual quizbowl team needs and is better used for non-quizbowl classroom or entertainment applications.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://tripleqquestions.com/product/8-player-sho-me-smart-light-buzzer-system/ Triple-Q/Sho-Me]<br />
|Smart Light<br />
|Yes<br />
|$450<br />
|The images of this system look identical to the JBQ bar system - possibly the original manufacturer was acquired by Triple Q?<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|UniAsia<ref>This company appears to still be in business but does not have a website that I could find.</ref><br />
|QZ-825<br />
|Yes<br />
|$115<br />
|At this price, if you can get 2 years out of them, it's probably worth it even if they don't last longer than that.<br />
|From pictures, this seems to be basically the same design as the no-longer-made SVBZ buzzers, which proved somewhat fragile and difficult to set up.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger I<br />
|Yes<br />
|$495<br />
|All Challenger models accommodate either the "regular buzzer" (unit with button and small light for each player), the "Showtime handgrip" ("trigger" style buzzer with separate large rectangular light unit for each player), or the "Showtime tabletop" (the smaller square light unit). Loud buzzing tone that's less harsh than the QuikPro.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair. The Showtime handgrips have large plastic covers that will probably crack if dropped repeatedly; as with the Quik Pro Deluxe, you should try to secure them to the table when using to avoid this. Properly setting up and repacking the system, including using velcro or tape to avoid damage to the Showtime units, takes longer than any other currently manufactured buzzer (though not as long as the SVBZ).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger II<br />
|Yes<br />
|$610<br />
|Various built-in timing functions; can show a visible countdown for an NAQT-style game clock or rules such as 5 seconds per bonus part, etc.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger III<br />
|Yes<br />
|$720<br />
|Adds lights on the control unit to the Challenger II features.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Discover<br />
|Yes<br />
|$365<br />
|<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Deluxe<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Officiator Elite is now offered instead.<br />
|Has an LED screen on the control unit to display certain information about buzzing order.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Creative Electronic Designs<br />
|Quiz Wizard II<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can accommodate 16 players in large practice environments etc. Generally fairly durable; one or two buzzers may go dead but these systems are well over 20 years old and are still seen from time to time. Long cords.<br />
|Everything is hardwired together, which combined with the cord length means it can become tangled, hence "The Knot." No way to do individual activator repairs. This system has no lights at all; when a player buzzes, the moderator must read their buzzer number from an LCD screen. Annoyingly, the buzzers are numbered A1 through A4, B1 through B4, C1 through C4, and D1 through D4, which means you shouldn't use both D and B in a game since those are hard to distinguish. The buzzer numbers inscribed on the activators wear off over time so the only way to determine the numbers is for everyone to remember what comes up at the buzzer check. The additional step of calling out the buzzer number means that these systems should probably not be used in timed games (e.g. official NAQT national events). For a "barebones" system with no special features, the unit is surprisingly large; it takes up about as much space as a Quik Pro Deluxe or other system that uses that space to provide individual light units to each player.<br />
|-<br />
|Educational Technologies<br />
|Inquisitor<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Electramatic<br />
|The Judge<br />
|???<br />
|Electramatic has always had a very basic and uninformative web presence. It may still be possible to order this system by phone, or not.<br />
|Simple setup (basically just take the single hard-wired mass of equipment out of the case).<br />
|Breaks easily, especially the covers on the lights which protrude from the case and are not protected in any way. Everything being hardwired together with relatively short cords means that there's little flexibility in adapting to room setups and it's extremely easy for one errant move to drag the whole system to the floor. No lights in front of individual players. Confusing "timer" function on the reset switch often causes problems with uncleared buzzers in games.<br />
|-<br />
|JEM<br />
|Buzz Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Logitek<br />
|Quiztron<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|Buzzer lights are encased in the most enormous pieces of translucent plastic known in any buzzer system, with twelve panes over a foot long used in each system. This means they are very easily cracked and the remaining examples of these buzzers all look very beat-up.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Deluxe System<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System is now offered instead.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Paléogénies<br />
|Génies-Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pitsco<br />
|Quiz Wizard I<br />
|No<br />
|Pitsco Education is still in business and will likely be able to repair old systems, but they no longer manufacture new buzzers. <br />
|Very durable, compact, easy-to-set-up system.<br />
|Lights on console only, no individual player lights. The system does a 3-second "self-test" routine every time it is reset rather than just when initially powered up, which is annoying and in timed formats possibly makes it unusable.<br />
|-<br />
|QuizCo<br />
|The Quiz Machine<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can extend lengths with off-the-shelf RCA cords.<br />
|Electronic design of this system is completely dependent on "daisy chain" signal pass-through; one dead activator or cord will make every subsequent unit in the string unusable, so testing and avoiding disturbing the cords throughout the game becomes even more important than usual. System exhibits other weird behavior at times (e.g., touching anything conductive to the cord ports will cause the buzzer to go off).<br />
|-<br />
|SVBZ<br />
|SVBZ System<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Both an AC adapter and a battery powered mode (9-volt) are available by default.<br />
|This system uses a huge tree of wires to connect the activators to the control unit and must be totally pulled apart and separated (preferably in individual plastic bags or similar) before being repacked. If you try to pack it up without undoing all the connections even once it will become a hopeless tangle and require 15+ minutes of work to get back to a usable state. Components are cheap and fail often. With SVBZ out of business and the system out of warranty, you should only use this system if you can acquire 2 of them, as that is the only way to have a reasonable shot at pulling enough working parts to make one fully usable system. All connections need to be pushed together as tightly as possible or buzzers will stop working and you will have to hunt through the spiderweb of wires to find the problem. Many people find the buzzing noise on this system to be harsh/unpleasant.<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic Professional<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Adds individual colored lights and a detachable handheld cylinder-button activator to the original Q-a-M design. Branded with College Bowl logo.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Very reliable system with many units from 30+ years ago still functioning in quizbowl. Extremely good ergonomics on the button design, and a quaint "bell" sound is used for the buzzing noise.<br />
|Each team side is hardwired together, so there is a possibility of wire stress when packing and it's not possible to replace just one buzzer. With the company defunct, unless you can figure out how to fix the electronics on your own, once the unit goes below 8 working activators it's done for.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes on buying used buzzers==<br />
<br />
Buzzer systems fairly often appear on resale websites, primarily eBay but also sometimes Etsy, Goodwill, and government auction aggregators. Often these were buzzers owned by secondary schools which closed and whose movable property was sold as a lot to a dealer, or systems formerly owned by non-quizbowl campus groups such as college activities offices affiliated with now-defunct programs (e.g. ACUI College Bowl).<br />
<br />
*Don't buy a buzzer that won't be usable - the most common system seen here is the Trebisky Game Show Buzzer, which is marketed to a more general audience than quizbowl and primarily uses eBay and Amazon to reach buyers. As mentioned above, while information on this system is included because its technical layout meets the criteria for quizbowl buzzers, it is not a good choice for a quizbowl team and will basically be a waste of money (or time as you return it). The UniAsia QZ-825 also appears on eBay very often; it's possible that this is a more reliable system, but it has not been seen in mainstream quizbowl yet and nothing can be said for sure.<br />
*Extend your search terms- Most people making these sales are not "quizbowl people" and are guessing at what the item is called. Search for "quiz buzzer," "lockout system," "trivia," brand names such as Quik Pro, Zeecraft, etc., and be prepared to scroll past a lot of false positives.<br />
*Read terms- A lot of bulk sellers will, as a policy, not test or guarantee any electronics. Buying an "as-is" buzzer system is a needless risk and should generally be treated as code for "buying a non-working system." Sometimes, smaller sellers will be willing to plug in and test a system if you tell them how to do it - remember, they are not quizbowl people, they will need a little nudge as to what you are looking for.<br />
*The value proposition of a used buzzer is totally different than a new one because you are getting a discount. The reasons that it might not make sense to pay $700 for a Zeecraft become almost irrelevant if someone is selling the same unit for $100. The least expensive new buzzers that are generally expected to be usable over the long term include the $289 QuikPro Basic, the $290 Anderson Officiator Tabletop, and the $360 NED 10-Player. If your budget is lower and you can at least be assured that what you are buying is returnable if it doesn't work, then almost any model of buzzer at substantially less than $289 becomes a good deal.<br />
*Don't be afraid to negotiate, including using eBay's offer system. Most sellers have no idea what prices "should" be and are open to considering lowering prices, especially if the item has been on sale for a while. The inverse of the above point is - if I can get a brand new buzzer for $290 then why would I pay $500 for one that's used, banged up, covered in pieces of tape and writing that says Blahville Middle School, etc? Many sellers will find this persuasive.<br />
*Discuss lowering shipping costs as well. Most systems can be sent through regular USPS for less than $30. If someone insists on charging more and this brings the total cost of the purchase beyond what makes sense, let them know.<br />
*Know what can be repaired on your end - burnt out light bulbs, broken phone jacks, etc. are easy; completely nonfunctional electronic boards aren't. Once you know what you can repair, see what discounted "broken" systems may not be so broken after all. A system that is still supported but is missing one or two working activators might still prove a good deal after calculating the total cost of buying the used system and ordering replacement activators from the manufacturer.<br />
<br />
Overall, buying used can be a great option for those on a very limited budget or clubs looking to buy a second or third buzzer in an open-ended timeframe. You will almost always find something usable for under $200 if you know how to search and have a little patience. The more of these units that are brought back into the mainstream quizbowl ecosystem, the better it will be for the issue of supplying buzzers to tournaments.<br />
<br />
==Purchasing a buzzer system==<br />
<br />
New quiz bowl programs commonly ask how and where to buy a buzzer system. Overtime all buzzers break down, so it is often better to purchase more durable systems such as Andersons, which are the cheapest and provide good warranties, than to a more expensive system because it looks better or you have heard rumors that it is less likely to fail. Local civic organizations are a good place to reach out to if your school division denies funding for a buzzer system.<br />
<br />
There are other concerns about buying a buzzer system for quiz bowl:<br />
*Quiz bowl does not use "self-resetting" systems; you should buy a buzzer with a moderator reset button.<br />
*Wireless buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play due to the potential for lag.<br />
*Phone- and tablet-based buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play and serious practice due to the potential for distraction or cheating by using such devices' other functions.<br />
*Battery-operated buzzer systems will require you to always keep spare batteries in the case in the event of a mid-tournament battery failure. For tournament use, systems plugging into building power are preferred (it helps to keep an extension cord in the case because some rooms have inconveniently-located power outlets).<br />
*Individual player lights on or next to each player's buzzer make it easier for everyone to recognize who has buzzed in first.<br />
<br />
===[[Matt's Buzzers]]===<br />
<br />
Matt's Buzzers is a charity set up by Sheryl and Mike Cvijanovich, the parents of [[Matt Cvijanovich]]. It awards grants to teams seeking to buy buzzer systems. These grants are given in Matt's honor.<br />
<br />
===Buzzer exhibit===<br />
<br />
The Fondren Library at [[Rice]] University displays three buzzer systems formerly used by the Rice team as part of an exhibit on the history of Rice's quizbowl program.<br />
<br />
===Terminology===<br />
<br />
"Buzzer system" (used in most mainstream quizbowl) and "lockout system" (used in College Bowl) are the most common terms. Game shows such as ''Jeopardy!'' that use similar systems refer to them as a "signaling device." The terms "indicator system," "lockout/indicator," and "quiz box" are seen occasionally.<br />
<br />
The rules of at least two high school leagues in 2022 (one in Ohio and one in Georgia) still use the trademarked model name "Quiz-a-Matic" to refer to buzzers in general, despite the fact that the Quiz-a-Matic has not been manufactured since 1996, suggesting that this system was once so common that its name began to genericize.<br />
<br />
==Official systems==<br />
<br />
While almost all tournaments allow any buzzer that meets their technical requirements and rarely have the luxury of turning away any working buzzers supplied by teams, some models are more common in certain environments:<br />
*[[NHBB]] endorses the [[Anderson]] Officiator to teams and uses that model for their company-owned reserve of buzzers.<br />
*[[NAQT]] owns several dozen [[NED]] buzzers and does, or formerly did, have many company-owned [[Judge]]s as well.<br />
*[[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]] uses a stock of [[Quik Pro]] Deluxe buzzers at its state tournament and endorses Quik Pro for purchase by participating teams. Scholastic Bowl-only programs almost invariably own a Quik Pro Deluxe with the siren-style buzzers; other models appear at regional-level VHSL tournaments only when more active teams that purchased buzzers outside of VHSL's recommendation supply them.<br />
*Off-TV [[College Bowl]] used [[Zeecraft]] Challenger I buzzers at its official events after University Research Company stopped making its prior official buzzer, the Quizamatic, in 1996. The purchase of this model by colleges running intramural tournaments and the subsequent end of the College Bowl campus program may explain this buzzer's frequent appearance on secondhand resale websites.<br />
*The Creative Electronic Designs Quiz Wizard II was the official buzzer used by [[Certamen]] teams. As of 2023, now that the Quiz Wizard II is no longer being made, the NJCL is making and repairing its own systems. As Certamen involves 12 players at a time, not all quizbowl systems are usable for this format. <br />
*Televised high school quizbowl shows that don't build their own custom buzzers through the TV station's engineers often use Zeecrafts with the Showtime activators, which are fairly easily modified to output to a large light in front of a podium.<br />
<br />
The Quik Pro Deluxe "siren" style buzzers provide some advantage in games played before large audiences, as they have by far the largest lights, and the only large lights that are omnidirectional, of any available system. In extreme cases (e.g. national finals games played on stages in hotel conference rooms in front of hundreds of people) there is no out-of-the-box buzzer that lights up brightly enough to overcome the combined effects of the stage lighting and the size of the room, and the audience has to rely on listening to who is answering the question to determine who buzzed. The only way to overcome this is to re-route the light bulb socket in a buzzer that uses lamps (such as certain Zeecraft or NED models) to a larger, more powerful light on the front of the players' table/podium; outside of televised events, this method was once commonly done at the [[National Academic Championship]] and was used for the finals of the 2004 [[PACE NSC]].<br />
<br />
==Gallery of buzzer systems==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Quizco-quizmachine.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The Quiz Machine (aka the "QuizDuck" for its unique quack-like buzzing sound).|alt=alt language<br />
File:20playerquizco.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The 4-team, 20-player version of the Quiz Machine.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Paleogenies-geh.jpg|Manufacturer:Paléogénies<br>Model: Génies-Box used for [[Génies en herbe]] and related competitions in Quebec|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizard1-pitsco.jpg|Manufacturer: Pitsco<br>Model: Quiz Wizard I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizardii-ced.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Electronic Designs<br>Model: Quiz Wizard II aka "The Knot"|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thejudge2.jpg|Manufacturer: Electramatic<br>Model: The Judge|alt=alt language<br />
File:Biblebowl.jpg|Manufacturer:<br>Model: [[Bible Bowl]] system that was produced by third-party builders & also made freely available as a schematic|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe. Quik Pro offers various "deluxe" models with large lights as seen here.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpb.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Basic. This has lights on the control unit only; players need to be aware of which color/number light is theirs.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpcombo.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: New Combo Quik Pro with ergonomic single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:QPcombo_quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: Old-style Combo Quik Pro with rounded single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:Anderson-officiator.jpg|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: Officiator with 10 desktop activators|alt=alt language<br />
File:Officiator16.png|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: 32-player version of the Officiator Deluxe (since discontinued and replaced with the similar Officiator Elite). This comes with either the "paddle" or smaller handheld activators.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-buzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with one handheld activator set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-setup.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with eight desktop activators set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nedchain.png|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: Part of the still-manufactured older design from NED/Buzzersytems.com, which they call the "chain link" system, using Ethernet-style connectors|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger2.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II in the case.|alt=alt language<br />
File:4-1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II view approximating game-usable setup. Note: The distinguishing features of the various Zeecraft models are on the control unit; the different styles of activators are generally interchangeable from one model to another.|alt=alt language<br />
File:S-l1600.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with single-piece style individual light activators. The "BUZZ IN" stickers were applied by the manufacturer and often appear on this model of activator.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger-tabletop.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with the less-often seen large light tabletop units|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger3.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: A Challenger III control unit|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbz.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Full SVBZ system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbzblue.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: A lit-up SVBZ activator with their most common light design.|alt=alt language.<br />
File:Svbz_round.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Large, round activator used in the last years of SVBZ|alt=alt language<br />
File:Bolling-funb.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Funbuzzer with two activators visible|alt=alt language<br />
File:Funbuzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Full view of the Funbuzzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Shomesmartlight.jpg|Manufacturer: Sho-Me Systems<br>Model: Smart Light|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quiz_equipment_basic_quizbox.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: Basic Quiz Box. These systems are modular and are sold with the buyer's choice of control unit/activator unit style combinations.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Buzzer-board-organized.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: "Buzzer Board" marketed to Bible Bowl participants|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qz825.jpg|Manufacturer: UniAsia<br>Model: QZ825, a Hong Kong-manufactured system often seen on eBay for a low cost|alt=alt language<br />
File:Trebisky.jpg|Manufacturer: Trebisky<br>Low-cost China-made system of dubious quality heavily promoted online|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ion-electricals-india.webp|Manufacturer: Ion Electricals<br>Model: System used in [[Indian quizzing]]|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nasco.png|Manufacturer: Nasco<br>Model: Classroom Challenger|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizmaster.png|Manufacturer: Erickson<br>Model: Quizmaster|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamatic.png|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: Classic Quizamatic. The physical bell which produces the sound upon "buzzing" is visible.|alt=alt language<br />
File:8366d3093dc379e431be6e14f8ac7d21.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: The Quizamatic Professional, featuring individual player lights and College Bowl branding.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamaticset.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: One team set up for the Quiz-a-Matic Professional|alt=alt language<br />
File:Esl-slamsystem.png|Manufacturer: ESL<br>Model: Slam System.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Prod_18222294424.jpg|Manufacturer: Trainers' Warehouse<br>Model: Me First Answer Dome (wireless system)|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizsystems-QS2000A.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Systems<br>Model: QS2000A|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1229.webp|Manufacturer: QuizSystems.com<br>Model: Closer view of part of a QuizSystems buzzer system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1232.webp|Manufacturer: Logitek<br>Model: Quiztron|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jembuzzbox.jpg|Manufacturer: JEM<br>Model: Buzz Box|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edapi-questionairre.jpg|Manufacturer: EDAPI<br>Model: Genius Game (showing control unit only without activators)|alt=alt language<br />
File:BigDaddy_10-Player_System_400.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: Big Daddy. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:PowerGrip-wired-full-system-16-9.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: PowerGrip. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Rollsg76.jpg|Manufacturer: Rolls<br>Model: GS76RL|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jbq.jpg|Manufacturer: JBQ<br>Model: "Bar" system formerly used in Junior Bible Quiz|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tanddenterprisesthequizzer.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer in the case|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tdquizzer2.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: Another view of The Quizzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thequizzr3.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer with a lit-up activator|alt=alt language<br />
File:Creative-engineering-gsm-plus.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Imagineering<br>Model: Lockout Plus|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edinsights.jpg|Manufacturer: Educational Insights<br>Model: Quiz Bowl buzzer set|alt=alt language<br />
File:maplin-quizzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Maplin<br>Model: Quizzer/Priority Quiz Buzzer. This system was published as a schematic in a UK electronics hobbyist magazine in 1993, with instructions on including any desired number of individual activators|alt=alt language<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Reference for common buzzer parts & repair tools==<br />
<br />
*Anderson power pack - available on their website http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/replacementparts.html, if using a third-party power supply, set output to 9V and use the 3.5mm connector (off-the-shelf power packs should come with an assortment of connectors)<br />
*Bulbs for Zeecraft "showtime" activators - #47 or #1847 "bayonet" or "pinball" style such as these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09LC968GK (LED) or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00455IHYM (traditional incandescent filament) Note - Modern LED bulbs placed in older Zeecraft systems will glow faintly whenever the system is plugged in, but they will still clearly get much brighter when the player buzzes and are entirely usable for the purposes of a buzzer. If you can get old incandescent bulbs, they won't do this, but they are more expensive, you will have to replace them more often and, at some point in the future, such bulbs will no longer be made.<br />
*Bulbs for NED systems - while these look superficially similar to the Zeecraft bulbs they are not interchangeable. NED sells replacement LED bulbs here: https://buzzersystems.com/product/light-bulb-long-life-red/ and the specs per their page are 12-14V, 25mA, T 3-1/4 BA9S size<br />
*Fuses for QuikPro systems - 0.5 amp 1" x 1 1/4" glass tube, e.g. these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BXHWAM<br />
*Soldering iron for wire connections - any kind, available anywhere hardware is sold<br />
*Crimping kit for RJ11 ("phone jack") and RJ45 ("Ethernet") tab connectors used by QuikPro, Zeecraft, and other manufacturers - https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0756SN86D or any similar kit plus pack of connectors https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008EAK1FM<br />
*Screwdrivers are needed for opening Anderson units to fix sunken bulbs, opening Zeecraft showtime light units to replace the bulbs, and other general repair tasks. These will be included in most crimping kits, otherwise supply your own.<br />
<br />
Keeping the above tools and parts with your buzzer can save a tournament from running short.<br />
<br />
*Buzzer cases: All extant manufacturers sell bags or cases that are intended to fit their buzzers; check the appropriate websites. Otherwise, nearly every system will fit into one of the following options:<br />
**16 or 20 inch toolboxes: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000HD60PE or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0032Y8RIS, also available at any store that sells hardware or fishing supplies<br />
**"Catalog cases" - for example https://www.amazon.com/Solo-New-York-Classic-USLB1514/dp/B000IJ9O8W/ - these are what NED sells for their systems. The difference between a small "catalog case" and a large "laptop case" is somewhat blurry, so look into all options for the dimensions you need.<br />
**Nearly any system besides the full-size Zeecrafts and the Quik Pro Deluxe will fit in an ordinary household storage bin like this: https://www.amazon.com/Tribello-Clear-Plastic-Storage-Containers/dp/B08H8X25XZ which are sold everywhere<br />
**The new miniaturized Anderson system, original-style Quizamatics, and QuizPro basic systems will fit in an average cardboard shoebox.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
*[https://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 So You Want to Buy a Buzzer System]<br />
*[http://www.mattsbuzzers.com/ Matt's Buzzers]<br />
*[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzer Systems]<br />
*[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
*[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ Quik Pro]<br />
*[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Tech]<br />
*[https://www.delcomproducts.com/productdetails.asp?PartNumber=706400-1M Delcom USB Handheld Buzzer]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOMwm8EAXb8 A Quiz-a-Matic buzzer system being tested]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl basics]]<br />
[[Category:Buzzers]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=File:Maplin-quizzer.jpg&diff=62660File:Maplin-quizzer.jpg2023-12-17T18:05:47Z<p>Matt Weiner: Maplin Quizzer</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Maplin Quizzer</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Brains&diff=62606Battle of the Brains2023-12-09T09:52:29Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Battle of the Brains''' is a a high school televised quizbowl competition in Virginia, currently airing on Saturday mornings on WTVR (CBS 6) in the Richmond area and on WTKR (CBS 3) in Hampton Roads. It was first televised in 1979 for Richmond-area schools.<br />
<br />
Prior to 2005, all participants in the show came from the greater Richmond area, viewed as counties that include or border those intersected by a rough quadrilateral formed by Charlottesville, Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, and Petersburg. The Hampton Roads area ran a separate TV event, [[Tidewater Challenge]], for much of this time. From 2005 to 2009, a second Battle of the Brains tournament was run in the Hampton Roads area, labeled "Southeast Virginia" and open to area schools including some from the far northeast corner of North Carolina, with the winners of the two tournaments meeting in a "Champion's Challenge" similar to the [[It's Academic]] Superbowl.<br />
<br />
Since the 2010 season, there has again been only one tournament including both Richmond and Virginia Beach-area teams as well as some from further afield. There are no formal published guidelines as to what area a school must be from to participate. In practice, the rule seems to be that any team in Virginia that is not part of the DC-area It's Academic show and is willing to make the drive to the WTVR studio in Richmond on tape dates is eligible to enter the pool of interested participants. Teams from Richmond, Hampton Roads, and Charlottesville, as well as several schools from up to 200 miles away, notably [[Cave Spring]], all appear on the show regularly and compete in the same bracket, even if they are outside the broadcast area reached by the show itself. WTVR is available only as a cable station in Charlottesville, which is a separate broadcast market from Richmond with a different over-the-air CBS affiliate, and is not carried at all in Roanoke.<br />
<br />
==Broadcast history==<br />
<br />
[[File:1979ad.jpg|thumb|An ad for the first televised tournament, featuring four Chesterfield County schools in April 1979.]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1980article.jpg|thumb|An article about the first 32-team, all-Richmond tournament, which concluded in June 1980.]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1980final.jpg|thumb|The finals of the 1980 tournament, between [[Douglas Freeman]] and [[Hermitage]].]]<br />
<br />
===Stations & Hosts===<br />
<br />
[[It's Academic]] and [[High School Bowl]] aired intermittently in the Richmond area from the mid-1960s through 1976. In 1976, [[Julian Porter]] created the Battle of the Brains tournament as an intramural tournament for [[Meadowbrook]] High School after previously running one-off quizbowl exhibition games between student and teacher teams at Meadowbrook as an end-of-year activity. In 1977 and 1978 the tournament became an interscholastic event for Chesterfield County schools, and in 1978 the finals match was televised on the local PBS station. In 1979 the tournament expanded to all of Central Virginia and was televised in its entirety. Al Moffitt moderated the original intramural competition. [[Frank Soden]] was the longtime host of the PBS program until his 1994 retirement, being joined for one season by [[Bill King]]. Soden, who was a familiar broadcast voice of minor league baseball and college sports in Richmond dating back to the early 1950s, lent the program an immediate dose of credibility. [[Ken Curtis]] also hosted the show at some point. Garret Chester hosted for one season in 1995. From 1996 to 2002, the show was hosted by [[May-Lily Lee]], a longtime broadcast journalist in Virginia who was perhaps better known as the host of the public affairs program ''Virginia Currents'' and also had a brief [http://www.cybozone.com/fg/lee.html music career]. [[Michelle Gary]] hosted on RICH in 2003, and [[Cheryl Miller]] has hosted since 2004.<br />
<br />
In 1997 the name was changed to "Challenge 23" (because the PBS station was broadcast on UHF channel 23). This name was retained until the show was cancelled by WCVE in 2002 for, according to the WCVE producers, having "no measurable viewership." Julian Porter brought the show first to RICH-TV (a local cable access station) in 2003, and then to the local CBS affiliate in 2004, reclaiming the Battle of the Brains name. Starting in 2004, a second tournament was added for the Virginia Beach/Norfolk/Newport News area, under the name "Southeast Virginia." The winners of the two tournaments play in the "Champions Challenge," which, along with an all-star game where every player competes for himself, was added to the taping schedule as a post-finals event. Cheryl Miller has been the host of the Richmond tournament and the Champions Challenge since the move to WTVR. Stephanie Harris hosted all five seasons of the Hampton Roads version.<br />
<br />
Since 2011, the show has offered a mail-in "brain teaser" each week, in which members of the viewing public can win "a trip to the Outer Banks or Pirates' Cove."<br />
<br />
===Timeslot===<br />
<br />
During the live era, episodes were always transmitted at 8 PM on Thursday evenings. This continued well into the taped period. Since the move off PBS, the show has aired on Saturday mornings, currently at 10 AM.<br />
<br />
==Sponsorship==<br />
<br />
From the first all-televised tournament in 1979 until sometime in the mid-1980s, the show was sponsored by grocery store chain Safeway. From the end of Safeway sponsorship until the end of the PBS era in 2002, the show was sponsored by Richmond-area grocery/religion conglomerate Ukrop's, which awarded $1000 and a cake to the winning team. From its move to CBS until 2010, it was sponsored by the Virginia Lottery (despite all contestants on the show being legally under the minimum age to buy lottery tickets). Since 2010, the show has been sponsored by the Virginia 529 College Savings Plan, which airs the majority of commercials during the broadcast.<br />
<br />
==Questions/Format==<br />
<br />
During some seasons in the 1990s, questions were provided by [[Answers Plus]] after previously sourcing from [[Lloyd Busch]]'s question set originally used in Atlanta-area [[High Q]]. A special [[NAQT]] set was used from the mid-00s through 2008. According to a June 2009 email between Julian Porter and [[Dave Porter]] (no relation!), the 2008-2009 questions came from "several 'professional' question writing companies" and that the show receives "questions from our team of educational consultants." It is believed that the questions are a mix of recycled material from all suppliers who contributed to the first three decades of the show, combined with [[current events]] and [[trash|popular culture]] added by the producers.<br />
<br />
The show has experimented with several different match formats over the years, including a standard [[four quarter]] setup and a modified four quarter with the bonus or category rounds replaced with visual-based clues (such as a "Picture This" round where pyramidal clues were read about an object as a picture of the object was slowly uncovered). In the waning years of Challenge 23, the category round was replaced with a "spelling round," which led to some teams replacing their normal fourth player with a spelling specialist. <br />
<br />
Minor or major changes to the game format occur at the start of nearly every season. For the 2013-2014 season, the format was one phase of tossups, a category round in which each team chooses one category from three available, a second phase of tossups, and a third, final phase of tossups in which all point values are doubled. This format continued with only small changes through the most recent year of buzzer-based competition in 2019-2020. The Zoom tournaments did not use buzzers or similar online tools and modified the game format to ask questions of only one team at a time.<br />
<br />
A feature of the tournament during the Challenge 23 era was its awarding of the single paper set of questions used in each year's competition to the tournament winner. Thus, past champions could view judge's notes, running scores, and other information written on the packets while holding exclusive access to certain practice material.<br />
<br />
Until 1992 every episode of the show was broadcast live; from 1993 to 2002, only the finals were. The show has been entirely taped in advance since 2003. The show tapes on Wednesday or Thursday afternoons during or after school, and does not interfere with weekend quizbowl invitationals. This has been the case since 1979 and has been a boon to the peaceful co-existence of BoB with Virginia quizbowl, proving that such an arrangement is feasible despite the claims of [[It's Academic]] defenders that weekday taping is impossible for some reason.<br />
<br />
The majority of questions, which are not sourced from the NAQT sets, are generally not intended to meet current standards of [[pyramidal]] quizbowl. [[Computational math]] and spelling questions are used and other questions are generally of the "one-line" variety.<br />
<br />
===Tournament Format===<br />
<br />
The format has always been a straight single-elimination bracket. Sometimes, more teams than a straight power of 2 are invited to participate, necessitating an opening play-in round in which most teams have byes.<br />
<br />
Usually, if there is more interest in the tournament than spots available, teams are selected by a written exam held either at the start of the school year in which the season is taped, or at the end of the prior year (with graduating seniors ineligible to participate in their team's score). Other methods have been proposed or used, including at least one year when the field was selected by mass e-mailing the coach contact list and announcing that the first 40 schools to reply to the e-mail would be invited. Suggestions to rotate participation to rarely-represented schools by requiring schools to take a year off from the tournament after winning or after participating a certain number of times have been floated but not actually used. The first written exam was given in 1991; it is unclear how the cutoff for participation was determined in the prior years.<br />
<br />
==== WCVE Format (1980s-2002) ====<br />
<br />
After the tournament size was increased from 32 to 40 schools, the teams were seeded into five eight-team brackets, based on their scores on a pre-season written exam. Teams were arranged into the brackets by working inward from the highest and lowest ends of those scores. The top team went into bracket 1, second into bracket 2, etc., with team 6 going back into bracket 1; from the other side, the 40th team also went into bracket 1, 39th team into bracket 2, etc. This ensured a roughly-even distribution of test scores across the five brackets, while also pitting the highest- and lowest-seeded teams directly against each other in the first rounds, making for spectacular but lopsided scores in many early games.<br />
<br />
The five winners of these single-elimination brackets entered a two-and-a-half round tournament to decide the year's champions. The five teams were seeded according to total score over their three bracket games, regardless of the original rankings from the written test results. The fourth- and fifth-seeded bracket winners played a qualifier game; the winner of this game played against the first seed in the semifinal. The other semifinal game matched the second and third seeds. The winners of these two semifinal games then met in the finals.<br />
<br />
As a consequence of this format, the final results for first, second, and fifth place overall were all clear, while the official scoring for which team finished third or fourth overall was more murky; there was no "bronze-medal game" for the losing teams from the semifinal matches.<br />
<br />
==== WTVR Format (since 2003) ====<br />
<br />
In the WTVR era the show has generally used the 32 or 36 team format with either a straight single-elimination bracket or four play-in games followed by the power-of-2 bracket.<br />
<br />
Since the move to WTVR in 2003-04, an all-star game has been played, in which eight selected players from the season all play a tossup-heavy game, with the highest individual score winning. During the Champion's Challenge era, each market had its own all-star game.<br />
<br />
==Famous incidents==<br />
<br />
In 1988, the championship was won on a sudden-death tiebreaker question, which began "The Netherlands...." and was successfully interrupted by a Meadowbrook player with "euthanasia."<br />
<br />
At some point during the all-live era of the tournament, a scoreboard mounted on top of the set fell onto the players during the game.<br />
<br />
The 2012 semifinal featuring [[Maggie Walker]]'s first loss in seven years was never broadcast, for unknown reasons. Other episodes that are announced in the prior week and show up with results on the bracket are occasionally skipped from airing, presumably due to technical malfunctions at taping.<br />
<br />
The custom buzzer system used for the show in the early 2000s did not have a way to disable the buzzer during periods when players were not supposed to buzz in. During a round where a player failed to understand the rules (a "Picture This" sequence in which the clue had to be completed before buzzing in) a player repeatedly hit the buzzer and yelled "it's a tiger!" every time the judges reset the system.<br />
<br />
This [https://www.facebook.com/cbs6wtvr/posts/447262952425 now-dead link] features a viewer of the show circa 2012 complaining that the name of the Chesapeake Bay Governor's School was misspelled as "Govrenor's School" on the printed card affixed to the team's podium for their episode.<br />
<br />
==Information 1976-2014 (Richmond show)==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year & Show Name<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Host & Station<br />
|- <br />
| 1976 Battle of the Brains<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Not televised<br />
|-<br />
| 1977 Battle of the Brains<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Not televised<br />
|-<br />
| 1978 Battle of the Brains<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Final game televised on PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1979 Battle of the Brains<br />
| The final four consisted of [[1979 Midlothian|Midlothian]] playing [[1979 Meadowbrook|Meadowbrook]] and [[1979 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]] playing [[1979 Clover Hill|Clover Hill]], though information on who won the semifinal and final games has not been recovered.<br />
| <br />
| PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1980 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1980 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[1980 Hermitage|Hermitage]]<br />
| Ken Curtis, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1981 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1981 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1981 Manchester|Manchester]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1982 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1982 Caroline|Caroline]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1983 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1983 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1983 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1984 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1984 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1984 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1985 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1985 Courtland|Courtland]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1986 Stafford|Stafford]]<br />
| [[1986 Monacan|Monacan]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1987 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| [[1987 Mechanicsville|Mechanicsville]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1988 Meadowbrook|Meadowbrook]]<br />
| [[1988 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1989 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1989 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[1989 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1990 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1990 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1991 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1991 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1991 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1992 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1992 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[1992 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1993 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1993 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| Frank Soden & Bill King, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1994 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1994 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1994 Lafayette|Lafayette]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1995 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1995 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| <br />
| Garret Chester, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1996 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1996 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| <br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1997 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1997 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1998 Challenge 23<br />
| [[1998 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1998 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1999 Challenge 23<br />
| [[1999 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1999 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 2000 Challenge 23<br />
| [[2000 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2000 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 2001 Challenge 23<br />
| [[2001 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[2001 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 2002 Challenge 23<br />
| [[2002 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
|<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2003 Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot|Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot]]<br />
| [[2003 Mills Godwin|Mills Godwin]]<br />
| Michelle Gary, public access RICH<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2004 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2004 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2005 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2005 James Monroe|James Monroe]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2006 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2006 Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot|Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2007 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2007 Colonial Forge|Colonial Forge]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2008 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2008 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2009 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2009 James Monroe|James Monroe]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2010 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2010 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2011 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2011 Henrico|Henrico]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2012 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2012 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.battleofthebrains.net/tournament-details/2012-2013-weekly-results/ 2013 Battle of the Brains]<br />
| [[2013 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2013 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] <br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.battleofthebrains.net/tournament-details/2013-2014-weekly-results/ 2014 Battle of the Brains]<br />
| [[2014 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] <br />
| [[2014 New Kent|New Kent]] <br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[New Kent]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[St. Christopher's]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[Jamestown]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| The tournament was ended early due to the covid-19 outbreak.<br />
| The remaining teams when taping was suspended were: Collegiate, Maggie Walker, Steward, St. Christopher's, Douglas Freeman, Menchville, Fort Defiance, and Jamestown.<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[Fort Defiance]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR (Tournament recorded using a modified game format via Zoom and aired on normal timeslot.)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[First Colonial]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR (Tournament recorded using a modified game format via Zoom and aired on normal timeslot.)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Princess Anne]]<br />
| [[Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[File:2014bob.jpg|thumb|500px|Host since 2004 Cheryl Miller and show creator/executive producer Julian Porter present the 2014 trophy.]]<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
*In fall 1990, WCVE also broadcast the final game of the Virginia Tech high school tournament, between Thomas Jefferson and St. Anne's-Belfield.<br />
*During the five years of the Hampton Roads show (2005-2009, inclusive), the winners of the two shows met in the Champions Challenge, which was won by the Richmond winner in all five years.<br />
<br />
==Hampton Roads information (2005-2009)==<br />
<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year & Show Name<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Host & Station<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 Battle of the Brains|2005 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2005 Kecoughtan|Kecoughtan]]<br />
| [[2005 Hampton Roads Academy|Hampton Roads Academy]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Battle of the Brains|2006 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2006 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2006 Isle of Wight Academy|Isle of Wight Academy]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 Battle of the Brains|2007 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2007 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2007 Granby|Granby]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Battle of the Brains|2008 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2008 Hickory|Hickory]]<br />
| [[2008 Poquoson|Poquoson]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Battle of the Brains|2009 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2009 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2009 Hickory|Hickory]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Brains Battle of the Brains] on Wikipedia<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/user/TheBATTLEOFTHEBRAINS?feature=watch Several recent episodes uploaded directly by the producers]<br />
*[http://battleofthebrains.net/bob.aspx Battle of the Brains history]<br />
*[http://battleofthebrains.net/pastChampions.aspx Champions 1985-present]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OU5mV5KRIVI Clips from a Frank Soden game featuring John Aboud of Modern Humorist and VH1 playing for Douglas Freeman circa 1991]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl TV shows]]<br />
[[Category: High school quizbowl in Virginia]]<br />
[[Category: Original QBWiki Page]]<br />
[[Category: Bad quizbowl]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Brains&diff=62605Battle of the Brains2023-12-09T09:50:03Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Battle of the Brains''' is a a high school televised quizbowl competition in Virginia, currently airing on Saturday mornings on WTVR (CBS 6) in the Richmond area and on WTKR (CBS 3) in Hampton Roads. It was first televised in 1979 for Richmond-area schools.<br />
<br />
Prior to 2005, all participants in the show came from the greater Richmond area, viewed as counties that include or border those intersected by a rough quadrilateral formed by Charlottesville, Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, and Petersburg. The Hampton Roads area ran a separate TV event, [[Tidewater Challenge]], for much of this time. From 2005 to 2009, a second Battle of the Brains tournament was run in the Hampton Roads area, labeled "Southeast Virginia" and open to area schools including some from the far northeast corner of North Carolina, with the winners of the two tournaments meeting in a "Champion's Challenge" similar to the [[It's Academic]] Superbowl.<br />
<br />
Since the 2010 season, there has again been only one tournament including both Richmond and Virginia Beach-area teams as well as some from further afield. There are no formal published guidelines as to what area a school must be from to participate. In practice, the rule seems to be that any team in Virginia that is not part of the DC-area It's Academic show and is willing to make the drive to the WTVR studio in Richmond on tape dates is eligible to enter the pool of interested participants. Teams from Richmond, Hampton Roads, and Charlottesville, as well as several schools from up to 200 miles away, notably [[Cave Spring]], all appear on the show regularly and compete in the same bracket, even if they are outside the broadcast area reached by the show itself. WTVR is available only as a cable station in Charlottesville, which is a separate broadcast market from Richmond with a different over-the-air CBS affiliate, and is not carried at all in Roanoke.<br />
<br />
==Broadcast history==<br />
<br />
[[File:1979ad.jpg|thumb|An ad for the first televised tournament, featuring four Chesterfield County schools in April 1979.]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1980article.jpg|thumb|An article about the first 32-team, all-Richmond tournament, which concluded in June 1980.]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1980final.jpg|thumb|The finals of the 1980 tournament, between [[Douglas Freeman]] and [[Hermitage]].]]<br />
<br />
===Stations & Hosts===<br />
<br />
[[It's Academic]] and [[High School Bowl]] aired intermittently in the Richmond area from the mid-1960s through 1976. In 1976, [[Julian Porter]] created the Battle of the Brains tournament as an intramural tournament for [[Meadowbrook]] High School after previously running one-off quizbowl exhibition games between student and teacher teams at Meadowbrook as an end-of-year activity. In 1977 and 1978 the tournament became an interscholastic event for Chesterfield County schools, and in 1978 the finals match was televised on the local PBS station. In 1979 the tournament expanded to all of Central Virginia and was televised in its entirety. Al Moffitt moderated the original intramural competition. [[Frank Soden]] was the longtime host of the PBS program until his 1994 retirement, being joined for one season by [[Bill King]]. Soden, who was a familiar broadcast voice of minor league baseball and college sports in Richmond dating back to the early 1950s, lent the program an immediate dose of credibility. [[Ken Curtis]] also hosted the show at some point. Garret Chester hosted for one season in 1995. From 1996 to 2002, the show was hosted by [[May-Lily Lee]], a longtime broadcast journalist in Virginia who was perhaps better known as the host of the public affairs program ''Virginia Currents'' and also had a brief [http://www.cybozone.com/fg/lee.html music career]. [[Michelle Gary]] hosted on RICH in 2003, and [[Cheryl Miller]] has hosted since 2004.<br />
<br />
In 1997 the name was changed to "Challenge 23" (because the PBS station was broadcast on UHF channel 23). This name was retained until the show was cancelled by WCVE in 2002 for, according to the WCVE producers, having "no measurable viewership." Julian Porter brought the show first to RICH-TV (a local cable access station) in 2003, and then to the local CBS affiliate in 2004, reclaiming the Battle of the Brains name. Starting in 2004, a second tournament was added for the Virginia Beach/Norfolk/Newport News area, under the name "Southeast Virginia." The winners of the two tournaments play in the "Champions Challenge," which, along with an all-star game where every player competes for himself, was added to the taping schedule as a post-finals event. Cheryl Miller has been the host of the Richmond tournament and the Champions Challenge since the move to WTVR. Stephanie Harris hosted all five seasons of the Hampton Roads version.<br />
<br />
Since 2011, the show has offered a mail-in "brain teaser" each week, in which members of the viewing public can win "a trip to the Outer Banks or Pirates' Cove."<br />
<br />
===Timeslot===<br />
<br />
During the live era, episodes were always transmitted at 8 PM on Thursday evenings. This continued well into the taped period. Since the move off PBS, the show has aired on Saturday mornings, currently at 10 AM.<br />
<br />
==Sponsorship==<br />
<br />
From the first all-televised tournament in 1979 until sometime in the mid-1980s, the show was sponsored by grocery store chain Safeway. From the end of Safeway sponsorship until the end of the PBS era in 2002, the show was sponsored by Richmond-area grocery/religion conglomerate Ukrop's, which awarded $1000 and a cake to the winning team. From its move to CBS until 2010, it was sponsored by the Virginia Lottery (despite all contestants on the show being legally under the minimum age to buy lottery tickets). Since 2010, the show has been sponsored by the Virginia 529 College Savings Plan, which airs the majority of commercials during the broadcast.<br />
<br />
==Questions/Format==<br />
<br />
During some seasons in the 1990s, questions were provided by [[Answers Plus]] after previously sourcing from [[Lloyd Busch]]'s question set originally used in Atlanta-area [[High Q]]. A special [[NAQT]] set was used from the mid-00s through 2008. According to a June 2009 email between Julian Porter and [[Dave Porter]] (no relation!), the 2008-2009 questions came from "several 'professional' question writing companies" and that the show receives "questions from our team of educational consultants." It is believed that the questions are a mix of recycled material from all suppliers who contributed to the first three decades of the show, combined with [[current events]] and [[trash|popular culture]] added by the producers.<br />
<br />
The show has experimented with several different match formats over the years, including a standard [[four quarter]] setup and a modified four quarter with the bonus or category rounds replaced with visual-based clues (such as a "Picture This" round where pyramidal clues were read about an object as a picture of the object was slowly uncovered). In the waning years of Challenge 23, the category round was replaced with a "spelling round," which led to some teams replacing their normal fourth player with a spelling specialist. <br />
<br />
Minor or major changes to the game format occur at the start of nearly every season. For the 2013-2014 season, the format was one phase of tossups, a category round in which each team chooses one category from three available, a second phase of tossups, and a third, final phase of tossups in which all point values are doubled. This format continued with only small changes through the most recent year of buzzer-based competition in 2019-2020. The Zoom tournaments did not use buzzers or similar online tools and modified the game format to ask questions of only one team at a time.<br />
<br />
A feature of the tournament during the Challenge 23 era was its awarding of the single paper set of questions used in each year's competition to the tournament winner. Thus, past champions could view judge's notes, running scores, and other information written on the packets while holding exclusive access to certain practice material.<br />
<br />
Until 1992 every episode of the show was broadcast live; from 1993 to 2002, only the finals were. The show has been entirely taped in advance since 2003. The show tapes on Wednesday or Thursday afternoons during or after school, and does not interfere with weekend quizbowl invitationals. This has been the case since 1979 and has been a boon to the peaceful co-existence of BoB with Virginia quizbowl, proving that such an arrangement is feasible despite the claims of [[It's Academic]] defenders that weekday taping is impossible for some reason.<br />
<br />
The majority of questions, which are not sourced from the NAQT sets, are generally not intended to meet current standards of [[pyramidal]] quizbowl. [[Computational math]] and spelling questions are used and other questions are generally of the "one-line" variety.<br />
<br />
===Tournament Format===<br />
<br />
The format has always been a straight single-elimination bracket. Sometimes, more teams than a straight power of 2 are invited to participate, necessitating an opening play-in round in which most teams have byes.<br />
<br />
Usually, if there is more interest in the tournament than spots available, teams are selected by a written exam held either at the start of the school year in which the season is taped, or at the end of the prior year (with graduating seniors ineligible to participate in their team's score). Other methods have been proposed or used, including at least one year when the field was selected by mass e-mailing the coach contact list and announcing that the first 40 schools to reply to the e-mail would be invited. Suggestions to rotate participation to rarely-represented schools by requiring schools to take a year off from the tournament after winning or after participating a certain number of times have been floated but not actually used. The first written exam was given in 1991; it is unclear how the cutoff for participation was determined in the prior years.<br />
<br />
==== WCVE Format (1980s-2002) ====<br />
<br />
After the tournament size was increased from 32 to 40 schools, the teams were seeded into five eight-team brackets, based on their scores on a pre-season written exam. Teams were arranged into the brackets by working inward from the highest and lowest ends of those scores. The top team went into bracket 1, second into bracket 2, etc., with team 6 going back into bracket 1; from the other side, the 40th team also went into bracket 1, 39th team into bracket 2, etc. This ensured a roughly-even distribution of test scores across the five brackets, while also pitting the highest- and lowest-seeded teams directly against each other in the first rounds, making for spectacular but lopsided scores in many early games.<br />
<br />
The five winners of these single-elimination brackets entered a two-and-a-half round tournament to decide the year's champions. The five teams were seeded according to total score over their three bracket games, regardless of the original rankings from the written test results. The fourth- and fifth-seeded bracket winners played a qualifier game; the winner of this game played against the first seed in the semifinal. The other semifinal game matched the second and third seeds. The winners of these two semifinal games then met in the finals.<br />
<br />
As a consequence of this format, the final results for first, second, and fifth place overall were all clear, while the official scoring for which team finished third or fourth overall was more murky; there was no "bronze-medal game" for the losing teams from the semifinal matches.<br />
<br />
==== WTVR Format (since 2003) ====<br />
<br />
In the WTVR era the show has generally used the 32 or 36 team format with either a straight single-elimination bracket or four play-in games followed by the power-of-2 bracket.<br />
<br />
Since the move to WTVR in 2003-04, an all-star game has been played, in which eight selected players from the season all play a tossup-heavy game, with the highest individual score winning. During the Champion's Challenge era, each market had its own all-star game.<br />
<br />
==Famous incidents==<br />
<br />
In 1988, the championship was won on a sudden-death tiebreaker question, which began "The Netherlands...." and was successfully interrupted by a Meadowbrook player with "euthanasia."<br />
<br />
At some point during the all-live era of the tournament, a scoreboard mounted on top of the set fell onto the players during the game.<br />
<br />
The 2012 semifinal featuring [[Maggie Walker]]'s first loss in seven years was never broadcast, for unknown reasons. Other episodes that are announced in the prior week and show up with results on the bracket are occasionally skipped from airing, presumably due to technical malfunctions at taping.<br />
<br />
The custom buzzer system used for the show in the early 2000s did not have a way to disable the buzzer during periods when players were not supposed to buzz in. During a round where a player failed to understand the rules (a "Picture This" sequence in which the clue had to be completed before buzzing in) a player repeatedly hit the buzzer and yelled "it's a tiger!" every time the judges reset the system.<br />
<br />
This [https://www.facebook.com/cbs6wtvr/posts/447262952425 now-dead link] features a viewer of the show circa 2012 complaining that the name of the Chesapeake Bay Governor's School was misspelled as "Govrenor's School" on the printed card affixed to the team's podium for their episode.<br />
<br />
==Information 1976-2014 (Richmond show)==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year & Show Name<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Host & Station<br />
|- <br />
| 1976 Battle of the Brains<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Not televised<br />
|-<br />
| 1977 Battle of the Brains<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Not televised<br />
|-<br />
| 1978 Battle of the Brains<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Final game televised on PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1979 Battle of the Brains<br />
| The final four consisted of [[1979 Midlothian|Midlothian]] playing [[1979 Meadowbrook|Meadowbrook]] and [[1979 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]] playing [[1979 Clover Hill|Clover Hill]], though information on who won the semifinal and final games has not been recovered.<br />
| <br />
| PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1980 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1980 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[1980 Hermitage|Hermitage]]<br />
| Ken Curtis, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1981 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1981 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1981 Manchester|Manchester]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1982 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1982 Caroline|Caroline]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1983 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1983 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1983 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1984 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1984 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| <br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1985 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1985 Courtland|Courtland]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1986 Stafford|Stafford]]<br />
| [[1986 Monacan|Monacan]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1987 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| [[1987 Mechanicsville|Mechanicsville]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1988 Meadowbrook|Meadowbrook]]<br />
| [[1988 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1989 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1989 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[1989 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1990 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1990 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1991 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1991 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1991 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1992 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1992 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[1992 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1993 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1993 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| Frank Soden & Bill King, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1994 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1994 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1994 Lafayette|Lafayette]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1995 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1995 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| <br />
| Garret Chester, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1996 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1996 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| <br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1997 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1997 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1998 Challenge 23<br />
| [[1998 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1998 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1999 Challenge 23<br />
| [[1999 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1999 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 2000 Challenge 23<br />
| [[2000 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2000 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 2001 Challenge 23<br />
| [[2001 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[2001 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 2002 Challenge 23<br />
| [[2002 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
|<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2003 Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot|Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot]]<br />
| [[2003 Mills Godwin|Mills Godwin]]<br />
| Michelle Gary, public access RICH<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2004 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2004 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2005 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2005 James Monroe|James Monroe]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2006 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2006 Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot|Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2007 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2007 Colonial Forge|Colonial Forge]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2008 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2008 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2009 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2009 James Monroe|James Monroe]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2010 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2010 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2011 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2011 Henrico|Henrico]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2012 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2012 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.battleofthebrains.net/tournament-details/2012-2013-weekly-results/ 2013 Battle of the Brains]<br />
| [[2013 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2013 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] <br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.battleofthebrains.net/tournament-details/2013-2014-weekly-results/ 2014 Battle of the Brains]<br />
| [[2014 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] <br />
| [[2014 New Kent|New Kent]] <br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[New Kent]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[St. Christopher's]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[Jamestown]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| The tournament was ended early due to the covid-19 outbreak.<br />
| The remaining teams when taping was suspended were: Collegiate, Maggie Walker, Steward, St. Christopher's, Douglas Freeman, Menchville, Fort Defiance, and Jamestown.<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[Fort Defiance]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR (Tournament recorded using a modified game format via Zoom and aired on normal timeslot.)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[First Colonial]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR (Tournament recorded using a modified game format via Zoom and aired on normal timeslot.)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Princess Anne]]<br />
| [[Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[File:2014bob.jpg|thumb|500px|Host since 2004 Cheryl Miller and show creator/executive producer Julian Porter present the 2014 trophy.]]<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
*In fall 1990, WCVE also broadcast the final game of the Virginia Tech high school tournament, between Thomas Jefferson and St. Anne's-Belfield.<br />
*During the five years of the Hampton Roads show (2005-2009, inclusive), the winners of the two shows met in the Champions Challenge, which was won by the Richmond winner in all five years.<br />
<br />
==Hampton Roads information (2005-2009)==<br />
<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year & Show Name<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Host & Station<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 Battle of the Brains|2005 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2005 Kecoughtan|Kecoughtan]]<br />
| [[2005 Hampton Roads Academy|Hampton Roads Academy]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Battle of the Brains|2006 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2006 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2006 Isle of Wight Academy|Isle of Wight Academy]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 Battle of the Brains|2007 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2007 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2007 Granby|Granby]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Battle of the Brains|2008 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2008 Hickory|Hickory]]<br />
| [[2008 Poquoson|Poquoson]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Battle of the Brains|2009 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2009 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2009 Hickory|Hickory]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Brains Battle of the Brains] on Wikipedia<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/user/TheBATTLEOFTHEBRAINS?feature=watch Several recent episodes uploaded directly by the producers]<br />
*[http://battleofthebrains.net/bob.aspx Battle of the Brains history]<br />
*[http://battleofthebrains.net/pastChampions.aspx Champions 1985-present]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OU5mV5KRIVI Clips from a Frank Soden game featuring John Aboud of Modern Humorist and VH1 playing for Douglas Freeman circa 1991]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl TV shows]]<br />
[[Category: High school quizbowl in Virginia]]<br />
[[Category: Original QBWiki Page]]<br />
[[Category: Bad quizbowl]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=NCT&diff=62555NCT2023-11-30T17:40:55Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''National Championship Tournament''' ('''NCT''') was held annually by the [[College Bowl]] Company, Inc., to determine its format's national title during the company's affiliation with [[ACUI]] from 1977-1978 to 2007-2008. Occasional matches appeared on radio or TV during that time.<br />
<br />
The [[College Bowl]]-ACUI program was discontinued after 2008. College Bowl continued to offer products to limited markets such as the [[HCASC]] and the [[2021 College Bowl TV Show]], but has not staged a competition for the general college level since the end of the ACUI partnership.<br />
<br />
==Tournament/field quality==<br />
<br />
For a full discussion of the mainstream quizbowl community's issues with the College Bowl program and the reasons for teams choosing not to participate, see the [[College Bowl|main page for College Bowl as a whole]]. This page is focused on the National Championship Tournament specifically.<br />
<br />
By 1990, several major contenders in [[ACF Nationals|ACF]] and, ultimately, [[NAQT ICT|NAQT]] tournaments such as [[Maryland]], [[Tennessee]], and [[Georgia Tech]] no longer participated in College Bowl. By 2000 the only regular participants in College Bowl among the top tier of quizbowl teams were [[Chicago]] and [[Michigan]], who themselves did not compete after the 2003-2004 season, and who never sent their best possible lineups to the tournament after 1998, due to a combination of the grad student restriction and individual players not wishing to play College Bowl. In the last eleven instances of the NCT, the only serious ICT or ACF title contenders who sent their best player lineups to College Bowl NCT were [[2006 UCLA]] and [[1998 Chicago|Chicago's 1998 team]], though other Chicago and Michigan lineups often won the NCT even without the top players from those clubs. The field quality below the top 4 was also very weak compared to other nationals due to the qualification system.<br />
<br />
==ACUI Regional System==<br />
<br />
During the time of the ACUI/College Bowl affiliation, ACUI was divided into 16 geographical regions. Regions 1-15 covered all areas of the United States and Canada. Region 16, for Australia, New Zealand, and "the Far East," never participated in College Bowl.<br />
<br />
Generally, each region held a tournament and the champion qualified for NCT. Except in 2003 (when only the 15 regional champions were invited), 1986 (when an intermediate "sectional" stage was used), and 1980 and 1981 (when 9 wild cards were invited to create a 24-team, multi-stage national tournament) the NCT field selected a 16th team by picking one regional runner-up as a wild card. The process for choosing the wild card was purported to be a random draw, though some questioned whether teams were actually chosen for other reasons. Though almost all NCTs had a 16-team field, the specific tournament format varied often, as noted below.<br />
<br />
From 2005 to 2007, the region 3 and 4 tournaments were combined in one, single-site event, with the highest-finishing teams from each region in the overall field each receiving NCT bids.<br />
<br />
ACUI's region system continued to influence tournament placement and nationals qualification during ACUI's affiliation with NAQT from 2010-2013, though with significantly less rigidity than during the College Bowl era. Since the end of ACUI involvement in quizbowl in 2013, they have reorganized into an 8-region system.<br />
<br />
==College Bowl NCT top finishers/locations==<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second Place<br />
! Third Place<br />
! Fourth Place<br />
! Host<br />
! Tournament format<ref>Formats used for old NCTs: https://web.archive.org/web/19970506201422/http://www.collegebowl.com/archives/archnct.html</ref><br />
! Stats<br />
|- <br />
| [[1978 NCT|1978]]<br />
| [[1978 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1978 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[1978 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1978 Oberlin|Oberlin]]<br />
| Probably the WTVJ studio in Miami<ref>The tournament was produced for CBS television and was advertised as being held "in Miami." WTVJ was the Miami CBS affiliate at the time and had a production studio with significant capabilities compared to most local stations, so this is the most likely location, though no contemporary article actually specifies it.</ref><br />
| "16-team single elimination tournament with final 3 matches and World's Championship taped for tv"<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[1979 NCT|1979]]<br />
| [[1979 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1979 Harvard|Harvard]]<ref>This team is denoted "Harvard-Radcliffe" in some sources. Harvard and Radcliffe began a formal affiliation in 1977 and merged into one university in 1999. Most likely, some students who began their university careers at an independent Radcliffe College did in fact play on this team.</ref><br />
| [[1979 Oberlin|Oberlin]]<br />
| [[1979 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| Probably the WTVJ studio in Miami<ref>The tournament was produced for CBS television and was advertised as being held "in Miami." WTVJ was the Miami CBS affiliate at the time and had a production studio with significant capabilities compared to most local stations, so this is the most likely location, though no contemporary article actually specifies it. One participant recalls playing the event at the Fontainebleau Miami Beach hotel, though that same account misremembers the Miami NCT as being held in 1980, so it is not clear if this is a reliable memory.</ref><br />
| "16-team single elimination tournament with final 3 matches and World's Championship taped for tv"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 NCT|1980]]<br />
| [[1980 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
| [[1980 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1980 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1980 Washington State|Washington State]]<br />
| Marshall and [[WUSTL]]<br />
| "24-team single-elimination tournament taped for radio in 2 phases"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1981 NCT|1981]]<br />
| [[1981 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1981 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1981 Marshall|Marshall]]<br />
| [[1981 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| Marshall<br />
| "24-team single-elimination tournament taped for radio"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 NCT|1982]]<br />
| [[1982 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1982 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1982 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1982 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| Probably the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City<ref>The tournament was produced for CBS radio and was advertised as being held "in New York," so this is the most likely location, though no contemporary article actually specifies it.</ref><br />
| "16-team single-elimination tournament taped for radio"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1983<br />
!colspan="7" |no tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 NCT|1984]]<br />
| [[1984 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1984 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1984 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1984 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[Ohio State]]<br />
| "16-team single-elimination tournament with final 3 games broadcast live as a one-hour NBC special"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<br />
!colspan="7" |no tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1986 NCT|1986]]<br />
| [[1986 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1986 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1986 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1986 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[Georgia Tech]]<br />
| "sectionals & 4-team double-elimination finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 NCT|1987]]<br />
| [[1987 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1987 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1987 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1987 Western Connecticut State|Western Connecticut State]]<br />
| Disney World, Orlando<br />
| "16-team single-elimination tournament taped for television"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1988 NCT|1988]]<br />
| [[1988 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1988 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1988 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1988 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[UIC]]<br />
| "16-team double elimination tournament with best 2-of-3 finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 NCT|1989]]<br />
| [[1989 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1989 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1989 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1989 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| DuPage<br />
| "16-team double elimination tournament with best 2-of-3 finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 NCT|1990]]<br />
| [[1990 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1990 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1990 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1990 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[Minnesota]]<br />
| "16-team double elimination tournament with best 2-of-3 finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 NCT|1991]]<br />
| [[1991 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1991 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1991 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1991 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[UIC]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1992 NCT|1992]]<br />
| [[1992 MIT|MIT]] <br />
| [[1992 Stanford|Stanford]] <br />
| [[1992 Penn|Penn]] <br />
| [[1992 Cornell|Cornell]] <br />
| [[George Washington]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 NCT|1993]]<br />
| [[1993 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1993 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1993 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1993 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[USC]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/alt.college.college-bowl/2vcB9OtdHXw/Ayr-kKTypxgJ Partial stats (standings & game scores)]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 NCT|1994]]<br />
| [[1994 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1994 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1994 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1994 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19970427082657/http://odin.mdacc.tmc.edu/~dct/college-bowl/nationals-94.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1995 NCT|1995]]<br />
| [[1995 Harvard|Harvard]] <br />
| [[1995 Chicago|Chicago]] <br />
| [[1995 Michigan|Michigan]] <br />
| [[1995 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]] <br />
| Akron<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19990202130820/http://www.northcoast.com/~dctuttle/college-bowl/nationals-95.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 NCT|1996]]<br />
| [[1996 Michigan|Michigan]] <br />
| [[1996 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1996 Princeton|Princeton]] <br />
| [[1996 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[Arizona State]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19990202145416/http://www.northcoast.com/~dctuttle/college-bowl/nationals-96.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1997 NCT|1997]]<br />
| [[1997 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1997 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1997 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1997 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| Montclair State<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19980201140138/http://collegebowl.com/nct/97results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 NCT|1998]]<br />
| [[1998 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1998 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1998 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1998 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[Texas-Dallas]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19980423064350/http://collegebowl.com/nct/98results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 NCT|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1999 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1999 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1999 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]]<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [http://collegebowl.com/nationalresultrpt.asp Standings only]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 NCT|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2000 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2000 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2000 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| Bentley<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20000925183158/http://www.collegebowl.com/cbowl/nct/00nct/results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 NCT|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2001 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2001 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[2001 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| Cal State-LA<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20020505182333/http://www.collegebowl.com/cbowl/nct/01nct/results.shtml Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 NCT|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2002 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2002 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2002 Providence|Providence]]<br />
| Kansas State<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20030218131141/http://www.collegebowl.com/cb/nct/02/results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 NCT|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2003 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2003 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2003 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[Penn]]<br />
| 15-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20080828185042/http://collegebowl.com/nct03/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 NCT|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2004 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2004 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2004 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[Auburn-Montgomery]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct04/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 NCT|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2005 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2005 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[2005 Truman State|Truman State]]<br />
| [[University of Washington]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct05/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 NCT|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2006 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2006 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[2006 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| Hartford<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct06/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 NCT|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2007 USC|USC]]<br />
| [[2007 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2007 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[USC]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct07/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 NCT|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2008 New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
| [[2008 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2008 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[Macalester]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct08/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Regional champions & wild cards==<br />
<br />
Except as discussed in footnotes and other text below, the set of "regional champions & wild card teams" for each year also comprises that year's list of NCT participants.<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Region 1<br />
! Region 2<br />
! Region 3<br />
! Region 4<br />
! Region 5<br />
! Region 6<br />
! Region 7<br />
! Region 8<br />
! Region 9<br />
! Region 10<br />
! Region 11<br />
! Region 12<br />
! Region 13<br />
! Region 14<br />
! Region 15<br />
! Wild card<br />
|- <br />
| [[1978 NCT|1978]]<br />
| [[1978 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[1978 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1978 Rutgers-Newark|Rutgers-Newark]]<br />
| [[1978 Charleston|Charleston]]<br />
| [[1978 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1978 Eckerd|Eckerd]]<br />
| [[1978 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[1978 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]]<br />
| [[1978 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1978 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1978 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1978 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1978 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1978 Puget Sound|Puget Sound]]<br />
| [[1978 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1978 Oberlin|Oberlin]] (R7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1979 NCT|1979]]<br />
| [[1979 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1979 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1979 Rutgers-Newark|Rutgers-Newark]]<br />
| [[1979 Marshall|Marshall]]<br />
| [[1979 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1979 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1979 Oberlin|Oberlin]]<br />
| [[1979 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]]<br />
| [[1979 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[1979 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1979 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1979 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1979 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1979 Pacific Lutheran|Pacific Lutheran]]<br />
| [[1979 San Francisco State|San Francisco State]]<br />
| [[1979 SIU-Carbondale|SIU-Carbondale]] (R9)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 NCT|1980]]<br />
| [[1980 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1980 SUNY-Oneonta|SUNY-Oneonta]]<br />
| [[1980 Rutgers-Newark|Rutgers-Newark]]<br />
| [[1980 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1980 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1980 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1980 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1980 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1980 Purdue|Purdue]]<br />
| [[1980 Iowa State|Iowa State]]<br />
| [[1980 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1980 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1980 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1980 Washington State|Washington State]]<br />
| [[1980 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
| See note<ref>This was one of the two years in which the NCT used a 3-stage, 24-team format. The additional teams invited besides the 15 regional champions were [[1980 Earlham|Earlham]], [[1980 Harvard|Harvard]], [[1980 Marshall|Marshall]], [[1980 Oklahoma Baptist|Oklahoma Baptist]], [[1980 Texas Christian|Texas Christian]], [[1980 Georgia|Georgia]], [[1980 Iowa|Iowa]], [[1980 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]], and [[1980 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]].</ref><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[1981 NCT|1981]]<br />
| [[1981 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1981 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[1981 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1981 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1981 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1981 Berry|Berry]]<br />
| [[1981 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[1981 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1981 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1981 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1981 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1981 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1981 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1981 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1981 San Francisco State|San Francisco State]]<br />
| See note<ref>This was one of the two years in which the NCT used a 3-stage, 24-team format. The additional teams invited besides the 15 regional champions were [[1981 Davidson|Davidson]], [[1981 Marshall|Marshall]], [[1981 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]], [[1981 Temple|Temple]], [[1981 Ohio State|Ohio State]], [[1981 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]], [[1981 Wake Forest|Wake Forest]], [[1981 Wichita State|Wichita State]], and [[1981 Yale|Yale]].<br />
</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 NCT|1982]]<br />
| [[1982 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1982 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[1982 Temple|Temple]]<br />
| [[1982 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1982 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1982 Alabama|Alabama]]<br />
| [[1982 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[1982 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1982 Purdue|Purdue]]<br />
| [[1982 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1982 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1982 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1982 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1982 Puget Sound|Puget Sound]]<br />
| [[1982 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
| [[1982 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| 1983<ref>The NCT was not held in 1983. As best as can be determined, a full set of Regional tournaments was run, but the complete list of winners is not preserved anywhere, and no wild-card team was named. 1983 teams are not counted as nationals appearances in the table.</ref><br />
| [[1983 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1983 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| <br />
| See note on 1983 tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 NCT|1984]]<br />
| [[1984 Brandeis|Brandeis]]<br />
| [[1984 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[1984 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1984 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1984 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1984 Georgia Southern-Armstrong|Georgia Southern-Armstrong]]<ref>"Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus" is the current full name of the school that was known as "Armstrong State College" at the time of this tournament.</ref><br />
| [[1984 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1984 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1984 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1984 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1984 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1984 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[1984 Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
| [[1984 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1984 San Jose State|San Jose State]]<br />
| [[1984 Berkeley|Berkeley]] (R15)<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<ref>The NCT was not held in 1985. As best as can be determined, no wild-card team was named. 1985 teams are not counted as nationals appearances in the table.</ref><br />
| [[1985 Connecticut|Connecticut]]<br />
| [[1985 Syracuse|Syracuse]]<br />
| [[1985 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1985 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1985 Duke|Duke]]<br />
| [[1985 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1985 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1985 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1985 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[1985 Carleton|Carleton]]<br />
| [[1985 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1985 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1985 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1985 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1985 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
| See note on 1985 tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1986 NCT|1986]]<br />
| [[1986 Dartmouth|Dartmouth]]<br />
| [[1986 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[1986 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1986 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1986 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]]<br />
| [[1986 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1986 Case Western|Case Western]]<br />
| [[1986 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1986 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1986 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1986 Kansas|Kansas]]<br />
| [[1986 Texas A&M|Texas A&M]]<br />
| [[1986 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1986 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[1986 UC-Irvine|UC-Irvine]]<br />
| See note<ref>This year used a "sectional" stage between the RCT and NCT. Only the top four teams, presumably the sectional champions, actually participated in the final national stage. Whether any teams beyond the 15 regional champions were invited to participate in the sectionals has not been determined; thus, it is possible there was no wild card in this year.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 NCT|1987]]<br />
| [[1987 Western Connecticut State|Western Connecticut State]]<br />
| [[1987 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1987 NYU|NYU]]<br />
| [[1987 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1987 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1987 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1987 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1987 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1987 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[1987 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1987 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1987 Louisiana State|Louisiana State]]<br />
| [[1987 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1987 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1987 UC-Irvine|UC-Irvine]]<br />
| [[1987 Kansas|Kansas]] (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1988 NCT|1988]]<br />
| [[1988 Harvard|Harvard]]/[[1988 MIT|MIT]]<ref name="NCT88bids">The Region 1 champion Harvard and the Region 14 champion Washington declined to attend the NCT. Harvard was replaced by runner-up MIT. Washington's spot was offered to the (unrecorded) second-place finisher, who also declined. To fill the remaining spot, a second wild-card draw was held. In addition to the original wild-card bid for Syracuse, region 12 runner-up LSU attended the tournament as the final replacement team as a result of the second draw.</ref><br />
| [[1988 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1988 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1988 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1988 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1988 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1988 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1988 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1988 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1988 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1988 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1988 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1988 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1988 Washington|Washington]]/None<ref name="NCT88bids">The Region 1 champion Harvard and the Region 14 champion Washington declined to attend the NCT. Harvard was replaced by runner-up MIT. Washington's spot was offered to the (unrecorded) second-place finisher, who also declined. To fill the remaining spot, a second wild-card draw was held. In addition to the original wild-card bid for Syracuse, region 12 runner-up LSU attended the tournament as the final replacement team as a result of the second draw.</ref><br />
| [[1988 UC-San Diego|UC-San Diego]]<br />
| [[1988 Syracuse|Syracuse]] (R2), [[1988 Louisiana State|Louisiana State]] (R12)<ref name="NCT88bids">The Region 1 champion Harvard and the Region 14 champion Washington declined to attend the NCT. Harvard was replaced by runner-up MIT. Washington's spot was offered to the (unrecorded) second-place finisher, who also declined. To fill the remaining spot, a second wild-card draw was held. In addition to the original wild-card bid for Syracuse, region 12 runner-up LSU attended the tournament as the final replacement team as a result of the second draw.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 NCT|1989]]<br />
| [[1989 Brandeis|Brandeis]]<br />
| [[1989 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1989 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1989 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1989 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1989 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1989 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1989 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1989 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1989 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1989 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1989 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1989 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1989 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1989 Pomona College|Pomona College]]<br />
| [[1989 Michigan State|Michigan State]] (R7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 NCT|1990]]<br />
| [[1990 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1990 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1990 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1990 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1990 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1990 Florida State|Florida State]]<br />
| [[1990 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1990 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1990 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1990 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1990 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1990 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1990 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1990 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1990 UC-Irvine|UC-Irvine]]<br />
| [[1990 Berry|Berry]] (R6)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 NCT|1991]]<br />
| [[1991 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[1991 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1991 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1991 Penn State|Penn State]]<br />
| [[1991 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1991 Georgia State|Georgia State]]<br />
| [[1991 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1991 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1991 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1991 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1991 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref><br />
| [[1991 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1991 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1991 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1991 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1991 WUSTL|WUSTL]] (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1992 NCT|1992]]<br />
| [[1992 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1992 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1992 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1992 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1992 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1992 Georgia State|Georgia State]]<br />
| [[1992 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1992 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1992 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1992 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1992 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref><br />
| [[1992 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1992 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1992 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1992 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1992 Iowa State|Iowa State]] (R10)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 NCT|1993]]<br />
| [[1993 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1993 SUNY-Albany|SUNY-Albany]]<br />
| [[1993 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1993 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1993 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1993 Berry|Berry]]<br />
| [[1993 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1993 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1993 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1993 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1993 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1993 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1993 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1993 Puget Sound|Puget Sound]]<br />
| [[1993 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1993 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref> (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 NCT|1994]]<br />
| [[1994 Dartmouth|Dartmouth]]<br />
| [[1994 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1994 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1994 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1994 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1994 Georgia State|Georgia State]]<br />
| [[1994 Western Michigan|Western Michigan]]<br />
| [[1994 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1994 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1994 Iowa State|Iowa State]]<br />
| [[1994 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref><br />
| [[1994 Midwestern State|Midwestern State]]<br />
| [[1994 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1994 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1994 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
| [[1994 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]] (R12)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1995 NCT|1995]]<br />
| [[1995 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1995 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1995 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1995 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1995 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1995 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1995 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1995 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1995 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1995 Iowa State|Iowa State]]<br />
| [[1995 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1995 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]]<br />
| [[1995 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1995 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[1995 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1995 Alfred|Alfred]] (R2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 NCT|1996]]<br />
| [[1996 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1996 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1996 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1996 Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins]]<br />
| [[1996 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1996 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1996 Western Michigan|Western Michigan]]<br />
| [[1996 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1996 SIU-Carbondale|SIU-Carbondale]]<br />
| [[1996 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1996 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1996 Houston|Houston]]<br />
| [[1996 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1996 Portland Community College-Sylvania|Portland Community College-Sylvania]]<br />
| [[1996 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1996 Michigan|Michigan]] (R7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1997 NCT|1997]]<br />
| [[1997 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1997 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1997 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1997 Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins]]<br />
| [[1997 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1997 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1997 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1997 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1997 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1997 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1997 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1997 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]]<br />
| [[1997 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1997 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[1997 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1997 Illinois-Chicago|Illinois-Chicago]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 NCT|1998]]<br />
| [[1998 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1998 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1998 NYU|NYU]]<br />
| [[1998 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[1998 South Carolina|South Carolina]]<br />
| [[1998 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1998 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1998 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1998 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1998 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1998 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1998 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]]<br />
| [[1998 Arizona State|Arizona State]]<br />
| [[1998 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[1998 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1998 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]] (R5)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 NCT|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 Williams|Williams]]<ref name="Williams">The Williams team attended the NCT site in 1999 but was not permitted to participate in games due to their faculty sponsor failing to arrive. This is counted as a nationals appearance in the table.</ref><br />
| [[1999 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1999 College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]]<br />
| [[1999 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1999 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]]<br />
| [[1999 Berry|Berry]]<br />
| [[1999 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1999 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1999 Illinois College|Illinois College]]<br />
| [[1999 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1999 Wichita State|Wichita State]]<br />
| [[1999 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[1999 Arizona State|Arizona State]]<br />
| [[1999 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[1999 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1999 Minnesota|Minnesota]] (R10)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 NCT|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2000 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[2000 College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]]<br />
| [[2000 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2000 Rhodes|Rhodes]]<br />
| [[2000 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2000 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2000 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[2000 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[2000 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[2000 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2000 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2000 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[2000 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[2000 USC|USC]]<br />
| [[2000 Chicago|Chicago]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 NCT|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2001 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[2001 Delaware|Delaware]]<br />
| [[2001 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2001 Centre|Centre]]<br />
| [[2001 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2001 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2001 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2001 Wabash|Wabash]]<br />
| [[2001 South Dakota|South Dakota]]<br />
| [[2001 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2001 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[2001 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[2001 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[2001 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2001 College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]] (R3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 NCT|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Providence|Providence]]<br />
| [[2002 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2002 NYU|NYU]]<br />
| [[2002 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2002 Roanoke|Roanoke]]<br />
| [[2002 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2002 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2002 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2002 IUPUI|IUPUI]]<br />
| [[2002 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2002 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2002 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2002 Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
| [[2002 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[2002 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2002 WUSTL|WUSTL]] (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 NCT|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Boston University|Boston University]]<br />
| [[2003 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2003 Delaware|Delaware]]<br />
| [[2003 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2003 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]]<br />
| [[2003 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2003 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2003 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2003 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[2003 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2003 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2003 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2003 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[2003 Montana State-Billings|Montana State-Billings]]<br />
| [[2003 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| See note<ref>There was no wild card team in 2003. The tournament ran with 15 teams.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 NCT|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Dartmouth|Dartmouth]]<br />
| [[2004 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[2004 SUNY-Stony Brook|SUNY-Stony Brook]]<br />
| [[2004 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[2004 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[2004 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2004 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2004 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2004 Rose-Hulman|Rose-Hulman]]<br />
| [[2004 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2004 Truman State|Truman State]]<br />
| [[2004 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[2004 Colorado State|Colorado State]]<br />
| [[2004 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[2004 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2004 Illinois-Chicago|Illinois-Chicago]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 NCT|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2005 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2005 SUNY-Stony Brook|SUNY-Stony Brook]]<ref name="combined">From 2005 to 2007, Region 3 and Region 4 ran a combined tournament. The overall winner, plus the highest-finishing team from the other region, received NCT bids. In all three years, the Region 4 team actually won. 2005 Stony Brook, 2006 Seton Hall, and 2007 Seton Hall received NCT bids as the highest-finishing Region 3 teams in each year.</ref><br />
| [[2005 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2005 Wofford|Wofford]]<br />
| [[2005 Georgia|Georgia]]<br />
| [[2005 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[2005 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
| [[2005 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2005 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2005 Truman State|Truman State]]<br />
| [[2005 Harding|Harding]]<br />
| [[2005 New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
| [[2005 Montana State-Billings|Montana State-Billings]]<br />
| [[2005 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[2005 Valdosta State|Valdosta State]] (R6)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 NCT|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 UMass-Lowell|UMass-Lowell]]<br />
| [[2006 St. Bonaventure|St. Bonaventure]]<br />
| [[2006 Seton Hall|Seton Hall]]<ref name="combined"></ref><br />
| [[2006 Bucknell|Bucknell]]<br />
| [[2006 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[2006 Valdosta State|Valdosta State]]<br />
| [[2006 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2006 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
| [[2006 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2006 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2006 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[2006 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[2006 Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
| [[2006 Montana State-Billings|Montana State-Billings]]<br />
| [[2006 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2006 New Mexico|New Mexico]] (R13)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 NCT|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2007 St. Bonaventure|St. Bonaventure]]<br />
| [[2007 Seton Hall|Seton Hall]]<ref name="combined"></ref><br />
| [[2007 UMBC|UMBC]]<br />
| [[2007 Southern Virginia|Southern Virginia]]<br />
| [[2007 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2007 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2007 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
| [[2007 Purdue|Purdue]]<br />
| [[2007 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2007 Missouri|Missouri]]<br />
| [[2007 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[2007 New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
| [[2007 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[2007 USC|USC]]<br />
| [[2007 Providence|Providence]] (R1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 NCT|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Providence|Providence]]<br />
| [[2008 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2008 Seton Hall|Seton Hall]]<br />
| [[2008 UMBC|UMBC]]<br />
| [[2008 Georgetown College|Georgetown College]]<br />
| [[2008 Florida State|Florida State]]<ref name="FSU">Florida State no-showed to the NCT in 2008. All of their games were recorded as losses with FSU scoring 0 points and each opponent scoring their tournament average PPG. This is not counted as an NCT appearance in the table.</ref><br />
| [[2008 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2008 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[2008 Ball State|Ball State]]<br />
| [[2008 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2008 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[2008 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[2008 Arizona State|Arizona State]]<br />
| [[2008 Western Oregon|Western Oregon]]<br />
| [[2008 Pomona College|Pomona College]]<br />
| [[2008 New Mexico|New Mexico]] (R13)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Teams by number of NCT appearances==<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;width: 40%;"<br />
|-<br />
! Appearances<ref>Includes teams which lost at the "Sectional" level in 1986.</ref><br />
! Team<br />
|-<br />
| 20<br />
| [[Minnesota]] <br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
| [[Chicago]] <br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
| [[Cornell]] <br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
| [[WUSTL]] <br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
| [[Michigan]] <br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
| [[Illinois]] · [[Utah]] <br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
| [[Florida]] · [[Stanford]] <br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
| [[Brigham Young]] · [[Princeton]] · [[Rice]] <br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
| [[Harvard]] · [[Virginia]] <br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
| [[Iowa]] · [[Ohio State]] · [[Oklahoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
| [[George Washington]] · [[Indiana]] · [[Pittsburgh]] · [[Truman State]] · [[Washington]] · [[Williams]]<ref name="Williams">The Williams team attended the NCT site in 1999 but was not permitted to participate in games due to their faculty sponsor failing to arrive. This is counted as a nationals appearance in the table.</ref> · [[Wisconsin]] <br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
| [[Georgetown]] · [[Michigan State]] · [[MIT]] · [[North Carolina]] · [[Rochester]] · [[UCLA]] <br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
| [[Alaska]] · [[Berry]] · [[Davidson]] · [[Idaho]] · [[Iowa State]] · [[Maryland]] · [[New Mexico]] · [[Notre Dame]] · [[Oregon]] · [[Penn]] · [[UT-Dallas]] · [[Wisconsin-Eau Claire]] <br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
| [[Arizona]] · [[Arizona State]] · [[Arkansas]] · [[Baylor]] · [[College of New Jersey]] · [[Dartmouth]] · [[Emory]] · [[Georgia State]] · [[Georgia Tech]] · [[Kent State]] · [[Marshall]] · [[Montana State-Billings]] · [[NC State]] · [[Northwestern]] · [[NYU]] · [[Providence]] · [[Puget Sound]] · [[Purdue]] · [[Rutgers-Newark]] · [[Seton Hall]] · [[Texas]] · [[Tulane]] · [[UC-Irvine]] · [[Vanderbilt]] · [[Vassar]] · [[Virginia Tech]] <br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
| [[Berkeley]] · [[Brandeis]] · [[Delaware]] · [[Fresno State]] · [[Georgia]] · [[Illinois-Chicago]] · [[Johns Hopkins]] · [[Kansas]] · [[Louisiana State]] · [[Oberlin]] · [[Pomona College]] · [[San Francisco State]] · [[SIU-Carbondale]] · [[St. Bonaventure]] · [[SUNY-Stony Brook]] · [[Temple]] · [[UMBC]] · [[USC]] · [[Valdosta State]] · [[Western Michigan]] · [[Wichita State]] · [[Yale]] <br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
| [[Alabama]] · [[Alfred]] · [[Ball State]] · [[Boston University]] · [[Bucknell]] · [[Case Western]] · [[Centre]] · [[Charleston]] · [[Colorado State]] · [[Earlham]] · [[Eckerd]] · [[Florida State]]<ref name="FSU">Florida State no-showed to the NCT in 2008. All of their games were recorded as losses with FSU scoring 0 points and each opponent scoring their tournament average PPG. This is not counted as an NCT appearance in the table.</ref> · [[Georgia Southern-Armstrong]] · [[Georgetown College]] · [[Harding]] · [[Houston]] · [[Illinois College]] · [[IUPUI]]· [[Midwestern State]] · [[Missouri]] · [[Oklahoma Baptist]] · [[Pacific Lutheran]] · [[Penn State]] · [[Portland Community College-Sylvania]] · [[Rhodes]] · [[Roanoke]] · [[Rose-Hulman]] · [[San Jose State]] · [[South Carolina]] · [[South Dakota]] · [[Southern Virginia]] · [[SUNY-Albany]] · [[SUNY-Oneonta]] · [[Texas A&M]] · [[Texas Christian]] · [[UC-San Diego]] · [[UMass-Lowell]] · [[Wabash]] · [[Wake Forest]] · [[Washington State]] · [[Western Connecticut State]] · [[Western Oregon]] · [[Wofford]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==NCT medal count==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Team<br />
! Championships<br />
! Second Place Finishes<br><span style="font-size:85%">(Total Top 2 Finishes)<br />
! Third Place Finishes<br><span style="font-size:85%">(Total Top 3 Finishes)<br />
! Fourth Place Finishes<br><span style="font-size:85%">(Total Top 4 Finishes)<br />
|- <br />
| [[Arkansas]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Baylor]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Brigham Young]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chicago]]<br />
| 4<br />
| 2 (6)<br />
| 1 (7)<br />
| 2 (9)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cornell]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 4 (7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Davidson]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Emory]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 2 (3)<br />
| 1 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fresno State]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[George Washington]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 2 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Georgetown]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Georgia Tech]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Harvard]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 2 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
| 1 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Illinois]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kent State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marshall]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maryland]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michigan]]<br />
| 5<br />
| 3 (8)<br />
| 1 (9)<br />
| 0 (9)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michigan State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Minnesota]]<br />
| 6<br />
| 0 (6)<br />
| 3 (9)<br />
| 1 (10)<br />
|-<br />
| [[MIT]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[NC State]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[New Mexico]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[North Carolina]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oberlin]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ohio State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Penn]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Princeton]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 3 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Providence]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rice]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rochester]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stanford]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 2 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Texas]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Truman State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[UCLA]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[USC]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Utah]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vassar]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Virginia]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 2 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Virginia Tech]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Washington State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Western Connecticut State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Williams]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wisconsin]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[WUSTL]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 2 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yale]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:National championships]]<br />
[[Category:Bad quizbowl]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=NC_State&diff=62542NC State2023-11-30T04:48:54Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Collegebox|College Name = North Carolina State University<br />
|Image = NCState.jpg<br />
|citystate = Raleigh, NC<br />
|president = Melvin Orichi Socana<br />
|nats = [[1988 College Bowl Nationals|1988 College Bowl]]<br />
| }}<br />
'''North Carolina State University''' is a public university located in Raleigh, North Carolina. A team from NC State won the [[1988 College Bowl Nationals]] tournament and three years later continued their success by placing fourth at the inaugural [[1991 ACF Nationals|ACF Nationals]] in 1991. The team has been intermittently active since then, including playing regular college tournaments as recently as 2022.<br />
<br />
NC State is notorious for being erroneously reported as a nonexistent program, including someone on the quizbowl Reddit claiming their club did not exist less than a week after they had played an invitational tournament in 2020, and an old version of this page claiming the team played no tournaments between 1991 and 2016 despite them appearing in publicly available statistics from events held in 2004, 2006, 2010, 2011, and 2015.<br />
<br />
{{Succession_box|Tournament = [[College Bowl Nationals]]<br />
|year = [[1988 College Bowl Nationals|1988]]<br />
|previous = [[1987 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
|next = [[1989 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| }}<br />
<br />
[[Category: College clubs]]<br />
[[Category: NC State]]<br />
[[Category: Programs that have won College Bowl Nationals]]<br />
[[Category:Stubs]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=NCT&diff=62541NCT2023-11-30T04:42:37Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''National Championship Tournament''' ('''NCT''') was held annually by the [[College Bowl]] Company, Inc., to determine its format's national title during the company's affiliation with [[ACUI]] from 1977-1978 to 2007-2008. Occasional matches appeared on radio or TV during that time.<br />
<br />
The [[College Bowl]]-ACUI program was discontinued after 2008. College Bowl continued to offer products to limited markets such as the [[HCASC]] and the [[2021 College Bowl TV Show]], but has not staged a competition for the general college level since the end of the ACUI partnership.<br />
<br />
==Tournament/field quality==<br />
<br />
For a full discussion of the mainstream quizbowl community's issues with the College Bowl program and the reasons for teams choosing not to participate, see the [[College Bowl|main page for College Bowl as a whole]]. This page is focused on the National Championship Tournament specifically.<br />
<br />
By 1990, several major contenders in [[ACF Nationals|ACF]] and, ultimately, [[NAQT ICT|NAQT]] tournaments such as [[Maryland]], [[Tennessee]], and [[Georgia Tech]] no longer participated in College Bowl. By 2000 the only regular participants in College Bowl among the top tier of quizbowl teams were [[Chicago]] and [[Michigan]], who themselves did not compete after the 2003-2004 season, and who never sent their best possible lineups to the tournament after 1998, due to a combination of the grad student restriction and individual players not wishing to play College Bowl. In the last eleven instances of the NCT, the only serious ICT or ACF title contenders who sent their best player lineups to College Bowl NCT were [[2006 UCLA]] and [[1998 Chicago|Chicago's 1998 team]], though other Chicago and Michigan lineups often won the NCT even without the top players from those clubs. The field quality below the top 4 was also very weak compared to other nationals due to the qualification system.<br />
<br />
==ACUI Regional System==<br />
<br />
During the time of the ACUI/College Bowl affiliation, ACUI was divided into 16 geographical regions. Regions 1-15 covered all areas of the United States and Canada. Region 16, for Australia, New Zealand, and "the Far East," never participated in College Bowl.<br />
<br />
Generally, each region held a tournament and the champion qualified for NCT. Except in 2003 (when only the 15 regional champions were invited), 1986 (when an intermediate "sectional" stage was used), and 1980 and 1981 (when 9 wild cards were invited to create a 24-team, multi-stage national tournament) the NCT field selected a 16th team by picking one regional runner-up as a wild card. The process for choosing the wild card was purported to be a random draw, though some questioned whether teams were actually chosen for other reasons. Though almost all NCTs had a 16-team field, the specific tournament format varied often, as noted below.<br />
<br />
From 2005 to 2007, the region 3 and 4 tournaments were combined in one, single-site event, with the highest-finishing teams from each region in the overall field each receiving NCT bids.<br />
<br />
ACUI's region system continued to influence tournament placement and nationals qualification during ACUI's affiliation with NAQT from 2010-2013, though with significantly less rigidity than during the College Bowl era. Since the end of ACUI involvement in quizbowl in 2013, they have reorganized into an 8-region system.<br />
<br />
==College Bowl NCT top finishers/locations==<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second Place<br />
! Third Place<br />
! Fourth Place<br />
! Host<br />
! Tournament format<ref>Formats used for old NCTs: https://web.archive.org/web/19970506201422/http://www.collegebowl.com/archives/archnct.html</ref><br />
! Stats<br />
|- <br />
| [[1978 NCT|1978]]<br />
| [[1978 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1978 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[1978 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1978 Oberlin|Oberlin]]<br />
| Probably the WTVJ studio in Miami<ref>The tournament was produced for CBS television and was advertised as being held "in Miami." WTVJ was the Miami CBS affiliate at the time and had a production studio with significant capabilities compared to most local stations, so this is the most likely location, though no contemporary article actually specifies it.</ref><br />
| "16-team single elimination tournament with final 3 matches and World's Championship taped for tv"<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[1979 NCT|1979]]<br />
| [[1979 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1979 Harvard|Harvard]]<ref>This team is denoted "Harvard-Radcliffe" in some sources. Harvard and Radcliffe began a formal affiliation in 1977 and merged into one university in 1999. Most likely, some students who began their university careers at an independent Radcliffe College did in fact play on this team.</ref><br />
| [[1979 Oberlin|Oberlin]]<br />
| [[1979 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| Probably the WTVJ studio in Miami<ref>The tournament was produced for CBS television and was advertised as being held "in Miami." WTVJ was the Miami CBS affiliate at the time and had a production studio with significant capabilities compared to most local stations, so this is the most likely location, though no contemporary article actually specifies it. One participate recalls playing the event at the Fontainebleau Miami Beach hotel, though that same account misremembers the Miami NCT as being held in 1980, so it is not clear if this is a reliable memory.</ref><br />
| "16-team single elimination tournament with final 3 matches and World's Championship taped for tv"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 NCT|1980]]<br />
| [[1980 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
| [[1980 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1980 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1980 Washington State|Washington State]]<br />
| Marshall and [[WUSTL]]<br />
| "24-team single-elimination tournament taped for radio in 2 phases"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1981 NCT|1981]]<br />
| [[1981 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1981 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1981 Marshall|Marshall]]<br />
| [[1981 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| Marshall<br />
| "24-team single-elimination tournament taped for radio"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 NCT|1982]]<br />
| [[1982 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1982 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1982 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1982 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| Probably the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City<ref>The tournament was produced for CBS radio and was advertised as being held "in New York," so this is the most likely location, though no contemporary article actually specifies it.</ref><br />
| "16-team single-elimination tournament taped for radio"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1983<br />
!colspan="7" |no tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 NCT|1984]]<br />
| [[1984 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1984 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1984 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1984 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[Ohio State]]<br />
| "16-team single-elimination tournament with final 3 games broadcast live as a one-hour NBC special"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<br />
!colspan="7" |no tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1986 NCT|1986]]<br />
| [[1986 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1986 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1986 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1986 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[Georgia Tech]]<br />
| "sectionals & 4-team double-elimination finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 NCT|1987]]<br />
| [[1987 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1987 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1987 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1987 Western Connecticut State|Western Connecticut State]]<br />
| Disney World, Orlando<br />
| "16-team single-elimination tournament taped for television"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1988 NCT|1988]]<br />
| [[1988 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1988 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1988 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1988 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[UIC]]<br />
| "16-team double elimination tournament with best 2-of-3 finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 NCT|1989]]<br />
| [[1989 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1989 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1989 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1989 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| DuPage<br />
| "16-team double elimination tournament with best 2-of-3 finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 NCT|1990]]<br />
| [[1990 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1990 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1990 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1990 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[Minnesota]]<br />
| "16-team double elimination tournament with best 2-of-3 finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 NCT|1991]]<br />
| [[1991 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1991 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1991 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1991 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[UIC]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1992 NCT|1992]]<br />
| [[1992 MIT|MIT]] <br />
| [[1992 Stanford|Stanford]] <br />
| [[1992 Penn|Penn]] <br />
| [[1992 Cornell|Cornell]] <br />
| [[George Washington]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 NCT|1993]]<br />
| [[1993 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1993 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1993 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1993 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[USC]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/alt.college.college-bowl/2vcB9OtdHXw/Ayr-kKTypxgJ Partial stats (standings & game scores)]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 NCT|1994]]<br />
| [[1994 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1994 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1994 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1994 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19970427082657/http://odin.mdacc.tmc.edu/~dct/college-bowl/nationals-94.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1995 NCT|1995]]<br />
| [[1995 Harvard|Harvard]] <br />
| [[1995 Chicago|Chicago]] <br />
| [[1995 Michigan|Michigan]] <br />
| [[1995 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]] <br />
| Akron<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19990202130820/http://www.northcoast.com/~dctuttle/college-bowl/nationals-95.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 NCT|1996]]<br />
| [[1996 Michigan|Michigan]] <br />
| [[1996 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1996 Princeton|Princeton]] <br />
| [[1996 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[Arizona State]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19990202145416/http://www.northcoast.com/~dctuttle/college-bowl/nationals-96.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1997 NCT|1997]]<br />
| [[1997 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1997 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1997 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1997 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| Montclair State<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19980201140138/http://collegebowl.com/nct/97results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 NCT|1998]]<br />
| [[1998 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1998 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1998 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1998 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[Texas-Dallas]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19980423064350/http://collegebowl.com/nct/98results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 NCT|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1999 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1999 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1999 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]]<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [http://collegebowl.com/nationalresultrpt.asp Standings only]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 NCT|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2000 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2000 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2000 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| Bentley<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20000925183158/http://www.collegebowl.com/cbowl/nct/00nct/results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 NCT|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2001 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2001 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[2001 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| Cal State-LA<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20020505182333/http://www.collegebowl.com/cbowl/nct/01nct/results.shtml Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 NCT|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2002 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2002 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2002 Providence|Providence]]<br />
| Kansas State<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20030218131141/http://www.collegebowl.com/cb/nct/02/results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 NCT|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2003 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2003 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2003 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[Penn]]<br />
| 15-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20080828185042/http://collegebowl.com/nct03/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 NCT|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2004 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2004 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2004 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[Auburn-Montgomery]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct04/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 NCT|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2005 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2005 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[2005 Truman State|Truman State]]<br />
| [[University of Washington]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct05/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 NCT|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2006 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2006 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[2006 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| Hartford<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct06/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 NCT|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2007 USC|USC]]<br />
| [[2007 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2007 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[USC]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct07/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 NCT|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2008 New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
| [[2008 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2008 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[Macalester]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct08/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Regional champions & wild cards==<br />
<br />
Except as discussed in footnotes and other text below, the set of "regional champions & wild card teams" for each year also comprises that year's list of NCT participants.<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Region 1<br />
! Region 2<br />
! Region 3<br />
! Region 4<br />
! Region 5<br />
! Region 6<br />
! Region 7<br />
! Region 8<br />
! Region 9<br />
! Region 10<br />
! Region 11<br />
! Region 12<br />
! Region 13<br />
! Region 14<br />
! Region 15<br />
! Wild card<br />
|- <br />
| [[1978 NCT|1978]]<br />
| [[1978 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[1978 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1978 Rutgers-Newark|Rutgers-Newark]]<br />
| [[1978 Charleston|Charleston]]<br />
| [[1978 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1978 Eckerd|Eckerd]]<br />
| [[1978 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[1978 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]]<br />
| [[1978 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1978 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1978 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1978 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1978 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1978 Puget Sound|Puget Sound]]<br />
| [[1978 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1978 Oberlin|Oberlin]] (R7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1979 NCT|1979]]<br />
| [[1979 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1979 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1979 Rutgers-Newark|Rutgers-Newark]]<br />
| [[1979 Marshall|Marshall]]<br />
| [[1979 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1979 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1979 Oberlin|Oberlin]]<br />
| [[1979 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]]<br />
| [[1979 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[1979 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1979 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1979 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1979 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1979 Pacific Lutheran|Pacific Lutheran]]<br />
| [[1979 San Francisco State|San Francisco State]]<br />
| [[1979 SIU-Carbondale|SIU-Carbondale]] (R9)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 NCT|1980]]<br />
| [[1980 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1980 SUNY-Oneonta|SUNY-Oneonta]]<br />
| [[1980 Rutgers-Newark|Rutgers-Newark]]<br />
| [[1980 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1980 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1980 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1980 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1980 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1980 Purdue|Purdue]]<br />
| [[1980 Iowa State|Iowa State]]<br />
| [[1980 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1980 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1980 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1980 Washington State|Washington State]]<br />
| [[1980 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
| See note<ref>This was one of the two years in which the NCT used a 3-stage, 24-team format. The additional teams invited besides the 15 regional champions were [[1980 Earlham|Earlham]], [[1980 Harvard|Harvard]], [[1980 Marshall|Marshall]], [[1980 Oklahoma Baptist|Oklahoma Baptist]], [[1980 Texas Christian|Texas Christian]], [[1980 Georgia|Georgia]], [[1980 Iowa|Iowa]], [[1980 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]], and [[1980 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]].</ref><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[1981 NCT|1981]]<br />
| [[1981 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1981 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[1981 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1981 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1981 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1981 Berry|Berry]]<br />
| [[1981 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[1981 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1981 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1981 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1981 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1981 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1981 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1981 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1981 San Francisco State|San Francisco State]]<br />
| See note<ref>This was one of the two years in which the NCT used a 3-stage, 24-team format. The additional teams invited besides the 15 regional champions were [[1981 Davidson|Davidson]], [[1981 Marshall|Marshall]], [[1981 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]], [[1981 Temple|Temple]], [[1981 Ohio State|Ohio State]], [[1981 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]], [[1981 Wake Forest|Wake Forest]], [[1981 Wichita State|Wichita State]], and [[1981 Yale|Yale]].<br />
</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 NCT|1982]]<br />
| [[1982 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1982 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[1982 Temple|Temple]]<br />
| [[1982 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1982 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1982 Alabama|Alabama]]<br />
| [[1982 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[1982 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1982 Purdue|Purdue]]<br />
| [[1982 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1982 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1982 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1982 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1982 Puget Sound|Puget Sound]]<br />
| [[1982 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
| [[1982 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| 1983<ref>The NCT was not held in 1983. As best as can be determined, a full set of Regional tournaments was run, but the complete list of winners is not preserved anywhere, and no wild-card team was named. 1983 teams are not counted as nationals appearances in the table.</ref><br />
| [[1983 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1983 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| <br />
| See note on 1983 tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 NCT|1984]]<br />
| [[1984 Brandeis|Brandeis]]<br />
| [[1984 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[1984 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1984 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1984 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1984 Georgia Southern-Armstrong|Georgia Southern-Armstrong]]<ref>"Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus" is the current full name of the school that was known as "Armstrong State College" at the time of this tournament.</ref><br />
| [[1984 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1984 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1984 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1984 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1984 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1984 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[1984 Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
| [[1984 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1984 San Jose State|San Jose State]]<br />
| [[1984 Berkeley|Berkeley]] (R15)<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<ref>The NCT was not held in 1985. As best as can be determined, no wild-card team was named. 1985 teams are not counted as nationals appearances in the table.</ref><br />
| [[1985 Connecticut|Connecticut]]<br />
| [[1985 Syracuse|Syracuse]]<br />
| [[1985 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1985 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1985 Duke|Duke]]<br />
| [[1985 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1985 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1985 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1985 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[1985 Carleton|Carleton]]<br />
| [[1985 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1985 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1985 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1985 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1985 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
| See note on 1985 tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1986 NCT|1986]]<br />
| [[1986 Dartmouth|Dartmouth]]<br />
| [[1986 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[1986 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1986 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1986 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]]<br />
| [[1986 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1986 Case Western|Case Western]]<br />
| [[1986 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1986 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1986 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1986 Kansas|Kansas]]<br />
| [[1986 Texas A&M|Texas A&M]]<br />
| [[1986 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1986 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[1986 UC-Irvine|UC-Irvine]]<br />
| See note<ref>This year used a "sectional" stage between the RCT and NCT. Only the top four teams, presumably the sectional champions, actually participated in the final national stage. Whether any teams beyond the 15 regional champions were invited to participate in the sectionals has not been determined; thus, it is possible there was no wild card in this year.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 NCT|1987]]<br />
| [[1987 Western Connecticut State|Western Connecticut State]]<br />
| [[1987 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1987 NYU|NYU]]<br />
| [[1987 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1987 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1987 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1987 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1987 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1987 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[1987 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1987 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1987 Louisiana State|Louisiana State]]<br />
| [[1987 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1987 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1987 UC-Irvine|UC-Irvine]]<br />
| [[1987 Kansas|Kansas]] (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1988 NCT|1988]]<br />
| [[1988 Harvard|Harvard]]/[[1988 MIT|MIT]]<ref name="NCT88bids">The Region 1 champion Harvard and the Region 14 champion Washington declined to attend the NCT. Harvard was replaced by runner-up MIT. Washington's spot was offered to the (unrecorded) second-place finisher, who also declined. To fill the remaining spot, a second wild-card draw was held. In addition to the original wild-card bid for Syracuse, region 12 runner-up LSU attended the tournament as the final replacement team as a result of the second draw.</ref><br />
| [[1988 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1988 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1988 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1988 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1988 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1988 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1988 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1988 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1988 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1988 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1988 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1988 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1988 Washington|Washington]]/None<ref name="NCT88bids">The Region 1 champion Harvard and the Region 14 champion Washington declined to attend the NCT. Harvard was replaced by runner-up MIT. Washington's spot was offered to the (unrecorded) second-place finisher, who also declined. To fill the remaining spot, a second wild-card draw was held. In addition to the original wild-card bid for Syracuse, region 12 runner-up LSU attended the tournament as the final replacement team as a result of the second draw.</ref><br />
| [[1988 UC-San Diego|UC-San Diego]]<br />
| [[1988 Syracuse|Syracuse]] (R2), [[1988 Louisiana State|Louisiana State]] (R12)<ref name="NCT88bids">The Region 1 champion Harvard and the Region 14 champion Washington declined to attend the NCT. Harvard was replaced by runner-up MIT. Washington's spot was offered to the (unrecorded) second-place finisher, who also declined. To fill the remaining spot, a second wild-card draw was held. In addition to the original wild-card bid for Syracuse, region 12 runner-up LSU attended the tournament as the final replacement team as a result of the second draw.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 NCT|1989]]<br />
| [[1989 Brandeis|Brandeis]]<br />
| [[1989 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1989 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1989 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1989 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1989 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1989 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1989 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1989 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1989 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1989 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1989 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1989 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1989 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1989 Pomona College|Pomona College]]<br />
| [[1989 Michigan State|Michigan State]] (R7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 NCT|1990]]<br />
| [[1990 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1990 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1990 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1990 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1990 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1990 Florida State|Florida State]]<br />
| [[1990 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1990 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1990 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1990 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1990 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1990 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1990 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1990 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1990 UC-Irvine|UC-Irvine]]<br />
| [[1990 Berry|Berry]] (R6)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 NCT|1991]]<br />
| [[1991 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[1991 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1991 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1991 Penn State|Penn State]]<br />
| [[1991 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1991 Georgia State|Georgia State]]<br />
| [[1991 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1991 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1991 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1991 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1991 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref><br />
| [[1991 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1991 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1991 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1991 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1991 WUSTL|WUSTL]] (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1992 NCT|1992]]<br />
| [[1992 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1992 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1992 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1992 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1992 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1992 Georgia State|Georgia State]]<br />
| [[1992 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1992 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1992 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1992 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1992 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref><br />
| [[1992 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1992 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1992 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1992 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1992 Iowa State|Iowa State]] (R10)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 NCT|1993]]<br />
| [[1993 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1993 SUNY-Albany|SUNY-Albany]]<br />
| [[1993 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1993 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1993 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1993 Berry|Berry]]<br />
| [[1993 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1993 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1993 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1993 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1993 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1993 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1993 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1993 Puget Sound|Puget Sound]]<br />
| [[1993 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1993 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref> (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 NCT|1994]]<br />
| [[1994 Dartmouth|Dartmouth]]<br />
| [[1994 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1994 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1994 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1994 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1994 Georgia State|Georgia State]]<br />
| [[1994 Western Michigan|Western Michigan]]<br />
| [[1994 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1994 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1994 Iowa State|Iowa State]]<br />
| [[1994 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref><br />
| [[1994 Midwestern State|Midwestern State]]<br />
| [[1994 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1994 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1994 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
| [[1994 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]] (R12)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1995 NCT|1995]]<br />
| [[1995 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1995 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1995 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1995 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1995 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1995 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1995 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1995 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1995 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1995 Iowa State|Iowa State]]<br />
| [[1995 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1995 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]]<br />
| [[1995 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1995 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[1995 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1995 Alfred|Alfred]] (R2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 NCT|1996]]<br />
| [[1996 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1996 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1996 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1996 Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins]]<br />
| [[1996 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1996 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1996 Western Michigan|Western Michigan]]<br />
| [[1996 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1996 SIU-Carbondale|SIU-Carbondale]]<br />
| [[1996 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1996 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1996 Houston|Houston]]<br />
| [[1996 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1996 Portland Community College-Sylvania|Portland Community College-Sylvania]]<br />
| [[1996 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1996 Michigan|Michigan]] (R7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1997 NCT|1997]]<br />
| [[1997 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1997 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1997 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1997 Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins]]<br />
| [[1997 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1997 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1997 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1997 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1997 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1997 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1997 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1997 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]]<br />
| [[1997 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1997 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[1997 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1997 Illinois-Chicago|Illinois-Chicago]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 NCT|1998]]<br />
| [[1998 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1998 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1998 NYU|NYU]]<br />
| [[1998 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[1998 South Carolina|South Carolina]]<br />
| [[1998 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1998 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1998 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1998 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1998 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1998 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1998 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]]<br />
| [[1998 Arizona State|Arizona State]]<br />
| [[1998 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[1998 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1998 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]] (R5)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 NCT|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 Williams|Williams]]<ref name="Williams">The Williams team attended the NCT site in 1999 but was not permitted to participate in games due to their faculty sponsor failing to arrive. This is counted as a nationals appearance in the table.</ref><br />
| [[1999 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1999 College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]]<br />
| [[1999 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1999 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]]<br />
| [[1999 Berry|Berry]]<br />
| [[1999 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1999 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1999 Illinois College|Illinois College]]<br />
| [[1999 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1999 Wichita State|Wichita State]]<br />
| [[1999 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[1999 Arizona State|Arizona State]]<br />
| [[1999 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[1999 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1999 Minnesota|Minnesota]] (R10)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 NCT|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2000 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[2000 College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]]<br />
| [[2000 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2000 Rhodes|Rhodes]]<br />
| [[2000 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2000 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2000 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[2000 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[2000 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[2000 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2000 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2000 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[2000 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[2000 USC|USC]]<br />
| [[2000 Chicago|Chicago]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 NCT|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2001 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[2001 Delaware|Delaware]]<br />
| [[2001 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2001 Centre|Centre]]<br />
| [[2001 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2001 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2001 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2001 Wabash|Wabash]]<br />
| [[2001 South Dakota|South Dakota]]<br />
| [[2001 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2001 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[2001 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[2001 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[2001 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2001 College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]] (R3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 NCT|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Providence|Providence]]<br />
| [[2002 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2002 NYU|NYU]]<br />
| [[2002 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2002 Roanoke|Roanoke]]<br />
| [[2002 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2002 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2002 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2002 IUPUI|IUPUI]]<br />
| [[2002 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2002 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2002 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2002 Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
| [[2002 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[2002 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2002 WUSTL|WUSTL]] (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 NCT|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Boston University|Boston University]]<br />
| [[2003 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2003 Delaware|Delaware]]<br />
| [[2003 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2003 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]]<br />
| [[2003 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2003 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2003 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2003 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[2003 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2003 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2003 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2003 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[2003 Montana State-Billings|Montana State-Billings]]<br />
| [[2003 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| See note<ref>There was no wild card team in 2003. The tournament ran with 15 teams.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 NCT|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Dartmouth|Dartmouth]]<br />
| [[2004 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[2004 SUNY-Stony Brook|SUNY-Stony Brook]]<br />
| [[2004 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[2004 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[2004 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2004 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2004 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2004 Rose-Hulman|Rose-Hulman]]<br />
| [[2004 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2004 Truman State|Truman State]]<br />
| [[2004 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[2004 Colorado State|Colorado State]]<br />
| [[2004 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[2004 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2004 Illinois-Chicago|Illinois-Chicago]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 NCT|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2005 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2005 SUNY-Stony Brook|SUNY-Stony Brook]]<ref name="combined">From 2005 to 2007, Region 3 and Region 4 ran a combined tournament. The overall winner, plus the highest-finishing team from the other region, received NCT bids. In all three years, the Region 4 team actually won. 2005 Stony Brook, 2006 Seton Hall, and 2007 Seton Hall received NCT bids as the highest-finishing Region 3 teams in each year.</ref><br />
| [[2005 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2005 Wofford|Wofford]]<br />
| [[2005 Georgia|Georgia]]<br />
| [[2005 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[2005 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
| [[2005 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2005 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2005 Truman State|Truman State]]<br />
| [[2005 Harding|Harding]]<br />
| [[2005 New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
| [[2005 Montana State-Billings|Montana State-Billings]]<br />
| [[2005 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[2005 Valdosta State|Valdosta State]] (R6)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 NCT|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 UMass-Lowell|UMass-Lowell]]<br />
| [[2006 St. Bonaventure|St. Bonaventure]]<br />
| [[2006 Seton Hall|Seton Hall]]<ref name="combined"></ref><br />
| [[2006 Bucknell|Bucknell]]<br />
| [[2006 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[2006 Valdosta State|Valdosta State]]<br />
| [[2006 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2006 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
| [[2006 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2006 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2006 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[2006 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[2006 Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
| [[2006 Montana State-Billings|Montana State-Billings]]<br />
| [[2006 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2006 New Mexico|New Mexico]] (R13)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 NCT|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2007 St. Bonaventure|St. Bonaventure]]<br />
| [[2007 Seton Hall|Seton Hall]]<ref name="combined"></ref><br />
| [[2007 UMBC|UMBC]]<br />
| [[2007 Southern Virginia|Southern Virginia]]<br />
| [[2007 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2007 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2007 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
| [[2007 Purdue|Purdue]]<br />
| [[2007 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2007 Missouri|Missouri]]<br />
| [[2007 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[2007 New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
| [[2007 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[2007 USC|USC]]<br />
| [[2007 Providence|Providence]] (R1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 NCT|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Providence|Providence]]<br />
| [[2008 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2008 Seton Hall|Seton Hall]]<br />
| [[2008 UMBC|UMBC]]<br />
| [[2008 Georgetown College|Georgetown College]]<br />
| [[2008 Florida State|Florida State]]<ref name="FSU">Florida State no-showed to the NCT in 2008. All of their games were recorded as losses with FSU scoring 0 points and each opponent scoring their tournament average PPG. This is not counted as an NCT appearance in the table.</ref><br />
| [[2008 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2008 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[2008 Ball State|Ball State]]<br />
| [[2008 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2008 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[2008 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[2008 Arizona State|Arizona State]]<br />
| [[2008 Western Oregon|Western Oregon]]<br />
| [[2008 Pomona College|Pomona College]]<br />
| [[2008 New Mexico|New Mexico]] (R13)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Teams by number of NCT appearances==<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;width: 40%;"<br />
|-<br />
! Appearances<ref>Includes teams which lost at the "Sectional" level in 1986.</ref><br />
! Team<br />
|-<br />
| 20<br />
| [[Minnesota]] <br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
| [[Chicago]] <br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
| [[Cornell]] <br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
| [[WUSTL]] <br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
| [[Michigan]] <br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
| [[Illinois]] · [[Utah]] <br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
| [[Florida]] · [[Stanford]] <br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
| [[Brigham Young]] · [[Princeton]] · [[Rice]] <br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
| [[Harvard]] · [[Virginia]] <br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
| [[Iowa]] · [[Ohio State]] · [[Oklahoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
| [[George Washington]] · [[Indiana]] · [[Pittsburgh]] · [[Truman State]] · [[Washington]] · [[Williams]]<ref name="Williams">The Williams team attended the NCT site in 1999 but was not permitted to participate in games due to their faculty sponsor failing to arrive. This is counted as a nationals appearance in the table.</ref> · [[Wisconsin]] <br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
| [[Georgetown]] · [[Michigan State]] · [[MIT]] · [[North Carolina]] · [[Rochester]] · [[UCLA]] <br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
| [[Alaska]] · [[Berry]] · [[Davidson]] · [[Idaho]] · [[Iowa State]] · [[Maryland]] · [[New Mexico]] · [[Notre Dame]] · [[Oregon]] · [[Penn]] · [[UT-Dallas]] · [[Wisconsin-Eau Claire]] <br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
| [[Arizona]] · [[Arizona State]] · [[Arkansas]] · [[Baylor]] · [[College of New Jersey]] · [[Dartmouth]] · [[Emory]] · [[Georgia State]] · [[Georgia Tech]] · [[Kent State]] · [[Marshall]] · [[Montana State-Billings]] · [[NC State]] · [[Northwestern]] · [[NYU]] · [[Providence]] · [[Puget Sound]] · [[Purdue]] · [[Rutgers-Newark]] · [[Seton Hall]] · [[Texas]] · [[Tulane]] · [[UC-Irvine]] · [[Vanderbilt]] · [[Vassar]] · [[Virginia Tech]] <br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
| [[Berkeley]] · [[Brandeis]] · [[Delaware]] · [[Fresno State]] · [[Georgia]] · [[Illinois-Chicago]] · [[Johns Hopkins]] · [[Kansas]] · [[Louisiana State]] · [[Oberlin]] · [[Pomona College]] · [[San Francisco State]] · [[SIU-Carbondale]] · [[St. Bonaventure]] · [[SUNY-Stony Brook]] · [[Temple]] · [[UMBC]] · [[USC]] · [[Valdosta State]] · [[Western Michigan]] · [[Wichita State]] · [[Yale]] <br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
| [[Alabama]] · [[Alfred]] · [[Ball State]] · [[Boston University]] · [[Bucknell]] · [[Case Western]] · [[Centre]] · [[Charleston]] · [[Colorado State]] · [[Earlham]] · [[Eckerd]] · [[Florida State]]<ref name="FSU">Florida State no-showed to the NCT in 2008. All of their games were recorded as losses with FSU scoring 0 points and each opponent scoring their tournament average PPG. This is not counted as an NCT appearance in the table.</ref> · [[Georgia Southern-Armstrong]] · [[Georgetown College]] · [[Harding]] · [[Houston]] · [[Illinois College]] · [[IUPUI]]· [[Midwestern State]] · [[Missouri]] · [[Oklahoma Baptist]] · [[Pacific Lutheran]] · [[Penn State]] · [[Portland Community College-Sylvania]] · [[Rhodes]] · [[Roanoke]] · [[Rose-Hulman]] · [[San Jose State]] · [[South Carolina]] · [[South Dakota]] · [[Southern Virginia]] · [[SUNY-Albany]] · [[SUNY-Oneonta]] · [[Texas A&M]] · [[Texas Christian]] · [[UC-San Diego]] · [[UMass-Lowell]] · [[Wabash]] · [[Wake Forest]] · [[Washington State]] · [[Western Connecticut State]] · [[Western Oregon]] · [[Wofford]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==NCT medal count==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Team<br />
! Championships<br />
! Second Place Finishes<br><span style="font-size:85%">(Total Top 2 Finishes)<br />
! Third Place Finishes<br><span style="font-size:85%">(Total Top 3 Finishes)<br />
! Fourth Place Finishes<br><span style="font-size:85%">(Total Top 4 Finishes)<br />
|- <br />
| [[Arkansas]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Baylor]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Brigham Young]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chicago]]<br />
| 4<br />
| 2 (6)<br />
| 1 (7)<br />
| 2 (9)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cornell]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 4 (7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Davidson]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Emory]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 2 (3)<br />
| 1 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fresno State]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[George Washington]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 2 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Georgetown]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Georgia Tech]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Harvard]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 2 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
| 1 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Illinois]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kent State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marshall]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maryland]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michigan]]<br />
| 5<br />
| 3 (8)<br />
| 1 (9)<br />
| 0 (9)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michigan State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Minnesota]]<br />
| 6<br />
| 0 (6)<br />
| 3 (9)<br />
| 1 (10)<br />
|-<br />
| [[MIT]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[NC State]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[New Mexico]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[North Carolina]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oberlin]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ohio State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Penn]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Princeton]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 3 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Providence]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rice]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rochester]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stanford]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 2 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Texas]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Truman State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[UCLA]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[USC]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Utah]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vassar]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Virginia]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 2 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Virginia Tech]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Washington State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Western Connecticut State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Williams]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wisconsin]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[WUSTL]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 2 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yale]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:National championships]]<br />
[[Category:Bad quizbowl]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Buzzer&diff=62501Buzzer2023-11-22T02:06:02Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* History of Quizbowl Buzzers */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Intro}}<br />
<br />
[[File:JudgeBuzzer.jpeg|thumb|The Judge]]<br />
<br />
'''Buzzer system''', '''buzzer''', and '''lockout system''' are the common names for the device used to indicate which player has signaled their desire to answer a question first. Such systems are necessary for all standard quizbowl games because they make it clear which player was the first to attempt to answer a question.<br />
<br />
While using a buzzer system, players '''buzz''' to answer a question. Other players are prevented from buzzing ("locked out") after one player has buzzed until the system is [[cleared|reset]].<br />
<br />
A buzzer system consists of a control unit that sits near the moderator, which connects to individual buttons or paddles held by each player. When a player buzzes in, the system produces a sound and activates a light indicating which player buzzed. Many more expensive systems have individual lights next to each player, while most lower-priced systems have smaller lights or light only on the control unit.<br />
<br />
Almost all [[tournament]]s require some number of teams to bring buzzers in order to have enough to run the tournament properly; for this reason, [[Tournament director]]s usually offer a discount to teams that bring a buzzer. When too few buzzers are present, teams must play [[slapbowl]], where buzzing is indicated by slapping the desk or saying something like "buzz." This is no longer common in the vast majority of modern quizbowl tournaments.<br />
<br />
Online tournaments typically use an online buzzer system like [[Buzzin.live]], which functions for players in much the same way as an in-person buzzer. It is possible to use USB buzzers attached to players' computers as the activator for online buzzers, though this is not necessary and generally either a mouse or a phone touchscreen is used. While physical buzzers may use pure electronic hardware logic to determine who has buzzed first, online systems used in serious tournament play must account for varying Internet speed/lag through various approaches, in order to actually determine who has buzzed first in real time rather than who has the best connection to the server.<br />
<br />
==History of Quizbowl Buzzers==<br />
The earliest quizbowl-style competitions appeared to use either a system of hand-raising (sometimes with other officials activating a buzzer after seeing a hand raised) or shouting the answer before the other team. The [[College Bowl]] TV show implemented a buzzer system as part of its studio set, but [https://web.archive.org/web/20120531092825/https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~quizbowl/newsletters/ACF_Newsletter_9-3.txt portable buzzers took longer to emerge]. The [[Berry]] College team in 1971 created a home-made portable buzzer system while a patent for a portable buzzer system was filed in 1972. Previous "lockout" buzzer systems had been used by [[Bible Bowl]] as early as the 1950s, but they were apparently not very portable. [[John P. Reynolds]] of Dayton, OH, who was likely affiliated with Bible Bowl, is the inventor of the buzzer system under the most straightforward interpretation of the concepts of "inventor" and "buzzer system."<br />
<br />
To be usable in quizbowl, buzzer systems now have some kind of light that indicates who buzzed in first, as well as a sound that alerts the reader to stop reading the question and look for the light. Some older buzzer systems used a mechanical bell or other physical device instead of making a "buzz" sound. All currently manufactured systems play an electronically synthesized tone of some kind, with the QuikPro being closest to an onomatopoeiac "buzz" sound. Most current systems use two or more tones of different pitches and/or lengths, so that which of the teams has buzzed can be determined by sound alone before searching for the individual player using the lights.<br />
<br />
[[File:Bible bowl schematic.png|200px|thumb|center|Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl]] [[File:Bible bowl schematic 2.png|200px|thumb|center|Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl (back)]]<br />
<br />
==Choosing a buzzer system (2019 Em Gunter post)==<br />
<br />
There are many things to take into consideration when deciding which buzzer system to purchase including price, durability, portability, and other factors. Below is a brief overview of [[Em Gunter]]'s [https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 guide to choosing a buzzer system] on the [[hsquizbowl.org forums]]. This covers 4 of the most commonly seen systems that can still be purchased as of March 2020 (thus leaving out [[The Judge]], which appears to be unavailable for purchase anymore, but which due to its near-indestructibility remains present on many circuits).<br />
<br />
===[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzers]: [$265-$290]===<br />
<br />
Anderson buzzers come in two versions: daisy-chained boxes and individual hand-held indicators. purchasing the daisy-chained version is suggested due to their ease of use and high durability. When disassembled these buzzers only have 4 parts making it nearly impossible to accidentally leave part of the system lying around. The control unit is a simple box and each strip of buzzers connects on either side of the unit. These buzzers are extremely durable and are only known to fail in cases of extreme negligence. Andersons are the cheapest and most reliable buzzers that can be purchased and are often recommended over any other system. In general, it is a much better idea to purchase two sets of Andersons rather than a single set of QuikPros or Zeecrafts due to the far superior build of the Andersons. The one downside, however, to Andersons is that the AC adapter for the system is extremely short so purchasing an extension cord is highly suggested.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com Buzzers]: [~$299]===<br />
<br />
The buzzers from BuzzerSystems.com feature a control unit with individual activators contained within boxes that connect to the control unit by audio cables. The control unit features a reset button and 16 ports to allow the support of up to 16 players which is higher than any other commonly found system. Set up of this system is slightly more complicated than the Andersons because you have to plug a cable into each individual activator and a port on the control unit. Players who enjoy holding their activator but are seeking a higher quality or cheaper set will most likely prefer this set over Andersons. The main downside to this system is the quality of the cables that come with the set when you purchase it. When purchasing this system it is recommended that you additionally invest in a set of replacement cables that can be found at Amazon or a local electronics retailer.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ QuikPro Buzzers]: [$289-$489]===<br />
<br />
QuikPro buzzers come in two general types. You either have hand-held activators directly connected to the control unit from a single connection or individual lights with hand-held activators attached. The version with hand-held activators but not lights are generally far more reliable than the version with individual lights. QuikPro buzzers use cables similar to those used for home telephones and the connectors are often prone to snapping. The reset button on QuikPro buzzers can often fail due to poor wiring and may require the splicing of new wire in for continued functionality. The set up of this system is fairly simple but there are many cords that can easily get tangled or damaged which can increase set up and tear down time significantly compared to other systems. <br />
<br />
===[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Buzzers]: [$465-$730]===<br />
<br />
These are by far the most expensive buzzers you can buy and while they look extremely nice they don't hold up very well. Many people have experience with these sets as they commonly show up at various national championship tournaments. Zeecraft systems have 8 individual lights with individual hand-held activators. The individual lights themselves are extremely fragile and will crack or pop off if they fall on the ground or jostle inside the case. The buzzers connect to the control unit using telephone cables and the clips on these tend to snap off quite easily. The craftmanship of Zeecraft buzzers is inferior to that of other systems. The soldering is often messy and these systems fail significantly sooner than other systems available for purchase. Additionally, Zeecrafts are incredibly time-consuming to set up and take even longer to put away due to the barely-big-enough case designed for the system. Taking into account the very high cost and lack of durability it is suggested that you stay away from Zeecraft buzzers for individual team use.<br />
<br />
==Model-specific information==<br />
<br />
This table is intended to aggregate information about all models of buzzer that are usable for ordinary NAQT/ACF-style quizbowl, including those that are no longer manufactured. Systems that may be suitable only for Knowledge Bowl or other peripheral formats will be added in the future.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! Manufacturer<br />
! Model<br />
! Still being made as of 2022?<br />
! Lowest cost for usable system<ref>Lowest possible cost, excluding shipping and carrying case, for a new system in the model line that can currently be ordered from the manufacturer's website and meets [https://www.naqt.com/nationals/buzzer-discount-policy.html NAQT's definition] of an acceptable buzzer. Higher-priced variants with more features (e.g. additional player activators or a different style of activator), or lower-priced systems that are not usable for ordinary quizbowl (e.g. because they have fewer than eight activators), or usable lower-priced models that are no longer offered as new products and can only be acquired secondhand, may also be available. Information was researched and current as of 12/20/22.</ref><br />
! Advantages<br />
! Disadvantages<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Combo Quik Pro<br />
|Yes<br />
|$395<br />
|This newer system is a good balance of the Quik Pro's benefits with innovations to make it more compact and less fragile. The individual activators have a button set in the middle of a light and are permanently hardwired together; the only thing to plug in is one connector per team. The whole system fits in a shoebox and is only a few inches larger than the miniaturized Anderson system so it's one of the most portable. All Quik Pro models except the Basic have a small timer mounted to the system - this can be used for various game timing functions though it is not visible to the players like the Zeecraft timers are.<br />
| Because each team side is permanently hardwired, the individual activators are not modular; if you have an 8-player system and one activator fails then there is no way to "switch it out" and the whole thing has to be sent in for repair. However, the system seems to be fairly durable and may not have this issue often. The only connector in the system is the unusual Quik Pro data port, so there's no off-the-shelf extension available like there is for phone/Ethernet/RCA style cords; conversely, when the connectors are long enough to accommodate a medium-sized classroom, it's recommended to tape them down to the floor to avoid tripping hazards. Repairs for Quik Pro systems tend to be expensive in comparison to other manufacturers.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Basic<br />
|Yes<br />
|$289<br />
|Good loud buzzing sound, affordable cost, extremely compact and easy to set up (just plug it into the wall and you're done).<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$489<br />
|"Siren" style lights are the most visible available and are good for larger rooms or for formats that require recognizing by buzzer color. They are easily recognized as a "buzzer system" even when not plugged in and are a good eye-catching aid in recruitment environments such as activities fairs. Timer included.<br />
|Plastic on sirens cracks fairly easily, especially if you're trying to balance the whole system on a classroom desk where it will inevitably fall off. Recommend using some velcro/tape to secure the components to the desk surface to try to avoid this happening too often. RJ11 connectors have the usual issues (perhaps even more so since unlike the Zeecraft the connector end goes into the individual buzzer rather than the control unit and will be moving around constantly) so be prepared to perform maintenance.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$518<br />
|Strobe may be a good solution for improving visibility in very large rooms. Timer included.<br />
|Same as the Deluxe.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Elite<br />
|Yes<br />
|$448<br />
|By far the simplest and most compact system for accommodating more than 10 players, e.g. at large practices or in certain "Bee" formats. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Handheld/Handpad<br />
|Yes<br />
|$320<br />
|Probably the best connector style for detachable handheld activators - they don't tend to fall out like the NEDs or break like the Zeecraft/QuikPros. Available in cylinder button or "slap-pad" styles. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Tabletop<br />
|Yes<br />
|$290<br />
|Generally considered one of the best values for a new buzzer - despite the issues mentioned here you can usually get a few years out of it before sending it in for a cheap repair. Very appealing when looking at long-term cost of ownership. Variable volume control. Since 2020 or so this system has been offered in a miniaturized version that's easier to transport and so far seems to have fewer of the maintenance issues. Anderson has a good reputation for effective customer service & affordable repairs when needed. The cords from the first buzzer in each team chain to the control unit are fairly long and work for almost any room setup without worrying about purchasing extensions.<br />
|Hard-wired connections on both sides of 8 out of 10 activators mean there is no way to pack the system without stressing and, sooner or later, breaking the wires. Reset button can stick. LEDs on activators will often sink into the unit, though this is fairly easy to repair. Power pack is fragile and is subject to the wire breaking/fraying or the pack simply ceasing to work after a period of time. A lot of players have an annoying habit of covering the light on these systems when they buzz, so you will need to remind people not to do that.<br />
|-<br />
|Boling<ref>This company appears to still be in business but their website is non-secure so the link is not included at this time.</ref><br />
|Funbuzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$445<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://edapi.com/genius-game/?lang=en Edapi]<br />
|Genius Game<br />
|Yes<br />
|~$365<ref>This is a Quebec-based company which lists prices on its website in Canadian dollars. As of December 2022 the base price is CAD$495 which is US$364. Exchange rates vary over time and additional charges related to shipping or customs when ordering from the U.S. may apply.</ref><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|10-Player Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$360<br />
|Of the major manufacturers, NED systems are probably the most historically reliable in terms of need for repair per hour of use, and they tend to accumulate less visible wear and tear over time than similarly priced systems.<br />
|The RCA-style connectors used in these systems are imperfect and are too easily yanked out by normal movement or loosened over time. Securing the connections with additional tape etc. is recommended if feasible for your use conditions. This model doesn't have lights in front of the players.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|High-Visibility Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$559<br />
|Same as other NED systems plus larger individual desktop lights.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$645<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|The handheld activators that go to the desktop units have the same issue as other NED systems with RCA connectors. The other connectors in this system are eight-pin style similar to Anderson connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Team-Box Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$475<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player). Same issue with RCA connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Traditional Buzzer System – BASIC<br />
|Yes<br />
|$339<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Who's Next? Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$399<br />
|Offers a functionality for determining who buzzed second, third, etc that can be switched on or off as desired.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|A/G Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$465<br />
|Quiz Equipment activators are all modular and are available in various form factors including slap-pads and handheld cylinders.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Basic Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$305<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Quizbowl Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$436<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|World Bible Quiz system<br />
|Yes<br />
|$535<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[http://quizsystems.com/products.htm QuizSystems]<br />
|QS2000A<br />
|Yes<br />
|$260<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://rolls.com/product/GS76RL Rolls]<br />
|GS76RL Game Show Controller<br />
|?<br />
|Lists for $189 new though currently sold out, not sure if more are being manufactured<br />
|Compact but still has individual lights<br />
|The reset button does not clear the system if someone is holding down one of the activator buttons<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.trebisky.com/product-page/trebisky-game-show-buzzer-standalone-system-w-led-light-buttons-8-player Trebisky]<br />
|Game Show Buzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$90<br />
|The lowest-priced new system, and is sold through Amazon so has lots of payment options.<br />
| ''Extremely'' fragile system using very cheap components that is likely to arrive with at least one activator already broken. There is no way that this system will stand up to the ordinary wear and tear of travel or game use. The system as designed theoretically meets tournament usability requirements, but in reality is probably not suited for actual quizbowl team needs and is better used for non-quizbowl classroom or entertainment applications.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://tripleqquestions.com/product/8-player-sho-me-smart-light-buzzer-system/ Triple-Q/Sho-Me]<br />
|Smart Light<br />
|Yes<br />
|$450<br />
|The images of this system look identical to the JBQ bar system - possibly the original manufacturer was acquired by Triple Q?<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|UniAsia<ref>This company appears to still be in business but does not have a website that I could find.</ref><br />
|QZ-825<br />
|Yes<br />
|$115<br />
|At this price, if you can get 2 years out of them, it's probably worth it even if they don't last longer than that.<br />
|From pictures, this seems to be basically the same design as the no-longer-made SVBZ buzzers, which proved somewhat fragile and difficult to set up.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger I<br />
|Yes<br />
|$495<br />
|All Challenger models accommodate either the "regular buzzer" (unit with button and small light for each player), the "Showtime handgrip" ("trigger" style buzzer with separate large rectangular light unit for each player), or the "Showtime tabletop" (the smaller square light unit). Loud buzzing tone that's less harsh than the QuikPro.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair. The Showtime handgrips have large plastic covers that will probably crack if dropped repeatedly; as with the Quik Pro Deluxe, you should try to secure them to the table when using to avoid this. Properly setting up and repacking the system, including using velcro or tape to avoid damage to the Showtime units, takes longer than any other currently manufactured buzzer (though not as long as the SVBZ).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger II<br />
|Yes<br />
|$610<br />
|Various built-in timing functions; can show a visible countdown for an NAQT-style game clock or rules such as 5 seconds per bonus part, etc.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger III<br />
|Yes<br />
|$720<br />
|Adds lights on the control unit to the Challenger II features.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Discover<br />
|Yes<br />
|$365<br />
|<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Deluxe<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Officiator Elite is now offered instead.<br />
|Has an LED screen on the control unit to display certain information about buzzing order.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Creative Electronic Designs<br />
|Quiz Wizard II<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can accommodate 16 players in large practice environments etc. Generally fairly durable; one or two buzzers may go dead but these systems are well over 20 years old and are still seen from time to time. Long cords.<br />
|Everything is hardwired together, which combined with the cord length means it can become tangled, hence "The Knot." No way to do individual activator repairs. This system has no lights at all; when a player buzzes, the moderator must read their buzzer number from an LCD screen. Annoyingly, the buzzers are numbered A1 through A4, B1 through B4, C1 through C4, and D1 through D4, which means you shouldn't use both D and B in a game since those are hard to distinguish. The buzzer numbers inscribed on the activators wear off over time so the only way to determine the numbers is for everyone to remember what comes up at the buzzer check. The additional step of calling out the buzzer number means that these systems should probably not be used in timed games (e.g. official NAQT national events). For a "barebones" system with no special features, the unit is surprisingly large; it takes up about as much space as a Quik Pro Deluxe or other system that uses that space to provide individual light units to each player.<br />
|-<br />
|Educational Technologies<br />
|Inquisitor<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Electramatic<br />
|The Judge<br />
|???<br />
|Electramatic has always had a very basic and uninformative web presence. It may still be possible to order this system by phone, or not.<br />
|Simple setup (basically just take the single hard-wired mass of equipment out of the case).<br />
|Breaks easily, especially the covers on the lights which protrude from the case and are not protected in any way. Everything being hardwired together with relatively short cords means that there's little flexibility in adapting to room setups and it's extremely easy for one errant move to drag the whole system to the floor. No lights in front of individual players. Confusing "timer" function on the reset switch often causes problems with uncleared buzzers in games.<br />
|-<br />
|JEM<br />
|Buzz Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Logitek<br />
|Quiztron<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|Buzzer lights are encased in the most enormous pieces of translucent plastic known in any buzzer system, with twelve panes over a foot long used in each system. This means they are very easily cracked and the remaining examples of these buzzers all look very beat-up.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Deluxe System<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System is now offered instead.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Paléogénies<br />
|Génies-Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pitsco<br />
|Quiz Wizard I<br />
|No<br />
|Pitsco Education is still in business and will likely be able to repair old systems, but they no longer manufacture new buzzers. <br />
|Very durable, compact, easy-to-set-up system.<br />
|Lights on console only, no individual player lights. The system does a 3-second "self-test" routine every time it is reset rather than just when initially powered up, which is annoying and in timed formats possibly makes it unusable.<br />
|-<br />
|QuizCo<br />
|The Quiz Machine<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can extend lengths with off-the-shelf RCA cords.<br />
|Electronic design of this system is completely dependent on "daisy chain" signal pass-through; one dead activator or cord will make every subsequent unit in the string unusable, so testing and avoiding disturbing the cords throughout the game becomes even more important than usual. System exhibits other weird behavior at times (e.g., touching anything conductive to the cord ports will cause the buzzer to go off).<br />
|-<br />
|SVBZ<br />
|SVBZ System<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Both an AC adapter and a battery powered mode (9-volt) are available by default.<br />
|This system uses a huge tree of wires to connect the activators to the control unit and must be totally pulled apart and separated (preferably in individual plastic bags or similar) before being repacked. If you try to pack it up without undoing all the connections even once it will become a hopeless tangle and require 15+ minutes of work to get back to a usable state. Components are cheap and fail often. With SVBZ out of business and the system out of warranty, you should only use this system if you can acquire 2 of them, as that is the only way to have a reasonable shot at pulling enough working parts to make one fully usable system. All connections need to be pushed together as tightly as possible or buzzers will stop working and you will have to hunt through the spiderweb of wires to find the problem. Many people find the buzzing noise on this system to be harsh/unpleasant.<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic Professional<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Adds individual colored lights and a detachable handheld cylinder-button activator to the original Q-a-M design. Branded with College Bowl logo.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Very reliable system with many units from 30+ years ago still functioning in quizbowl. Extremely good ergonomics on the button design, and a quaint "bell" sound is used for the buzzing noise.<br />
|Each team side is hardwired together, so there is a possibility of wire stress when packing and it's not possible to replace just one buzzer. With the company defunct, unless you can figure out how to fix the electronics on your own, once the unit goes below 8 working activators it's done for.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes on buying used buzzers==<br />
<br />
Buzzer systems fairly often appear on resale websites, primarily eBay but also sometimes Etsy, Goodwill, and government auction aggregators. Often these were buzzers owned by secondary schools which closed and whose movable property was sold as a lot to a dealer, or systems formerly owned by non-quizbowl campus groups such as college activities offices affiliated with now-defunct programs (e.g. ACUI College Bowl).<br />
<br />
*Don't buy a buzzer that won't be usable - the most common system seen here is the Trebisky Game Show Buzzer, which is marketed to a more general audience than quizbowl and primarily uses eBay and Amazon to reach buyers. As mentioned above, while information on this system is included because its technical layout meets the criteria for quizbowl buzzers, it is not a good choice for a quizbowl team and will basically be a waste of money (or time as you return it). The UniAsia QZ-825 also appears on eBay very often; it's possible that this is a more reliable system, but it has not been seen in mainstream quizbowl yet and nothing can be said for sure.<br />
*Extend your search terms- Most people making these sales are not "quizbowl people" and are guessing at what the item is called. Search for "quiz buzzer," "lockout system," "trivia," brand names such as Quik Pro, Zeecraft, etc., and be prepared to scroll past a lot of false positives.<br />
*Read terms- A lot of bulk sellers will, as a policy, not test or guarantee any electronics. Buying an "as-is" buzzer system is a needless risk and should generally be treated as code for "buying a non-working system." Sometimes, smaller sellers will be willing to plug in and test a system if you tell them how to do it - remember, they are not quizbowl people, they will need a little nudge as to what you are looking for.<br />
*The value proposition of a used buzzer is totally different than a new one because you are getting a discount. The reasons that it might not make sense to pay $700 for a Zeecraft become almost irrelevant if someone is selling the same unit for $100. The least expensive new buzzers that are generally expected to be usable over the long term include the $289 QuikPro Basic, the $290 Anderson Officiator Tabletop, and the $360 NED 10-Player. If your budget is lower and you can at least be assured that what you are buying is returnable if it doesn't work, then almost any model of buzzer at substantially less than $289 becomes a good deal.<br />
*Don't be afraid to negotiate, including using eBay's offer system. Most sellers have no idea what prices "should" be and are open to considering lowering prices, especially if the item has been on sale for a while. The inverse of the above point is - if I can get a brand new buzzer for $290 then why would I pay $500 for one that's used, banged up, covered in pieces of tape and writing that says Blahville Middle School, etc? Many sellers will find this persuasive.<br />
*Discuss lowering shipping costs as well. Most systems can be sent through regular USPS for less than $30. If someone insists on charging more and this brings the total cost of the purchase beyond what makes sense, let them know.<br />
*Know what can be repaired on your end - burnt out light bulbs, broken phone jacks, etc. are easy; completely nonfunctional electronic boards aren't. Once you know what you can repair, see what discounted "broken" systems may not be so broken after all. A system that is still supported but is missing one or two working activators might still prove a good deal after calculating the total cost of buying the used system and ordering replacement activators from the manufacturer.<br />
<br />
Overall, buying used can be a great option for those on a very limited budget or clubs looking to buy a second or third buzzer in an open-ended timeframe. You will almost always find something usable for under $200 if you know how to search and have a little patience. The more of these units that are brought back into the mainstream quizbowl ecosystem, the better it will be for the issue of supplying buzzers to tournaments.<br />
<br />
==Purchasing a buzzer system==<br />
<br />
New quiz bowl programs commonly ask how and where to buy a buzzer system. Overtime all buzzers break down, so it is often better to purchase more durable systems such as Andersons, which are the cheapest and provide good warranties, than to a more expensive system because it looks better or you have heard rumors that it is less likely to fail. Local civic organizations are a good place to reach out to if your school division denies funding for a buzzer system.<br />
<br />
There are other concerns about buying a buzzer system for quiz bowl:<br />
*Quiz bowl does not use "self-resetting" systems; you should buy a buzzer with a moderator reset button.<br />
*Wireless buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play due to the potential for lag.<br />
*Phone- and tablet-based buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play and serious practice due to the potential for distraction or cheating by using such devices' other functions.<br />
*Battery-operated buzzer systems will require you to always keep spare batteries in the case in the event of a mid-tournament battery failure. For tournament use, systems plugging into building power are preferred (it helps to keep an extension cord in the case because some rooms have inconveniently-located power outlets).<br />
*Individual player lights on or next to each player's buzzer make it easier for everyone to recognize who has buzzed in first.<br />
<br />
===[[Matt's Buzzers]]===<br />
<br />
Matt's Buzzers is a charity set up by Sheryl and Mike Cvijanovich, the parents of [[Matt Cvijanovich]]. It awards grants to teams seeking to buy buzzer systems. These grants are given in Matt's honor.<br />
<br />
===Buzzer exhibit===<br />
<br />
The Fondren Library at [[Rice]] University displays three buzzer systems formerly used by the Rice team as part of an exhibit on the history of Rice's quizbowl program.<br />
<br />
===Terminology===<br />
<br />
"Buzzer system" (used in most mainstream quizbowl) and "lockout system" (used in College Bowl) are the most common terms. Game shows such as ''Jeopardy!'' that use similar systems refer to them as a "signaling device." The terms "indicator system," "lockout/indicator," and "quiz box" are seen occasionally.<br />
<br />
The rules of at least two high school leagues in 2022 (one in Ohio and one in Georgia) still use the trademarked model name "Quiz-a-Matic" to refer to buzzers in general, despite the fact that the Quiz-a-Matic has not been manufactured since 1996, suggesting that this system was once so common that its name began to genericize.<br />
<br />
==Official systems==<br />
<br />
While almost all tournaments allow any buzzer that meets their technical requirements and rarely have the luxury of turning away any working buzzers supplied by teams, some models are more common in certain environments:<br />
*[[NHBB]] endorses the [[Anderson]] Officiator to teams and uses that model for their company-owned reserve of buzzers.<br />
*[[NAQT]] owns several dozen [[NED]] buzzers and does, or formerly did, have many company-owned [[Judge]]s as well.<br />
*[[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]] uses a stock of [[Quik Pro]] Deluxe buzzers at its state tournament and endorses Quik Pro for purchase by participating teams. Scholastic Bowl-only programs almost invariably own a Quik Pro Deluxe with the siren-style buzzers; other models appear at regional-level VHSL tournaments only when more active teams that purchased buzzers outside of VHSL's recommendation supply them.<br />
*Off-TV [[College Bowl]] used [[Zeecraft]] Challenger I buzzers at its official events after University Research Company stopped making its prior official buzzer, the Quizamatic, in 1996. The purchase of this model by colleges running intramural tournaments and the subsequent end of the College Bowl campus program may explain this buzzer's frequent appearance on secondhand resale websites.<br />
*The Creative Electronic Designs Quiz Wizard II was the official buzzer used by [[Certamen]] teams. As of 2023, now that the Quiz Wizard II is no longer being made, the NJCL is making and repairing its own systems. As Certamen involves 12 players at a time, not all quizbowl systems are usable for this format. <br />
*Televised high school quizbowl shows that don't build their own custom buzzers through the TV station's engineers often use Zeecrafts with the Showtime activators, which are fairly easily modified to output to a large light in front of a podium.<br />
<br />
The Quik Pro Deluxe "siren" style buzzers provide some advantage in games played before large audiences, as they have by far the largest lights, and the only large lights that are omnidirectional, of any available system. In extreme cases (e.g. national finals games played on stages in hotel conference rooms in front of hundreds of people) there is no out-of-the-box buzzer that lights up brightly enough to overcome the combined effects of the stage lighting and the size of the room, and the audience has to rely on listening to who is answering the question to determine who buzzed. The only way to overcome this is to re-route the light bulb socket in a buzzer that uses lamps (such as certain Zeecraft or NED models) to a larger, more powerful light on the front of the players' table/podium; outside of televised events, this method was once commonly done at the [[National Academic Championship]] and was used for the finals of the 2004 [[PACE NSC]].<br />
<br />
==Gallery of buzzer systems==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Quizco-quizmachine.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The Quiz Machine (aka the "QuizDuck" for its unique quack-like buzzing sound).|alt=alt language<br />
File:20playerquizco.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The 4-team, 20-player version of the Quiz Machine.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Paleogenies-geh.jpg|Manufacturer:Paléogénies<br>Model: Génies-Box used for [[Génies en herbe]] and related competitions in Quebec|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizard1-pitsco.jpg|Manufacturer: Pitsco<br>Model: Quiz Wizard I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizardii-ced.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Electronic Designs<br>Model: Quiz Wizard II aka "The Knot"|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thejudge2.jpg|Manufacturer: Electramatic<br>Model: The Judge|alt=alt language<br />
File:Biblebowl.jpg|Manufacturer:<br>Model: [[Bible Bowl]] system that was produced by third-party builders & also made freely available as a schematic|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe. Quik Pro offers various "deluxe" models with large lights as seen here.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpb.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Basic. This has lights on the control unit only; players need to be aware of which color/number light is theirs.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpcombo.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: New Combo Quik Pro with ergonomic single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:QPcombo_quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: Old-style Combo Quik Pro with rounded single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:Anderson-officiator.jpg|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: Officiator with 10 desktop activators|alt=alt language<br />
File:Officiator16.png|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: 32-player version of the Officiator Deluxe (since discontinued and replaced with the similar Officiator Elite). This comes with either the "paddle" or smaller handheld activators.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-buzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with one handheld activator set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-setup.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with eight desktop activators set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nedchain.png|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: Part of the still-manufactured older design from NED/Buzzersytems.com, which they call the "chain link" system, using Ethernet-style connectors|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger2.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II in the case.|alt=alt language<br />
File:4-1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II view approximating game-usable setup. Note: The distinguishing features of the various Zeecraft models are on the control unit; the different styles of activators are generally interchangeable from one model to another.|alt=alt language<br />
File:S-l1600.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with single-piece style individual light activators. The "BUZZ IN" stickers were applied by the manufacturer and often appear on this model of activator.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger-tabletop.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with the less-often seen large light tabletop units|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger3.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: A Challenger III control unit|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbz.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Full SVBZ system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbzblue.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: A lit-up SVBZ activator with their most common light design.|alt=alt language.<br />
File:Svbz_round.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Large, round activator used in the last years of SVBZ|alt=alt language<br />
File:Bolling-funb.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Funbuzzer with two activators visible|alt=alt language<br />
File:Funbuzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Full view of the Funbuzzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Shomesmartlight.jpg|Manufacturer: Sho-Me Systems<br>Model: Smart Light|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quiz_equipment_basic_quizbox.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: Basic Quiz Box. These systems are modular and are sold with the buyer's choice of control unit/activator unit style combinations.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Buzzer-board-organized.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: "Buzzer Board" marketed to Bible Bowl participants|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qz825.jpg|Manufacturer: UniAsia<br>Model: QZ825, a Hong Kong-manufactured system often seen on eBay for a low cost|alt=alt language<br />
File:Trebisky.jpg|Manufacturer: Trebisky<br>Low-cost China-made system of dubious quality heavily promoted online|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ion-electricals-india.webp|Manufacturer: Ion Electricals<br>Model: System used in [[Indian quizzing]]|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nasco.png|Manufacturer: Nasco<br>Model: Classroom Challenger|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizmaster.png|Manufacturer: Erickson<br>Model: Quizmaster|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamatic.png|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: Classic Quizamatic. The physical bell which produces the sound upon "buzzing" is visible.|alt=alt language<br />
File:8366d3093dc379e431be6e14f8ac7d21.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: The Quizamatic Professional, featuring individual player lights and College Bowl branding.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamaticset.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: One team set up for the Quiz-a-Matic Professional|alt=alt language<br />
File:Esl-slamsystem.png|Manufacturer: ESL<br>Model: Slam System.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Prod_18222294424.jpg|Manufacturer: Trainers' Warehouse<br>Model: Me First Answer Dome (wireless system)|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizsystems-QS2000A.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Systems<br>Model: QS2000A|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1229.webp|Manufacturer: QuizSystems.com<br>Model: Closer view of part of a QuizSystems buzzer system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1232.webp|Manufacturer: Logitek<br>Model: Quiztron|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jembuzzbox.jpg|Manufacturer: JEM<br>Model: Buzz Box|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edapi-questionairre.jpg|Manufacturer: EDAPI<br>Model: Genius Game (showing control unit only without activators)|alt=alt language<br />
File:BigDaddy_10-Player_System_400.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: Big Daddy. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:PowerGrip-wired-full-system-16-9.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: PowerGrip. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Rollsg76.jpg|Manufacturer: Rolls<br>Model: GS76RL|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jbq.jpg|Manufacturer: JBQ<br>Model: "Bar" system formerly used in Junior Bible Quiz|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tanddenterprisesthequizzer.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer in the case|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tdquizzer2.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: Another view of The Quizzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thequizzr3.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer with a lit-up activator|alt=alt language<br />
File:Creative-engineering-gsm-plus.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Imagineering<br>Model: Lockout Plus|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edinsights.jpg|Manufacturer: Educational Insights<br>Model: Quiz Bowl buzzer set|alt=alt language<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Reference for common buzzer parts & repair tools==<br />
<br />
*Anderson power pack - available on their website http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/replacementparts.html, if using a third-party power supply, set output to 9V and use the 3.5mm connector (off-the-shelf power packs should come with an assortment of connectors)<br />
*Bulbs for Zeecraft "showtime" activators - #47 or #1847 "bayonet" or "pinball" style such as these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09LC968GK (LED) or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00455IHYM (traditional incandescent filament) Note - Modern LED bulbs placed in older Zeecraft systems will glow faintly whenever the system is plugged in, but they will still clearly get much brighter when the player buzzes and are entirely usable for the purposes of a buzzer. If you can get old incandescent bulbs, they won't do this, but they are more expensive, you will have to replace them more often and, at some point in the future, such bulbs will no longer be made.<br />
*Bulbs for NED systems - while these look superficially similar to the Zeecraft bulbs they are not interchangeable. NED sells replacement LED bulbs here: https://buzzersystems.com/product/light-bulb-long-life-red/ and the specs per their page are 12-14V, 25mA, T 3-1/4 BA9S size<br />
*Fuses for QuikPro systems - 0.5 amp 1" x 1 1/4" glass tube, e.g. these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BXHWAM<br />
*Soldering iron for wire connections - any kind, available anywhere hardware is sold<br />
*Crimping kit for RJ11 ("phone jack") and RJ45 ("Ethernet") tab connectors used by QuikPro, Zeecraft, and other manufacturers - https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0756SN86D or any similar kit plus pack of connectors https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008EAK1FM<br />
*Screwdrivers are needed for opening Anderson units to fix sunken bulbs, opening Zeecraft showtime light units to replace the bulbs, and other general repair tasks. These will be included in most crimping kits, otherwise supply your own.<br />
<br />
Keeping the above tools and parts with your buzzer can save a tournament from running short.<br />
<br />
*Buzzer cases: All extant manufacturers sell bags or cases that are intended to fit their buzzers; check the appropriate websites. Otherwise, nearly every system will fit into one of the following options:<br />
**16 or 20 inch toolboxes: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000HD60PE or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0032Y8RIS, also available at any store that sells hardware or fishing supplies<br />
**"Catalog cases" - for example https://www.amazon.com/Solo-New-York-Classic-USLB1514/dp/B000IJ9O8W/ - these are what NED sells for their systems. The difference between a small "catalog case" and a large "laptop case" is somewhat blurry, so look into all options for the dimensions you need.<br />
**Nearly any system besides the full-size Zeecrafts and the Quik Pro Deluxe will fit in an ordinary household storage bin like this: https://www.amazon.com/Tribello-Clear-Plastic-Storage-Containers/dp/B08H8X25XZ which are sold everywhere<br />
**The new miniaturized Anderson system, original-style Quizamatics, and QuizPro basic systems will fit in an average cardboard shoebox.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
*[https://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 So You Want to Buy a Buzzer System]<br />
*[http://www.mattsbuzzers.com/ Matt's Buzzers]<br />
*[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzer Systems]<br />
*[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
*[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ Quik Pro]<br />
*[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Tech]<br />
*[https://www.delcomproducts.com/productdetails.asp?PartNumber=706400-1M Delcom USB Handheld Buzzer]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOMwm8EAXb8 A Quiz-a-Matic buzzer system being tested]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl basics]]<br />
[[Category:Buzzers]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=File:Bible_bowl_schematic_2.png&diff=62500File:Bible bowl schematic 2.png2023-11-22T02:03:45Z<p>Matt Weiner: Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl (page 2 of 2)</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl (page 2 of 2)</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=File:Bible_bowl_schematic.png&diff=62499File:Bible bowl schematic.png2023-11-22T02:03:17Z<p>Matt Weiner: Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl (page 1 of 2)</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Schematic for an electromechanical buzzer used in Bible Bowl (page 1 of 2)</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=NCT&diff=62459NCT2023-11-15T20:15:04Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''National Championship Tournament''' ('''NCT''') was held annually by the [[College Bowl]] Company, Inc., to determine its format's national title during the company's affiliation with [[ACUI]] from 1977-1978 to 2007-2008. Occasional matches appeared on radio or TV during that time.<br />
<br />
The [[College Bowl]]-ACUI program was discontinued after 2008. College Bowl continued to offer products to limited markets such as the [[HCASC]] and the [[2021 College Bowl TV Show]], but has not staged a competition for the general college level since the end of the ACUI partnership.<br />
<br />
==Tournament/field quality==<br />
<br />
For a full discussion of the mainstream quizbowl community's issues with the College Bowl program and the reasons for teams choosing not to participate, see the [[College Bowl|main page for College Bowl as a whole]]. This page is focused on the National Championship Tournament specifically.<br />
<br />
By 1990, several major contenders in [[ACF Nationals|ACF]] and, ultimately, [[NAQT ICT|NAQT]] tournaments such as [[Maryland]], [[Tennessee]], and [[Georgia Tech]] no longer participated in College Bowl. By 2000 the only regular participants in College Bowl among the top tier of quizbowl teams were [[Chicago]] and [[Michigan]], who themselves did not compete after the 2003-2004 season, and who never sent their best possible lineups to the tournament after 1998, due to a combination of the grad student restriction and individual players not wishing to play College Bowl. In the last eleven instances of the NCT, the only serious ICT or ACF title contenders who sent their best player lineups to College Bowl NCT were [[2006 UCLA]] and [[1998 Chicago|Chicago's 1998 team]], though other Chicago and Michigan lineups often won the NCT even without the top players from those clubs. The field quality below the top 4 was also very weak compared to other nationals due to the qualification system.<br />
<br />
==ACUI Regional System==<br />
<br />
During the time of the ACUI/College Bowl affiliation, ACUI was divided into 16 geographical regions. Regions 1-15 covered all areas of the United States and Canada. Region 16, for Australia, New Zealand, and "the Far East," never participated in College Bowl.<br />
<br />
Generally, each region held a tournament and the champion qualified for NCT. Except in 2003 (when only the 15 regional champions were invited), 1986 (when an intermediate "sectional" stage was used), and 1980 and 1981 (when 9 wild cards were invited to create a 24-team, multi-stage national tournament) the NCT field selected a 16th team by picking one regional runner-up as a wild card. The process for choosing the wild card was purported to be a random draw, though some questioned whether teams were actually chosen for other reasons. Though almost all NCTs had a 16-team field, the specific tournament format varied often, as noted below.<br />
<br />
From 2005 to 2007, the region 3 and 4 tournaments were combined in one, single-site event, with the highest-finishing teams from each region in the overall field each receiving NCT bids.<br />
<br />
ACUI's region system continued to influence tournament placement and nationals qualification during ACUI's affiliation with NAQT from 2010-2013, though with significantly less rigidity than during the College Bowl era. Since the end of ACUI involvement in quizbowl in 2013, they have reorganized into an 8-region system.<br />
<br />
==College Bowl NCT top finishers/locations==<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second Place<br />
! Third Place<br />
! Fourth Place<br />
! Host<br />
! Tournament format<ref>Formats used for old NCTs: https://web.archive.org/web/19970506201422/http://www.collegebowl.com/archives/archnct.html</ref><br />
! Stats<br />
|- <br />
| [[1978 NCT|1978]]<br />
| [[1978 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1978 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[1978 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1978 Oberlin|Oberlin]]<br />
| Probably the WTVJ studio in Miami<ref>The tournament was produced for CBS television and was advertised as being held "in Miami." WTVJ was the Miami CBS affiliate at the time and had a production studio with significant capabilities compared to most local stations, so this is the most likely location, though no contemporary article actually specifies it.</ref><br />
| "16-team single elimination tournament with final 3 matches and World's Championship taped for tv"<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[1979 NCT|1979]]<br />
| [[1979 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1979 Harvard|Harvard]]<ref>This team is denoted "Harvard-Radcliffe" in some sources. Harvard and Radcliffe began a formal affiliation in 1977 and merged into one university in 1999. Most likely, some students who began their university careers at an independent Radcliffe College did in fact play on this team.</ref><br />
| [[1979 Oberlin|Oberlin]]<br />
| [[1979 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| Probably the WTVJ studio in Miami<ref>The tournament was produced for CBS television and was advertised as being held "in Miami." WTVJ was the Miami CBS affiliate at the time and had a production studio with significant capabilities compared to most local stations, so this is the most likely location, though no contemporary article actually specifies it.</ref><br />
| "16-team single elimination tournament with final 3 matches and World's Championship taped for tv"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 NCT|1980]]<br />
| [[1980 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
| [[1980 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1980 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1980 Washington State|Washington State]]<br />
| Marshall and [[WUSTL]]<br />
| "24-team single-elimination tournament taped for radio in 2 phases"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1981 NCT|1981]]<br />
| [[1981 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1981 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1981 Marshall|Marshall]]<br />
| [[1981 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| Marshall<br />
| "24-team single-elimination tournament taped for radio"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 NCT|1982]]<br />
| [[1982 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1982 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1982 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1982 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| Probably the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City<ref>The tournament was produced for CBS radio and was advertised as being held "in New York," so this is the most likely location, though no contemporary article actually specifies it.</ref><br />
| "16-team single-elimination tournament taped for radio"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1983<br />
!colspan="7" |no tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 NCT|1984]]<br />
| [[1984 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1984 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1984 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1984 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[Ohio State]]<br />
| "16-team single-elimination tournament with final 3 games broadcast live as a one-hour NBC special"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<br />
!colspan="7" |no tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1986 NCT|1986]]<br />
| [[1986 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1986 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1986 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1986 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[Georgia Tech]]<br />
| "sectionals & 4-team double-elimination finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 NCT|1987]]<br />
| [[1987 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1987 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1987 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1987 Western Connecticut State|Western Connecticut State]]<br />
| Disney World, Orlando<br />
| "16-team single-elimination tournament taped for television"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1988 NCT|1988]]<br />
| [[1988 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1988 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1988 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1988 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[UIC]]<br />
| "16-team double elimination tournament with best 2-of-3 finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 NCT|1989]]<br />
| [[1989 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1989 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1989 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1989 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| DuPage<br />
| "16-team double elimination tournament with best 2-of-3 finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 NCT|1990]]<br />
| [[1990 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1990 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1990 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1990 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[Minnesota]]<br />
| "16-team double elimination tournament with best 2-of-3 finals"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 NCT|1991]]<br />
| [[1991 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1991 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1991 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1991 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[UIC]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1992 NCT|1992]]<br />
| [[1992 MIT|MIT]] <br />
| [[1992 Stanford|Stanford]] <br />
| [[1992 Penn|Penn]] <br />
| [[1992 Cornell|Cornell]] <br />
| [[George Washington]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 NCT|1993]]<br />
| [[1993 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1993 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1993 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1993 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[USC]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/alt.college.college-bowl/2vcB9OtdHXw/Ayr-kKTypxgJ Partial stats (standings & game scores)]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 NCT|1994]]<br />
| [[1994 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1994 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1994 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1994 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19970427082657/http://odin.mdacc.tmc.edu/~dct/college-bowl/nationals-94.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1995 NCT|1995]]<br />
| [[1995 Harvard|Harvard]] <br />
| [[1995 Chicago|Chicago]] <br />
| [[1995 Michigan|Michigan]] <br />
| [[1995 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]] <br />
| Akron<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19990202130820/http://www.northcoast.com/~dctuttle/college-bowl/nationals-95.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 NCT|1996]]<br />
| [[1996 Michigan|Michigan]] <br />
| [[1996 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1996 Princeton|Princeton]] <br />
| [[1996 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[Arizona State]]<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19990202145416/http://www.northcoast.com/~dctuttle/college-bowl/nationals-96.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1997 NCT|1997]]<br />
| [[1997 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1997 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1997 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1997 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| Montclair State<br />
| "16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 playoff"<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19980201140138/http://collegebowl.com/nct/97results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 NCT|1998]]<br />
| [[1998 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1998 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1998 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1998 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[Texas-Dallas]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/19980423064350/http://collegebowl.com/nct/98results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 NCT|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1999 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1999 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1999 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]]<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [http://collegebowl.com/nationalresultrpt.asp Standings only]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 NCT|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2000 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2000 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2000 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| Bentley<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20000925183158/http://www.collegebowl.com/cbowl/nct/00nct/results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 NCT|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2001 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2001 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[2001 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| Cal State-LA<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20020505182333/http://www.collegebowl.com/cbowl/nct/01nct/results.shtml Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 NCT|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2002 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2002 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2002 Providence|Providence]]<br />
| Kansas State<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with best 2-of-3 finals<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20030218131141/http://www.collegebowl.com/cb/nct/02/results.html Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 NCT|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2003 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2003 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2003 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[Penn]]<br />
| 15-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20080828185042/http://collegebowl.com/nct03/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 NCT|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2004 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2004 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2004 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[Auburn-Montgomery]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct04/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 NCT|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2005 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2005 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[2005 Truman State|Truman State]]<br />
| [[University of Washington]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct05/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 NCT|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2006 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2006 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[2006 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| Hartford<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct06/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 NCT|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2007 USC|USC]]<br />
| [[2007 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2007 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[USC]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct07/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 NCT|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2008 New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
| [[2008 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2008 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[Macalester]]<br />
| 16-team full round robin tournament with double-elim playoff among top 4<br />
| [http://www.collegebowl.com/nct08/results.asp Stats]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Regional champions & wild cards==<br />
<br />
Except as discussed in footnotes and other text below, the set of "regional champions & wild card teams" for each year also comprises that year's list of NCT participants.<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Region 1<br />
! Region 2<br />
! Region 3<br />
! Region 4<br />
! Region 5<br />
! Region 6<br />
! Region 7<br />
! Region 8<br />
! Region 9<br />
! Region 10<br />
! Region 11<br />
! Region 12<br />
! Region 13<br />
! Region 14<br />
! Region 15<br />
! Wild card<br />
|- <br />
| [[1978 NCT|1978]]<br />
| [[1978 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[1978 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1978 Rutgers-Newark|Rutgers-Newark]]<br />
| [[1978 Charleston|Charleston]]<br />
| [[1978 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1978 Eckerd|Eckerd]]<br />
| [[1978 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[1978 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]]<br />
| [[1978 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1978 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1978 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1978 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1978 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1978 Puget Sound|Puget Sound]]<br />
| [[1978 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1978 Oberlin|Oberlin]] (R7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1979 NCT|1979]]<br />
| [[1979 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1979 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1979 Rutgers-Newark|Rutgers-Newark]]<br />
| [[1979 Marshall|Marshall]]<br />
| [[1979 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1979 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1979 Oberlin|Oberlin]]<br />
| [[1979 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]]<br />
| [[1979 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[1979 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1979 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1979 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1979 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1979 Pacific Lutheran|Pacific Lutheran]]<br />
| [[1979 San Francisco State|San Francisco State]]<br />
| [[1979 SIU-Carbondale|SIU-Carbondale]] (R9)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 NCT|1980]]<br />
| [[1980 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1980 SUNY-Oneonta|SUNY-Oneonta]]<br />
| [[1980 Rutgers-Newark|Rutgers-Newark]]<br />
| [[1980 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1980 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1980 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1980 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1980 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1980 Purdue|Purdue]]<br />
| [[1980 Iowa State|Iowa State]]<br />
| [[1980 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1980 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1980 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1980 Washington State|Washington State]]<br />
| [[1980 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
| See note<ref>This was one of the two years in which the NCT used a 3-stage, 24-team format. The additional teams invited besides the 15 regional champions were [[1980 Earlham|Earlham]], [[1980 Harvard|Harvard]], [[1980 Marshall|Marshall]], [[1980 Oklahoma Baptist|Oklahoma Baptist]], [[1980 Texas Christian|Texas Christian]], [[1980 Georgia|Georgia]], [[1980 Iowa|Iowa]], [[1980 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]], and [[1980 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]].</ref><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[1981 NCT|1981]]<br />
| [[1981 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1981 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[1981 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1981 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1981 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1981 Berry|Berry]]<br />
| [[1981 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[1981 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1981 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1981 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1981 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1981 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1981 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1981 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1981 San Francisco State|San Francisco State]]<br />
| See note<ref>This was one of the two years in which the NCT used a 3-stage, 24-team format. The additional teams invited besides the 15 regional champions were [[1981 Davidson|Davidson]], [[1981 Marshall|Marshall]], [[1981 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]], [[1981 Temple|Temple]], [[1981 Ohio State|Ohio State]], [[1981 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]], [[1981 Wake Forest|Wake Forest]], [[1981 Wichita State|Wichita State]], and [[1981 Yale|Yale]].<br />
</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 NCT|1982]]<br />
| [[1982 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1982 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[1982 Temple|Temple]]<br />
| [[1982 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1982 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1982 Alabama|Alabama]]<br />
| [[1982 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[1982 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1982 Purdue|Purdue]]<br />
| [[1982 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1982 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1982 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1982 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1982 Puget Sound|Puget Sound]]<br />
| [[1982 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
| [[1982 Wisconsin-Eau Claire|Wisconsin-Eau Claire]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| 1983<ref>The NCT was not held in 1983. As best as can be determined, a full set of Regional tournaments was run, but the complete list of winners is not preserved anywhere, and no wild-card team was named. 1983 teams are not counted as nationals appearances in the table.</ref><br />
| [[1983 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
|<br />
| [[1983 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1983 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| <br />
| See note on 1983 tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 NCT|1984]]<br />
| [[1984 Brandeis|Brandeis]]<br />
| [[1984 Vassar|Vassar]]<br />
| [[1984 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1984 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1984 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
| [[1984 Georgia Southern-Armstrong|Georgia Southern-Armstrong]]<ref>"Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus" is the current full name of the school that was known as "Armstrong State College" at the time of this tournament.</ref><br />
| [[1984 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1984 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1984 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1984 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1984 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1984 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[1984 Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
| [[1984 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1984 San Jose State|San Jose State]]<br />
| [[1984 Berkeley|Berkeley]] (R15)<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<ref>The NCT was not held in 1985. As best as can be determined, no wild-card team was named. 1985 teams are not counted as nationals appearances in the table.</ref><br />
| [[1985 Connecticut|Connecticut]]<br />
| [[1985 Syracuse|Syracuse]]<br />
| [[1985 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1985 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1985 Duke|Duke]]<br />
| [[1985 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1985 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1985 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1985 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[1985 Carleton|Carleton]]<br />
| [[1985 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1985 Tulane|Tulane]]<br />
| [[1985 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1985 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1985 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
| See note on 1985 tournament<br />
|-<br />
| [[1986 NCT|1986]]<br />
| [[1986 Dartmouth|Dartmouth]]<br />
| [[1986 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[1986 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1986 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1986 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]]<br />
| [[1986 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1986 Case Western|Case Western]]<br />
| [[1986 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1986 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1986 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1986 Kansas|Kansas]]<br />
| [[1986 Texas A&M|Texas A&M]]<br />
| [[1986 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1986 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[1986 UC-Irvine|UC-Irvine]]<br />
| See note<ref>This year used a "sectional" stage between the RCT and NCT. Only the top four teams, presumably the sectional champions, actually participated in the final national stage. Whether any teams beyond the 15 regional champions were invited to participate in the sectionals has not been determined; thus, it is possible there was no wild card in this year.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 NCT|1987]]<br />
| [[1987 Western Connecticut State|Western Connecticut State]]<br />
| [[1987 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1987 NYU|NYU]]<br />
| [[1987 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1987 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1987 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1987 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1987 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1987 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[1987 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1987 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1987 Louisiana State|Louisiana State]]<br />
| [[1987 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1987 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1987 UC-Irvine|UC-Irvine]]<br />
| [[1987 Kansas|Kansas]] (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1988 NCT|1988]]<br />
| [[1988 Harvard|Harvard]]/[[1988 MIT|MIT]]<ref name="NCT88bids">The Region 1 champion Harvard and the Region 14 champion Washington declined to attend the NCT. Harvard was replaced by runner-up MIT. Washington's spot was offered to the (unrecorded) second-place finisher, who also declined. To fill the remaining spot, a second wild-card draw was held. In addition to the original wild-card bid for Syracuse, region 12 runner-up LSU attended the tournament as the final replacement team as a result of the second draw.</ref><br />
| [[1988 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1988 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1988 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1988 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1988 Emory|Emory]]<br />
| [[1988 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1988 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1988 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1988 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1988 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1988 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1988 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1988 Washington|Washington]]/None<ref name="NCT88bids">The Region 1 champion Harvard and the Region 14 champion Washington declined to attend the NCT. Harvard was replaced by runner-up MIT. Washington's spot was offered to the (unrecorded) second-place finisher, who also declined. To fill the remaining spot, a second wild-card draw was held. In addition to the original wild-card bid for Syracuse, region 12 runner-up LSU attended the tournament as the final replacement team as a result of the second draw.</ref><br />
| [[1988 UC-San Diego|UC-San Diego]]<br />
| [[1988 Syracuse|Syracuse]] (R2), [[1988 Louisiana State|Louisiana State]] (R12)<ref name="NCT88bids">The Region 1 champion Harvard and the Region 14 champion Washington declined to attend the NCT. Harvard was replaced by runner-up MIT. Washington's spot was offered to the (unrecorded) second-place finisher, who also declined. To fill the remaining spot, a second wild-card draw was held. In addition to the original wild-card bid for Syracuse, region 12 runner-up LSU attended the tournament as the final replacement team as a result of the second draw.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 NCT|1989]]<br />
| [[1989 Brandeis|Brandeis]]<br />
| [[1989 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1989 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1989 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1989 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1989 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[1989 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1989 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1989 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1989 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1989 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1989 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1989 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1989 Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
| [[1989 Pomona College|Pomona College]]<br />
| [[1989 Michigan State|Michigan State]] (R7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 NCT|1990]]<br />
| [[1990 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1990 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1990 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1990 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1990 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1990 Florida State|Florida State]]<br />
| [[1990 Kent State|Kent State]]<br />
| [[1990 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1990 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1990 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1990 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1990 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1990 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1990 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1990 UC-Irvine|UC-Irvine]]<br />
| [[1990 Berry|Berry]] (R6)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 NCT|1991]]<br />
| [[1991 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[1991 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1991 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1991 Penn State|Penn State]]<br />
| [[1991 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1991 Georgia State|Georgia State]]<br />
| [[1991 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1991 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[1991 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1991 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1991 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref><br />
| [[1991 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1991 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1991 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1991 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1991 WUSTL|WUSTL]] (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1992 NCT|1992]]<br />
| [[1992 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1992 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1992 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1992 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[1992 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1992 Georgia State|Georgia State]]<br />
| [[1992 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1992 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1992 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1992 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1992 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref><br />
| [[1992 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1992 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1992 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1992 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1992 Iowa State|Iowa State]] (R10)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 NCT|1993]]<br />
| [[1993 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1993 SUNY-Albany|SUNY-Albany]]<br />
| [[1993 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[1993 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1993 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1993 Berry|Berry]]<br />
| [[1993 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1993 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1993 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1993 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1993 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1993 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1993 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1993 Puget Sound|Puget Sound]]<br />
| [[1993 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1993 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref> (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 NCT|1994]]<br />
| [[1994 Dartmouth|Dartmouth]]<br />
| [[1994 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1994 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1994 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1994 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1994 Georgia State|Georgia State]]<br />
| [[1994 Western Michigan|Western Michigan]]<br />
| [[1994 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1994 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1994 Iowa State|Iowa State]]<br />
| [[1994 Truman State|Truman State]]<ref name="truman">The school now known as Truman State University was called Northeast Missouri State University until June 1996.</ref><br />
| [[1994 Midwestern State|Midwestern State]]<br />
| [[1994 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1994 Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
| [[1994 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
| [[1994 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]] (R12)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1995 NCT|1995]]<br />
| [[1995 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1995 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1995 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1995 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1995 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1995 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1995 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1995 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1995 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[1995 Iowa State|Iowa State]]<br />
| [[1995 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1995 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]]<br />
| [[1995 Brigham Young|Brigham Young]]<br />
| [[1995 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[1995 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1995 Alfred|Alfred]] (R2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 NCT|1996]]<br />
| [[1996 MIT|MIT]]<br />
| [[1996 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1996 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1996 Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins]]<br />
| [[1996 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1996 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1996 Western Michigan|Western Michigan]]<br />
| [[1996 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1996 SIU-Carbondale|SIU-Carbondale]]<br />
| [[1996 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1996 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1996 Houston|Houston]]<br />
| [[1996 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1996 Portland Community College-Sylvania|Portland Community College-Sylvania]]<br />
| [[1996 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1996 Michigan|Michigan]] (R7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1997 NCT|1997]]<br />
| [[1997 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1997 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1997 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1997 Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins]]<br />
| [[1997 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1997 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1997 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[1997 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1997 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1997 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1997 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[1997 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]]<br />
| [[1997 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[1997 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[1997 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1997 Illinois-Chicago|Illinois-Chicago]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 NCT|1998]]<br />
| [[1998 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[1998 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1998 NYU|NYU]]<br />
| [[1998 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[1998 South Carolina|South Carolina]]<br />
| [[1998 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[1998 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1998 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1998 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[1998 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1998 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[1998 UT-Dallas|UT-Dallas]]<br />
| [[1998 Arizona State|Arizona State]]<br />
| [[1998 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[1998 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1998 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]] (R5)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 NCT|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 Williams|Williams]]<ref name="Williams">The Williams team attended the NCT site in 1999 but was not permitted to participate in games due to their faculty sponsor failing to arrive. This is counted as a nationals appearance in the table.</ref><br />
| [[1999 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[1999 College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]]<br />
| [[1999 George Washington|George Washington]]<br />
| [[1999 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]]<br />
| [[1999 Berry|Berry]]<br />
| [[1999 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1999 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[1999 Illinois College|Illinois College]]<br />
| [[1999 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[1999 Wichita State|Wichita State]]<br />
| [[1999 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[1999 Arizona State|Arizona State]]<br />
| [[1999 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[1999 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[1999 Minnesota|Minnesota]] (R10)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 NCT|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2000 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[2000 College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]]<br />
| [[2000 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2000 Rhodes|Rhodes]]<br />
| [[2000 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2000 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2000 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[2000 Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
| [[2000 Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
| [[2000 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2000 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2000 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[2000 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[2000 USC|USC]]<br />
| [[2000 Chicago|Chicago]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 NCT|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2001 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[2001 Delaware|Delaware]]<br />
| [[2001 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2001 Centre|Centre]]<br />
| [[2001 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2001 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2001 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2001 Wabash|Wabash]]<br />
| [[2001 South Dakota|South Dakota]]<br />
| [[2001 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2001 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[2001 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[2001 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[2001 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2001 College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]] (R3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 NCT|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Providence|Providence]]<br />
| [[2002 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2002 NYU|NYU]]<br />
| [[2002 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2002 Roanoke|Roanoke]]<br />
| [[2002 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2002 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2002 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2002 IUPUI|IUPUI]]<br />
| [[2002 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2002 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2002 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2002 Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
| [[2002 Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
| [[2002 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2002 WUSTL|WUSTL]] (R11)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 NCT|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Boston University|Boston University]]<br />
| [[2003 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2003 Delaware|Delaware]]<br />
| [[2003 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2003 Virginia Tech|Virginia Tech]]<br />
| [[2003 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2003 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2003 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2003 Notre Dame|Notre Dame]]<br />
| [[2003 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2003 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2003 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
| [[2003 Utah|Utah]]<br />
| [[2003 Montana State-Billings|Montana State-Billings]]<br />
| [[2003 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| See note<ref>There was no wild card team in 2003. The tournament ran with 15 teams.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 NCT|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Dartmouth|Dartmouth]]<br />
| [[2004 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
| [[2004 SUNY-Stony Brook|SUNY-Stony Brook]]<br />
| [[2004 Georgetown|Georgetown]]<br />
| [[2004 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[2004 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2004 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2004 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2004 Rose-Hulman|Rose-Hulman]]<br />
| [[2004 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2004 Truman State|Truman State]]<br />
| [[2004 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[2004 Colorado State|Colorado State]]<br />
| [[2004 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[2004 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2004 Illinois-Chicago|Illinois-Chicago]] (R8)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 NCT|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2005 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2005 SUNY-Stony Brook|SUNY-Stony Brook]]<ref name="combined">From 2005 to 2007, Region 3 and Region 4 ran a combined tournament. The overall winner, plus the highest-finishing team from the other region, received NCT bids. In all three years, the Region 4 team actually won. 2005 Stony Brook, 2006 Seton Hall, and 2007 Seton Hall received NCT bids as the highest-finishing Region 3 teams in each year.</ref><br />
| [[2005 Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh]]<br />
| [[2005 Wofford|Wofford]]<br />
| [[2005 Georgia|Georgia]]<br />
| [[2005 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[2005 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
| [[2005 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2005 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2005 Truman State|Truman State]]<br />
| [[2005 Harding|Harding]]<br />
| [[2005 New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
| [[2005 Montana State-Billings|Montana State-Billings]]<br />
| [[2005 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[2005 Valdosta State|Valdosta State]] (R6)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 NCT|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 UMass-Lowell|UMass-Lowell]]<br />
| [[2006 St. Bonaventure|St. Bonaventure]]<br />
| [[2006 Seton Hall|Seton Hall]]<ref name="combined"></ref><br />
| [[2006 Bucknell|Bucknell]]<br />
| [[2006 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[2006 Valdosta State|Valdosta State]]<br />
| [[2006 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2006 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
| [[2006 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2006 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2006 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[2006 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[2006 Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
| [[2006 Montana State-Billings|Montana State-Billings]]<br />
| [[2006 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2006 New Mexico|New Mexico]] (R13)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 NCT|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2007 St. Bonaventure|St. Bonaventure]]<br />
| [[2007 Seton Hall|Seton Hall]]<ref name="combined"></ref><br />
| [[2007 UMBC|UMBC]]<br />
| [[2007 Southern Virginia|Southern Virginia]]<br />
| [[2007 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2007 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2007 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
| [[2007 Purdue|Purdue]]<br />
| [[2007 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2007 Missouri|Missouri]]<br />
| [[2007 Baylor|Baylor]]<br />
| [[2007 New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
| [[2007 Washington|Washington]]<br />
| [[2007 USC|USC]]<br />
| [[2007 Providence|Providence]] (R1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 NCT|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Providence|Providence]]<br />
| [[2008 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2008 Seton Hall|Seton Hall]]<br />
| [[2008 UMBC|UMBC]]<br />
| [[2008 Georgetown College|Georgetown College]]<br />
| [[2008 Florida State|Florida State]]<ref name="FSU">Florida State no-showed to the NCT in 2008. All of their games were recorded as losses with FSU scoring 0 points and each opponent scoring their tournament average PPG. This is not counted as an NCT appearance in the table.</ref><br />
| [[2008 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2008 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
| [[2008 Ball State|Ball State]]<br />
| [[2008 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2008 WUSTL|WUSTL]]<br />
| [[2008 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[2008 Arizona State|Arizona State]]<br />
| [[2008 Western Oregon|Western Oregon]]<br />
| [[2008 Pomona College|Pomona College]]<br />
| [[2008 New Mexico|New Mexico]] (R13)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Teams by number of NCT appearances==<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;width: 40%;"<br />
|-<br />
! Appearances<ref>Includes teams which lost at the "Sectional" level in 1986.</ref><br />
! Team<br />
|-<br />
| 20<br />
| [[Minnesota]] <br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
| [[Chicago]] <br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
| [[Cornell]] <br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
| [[WUSTL]] <br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
| [[Michigan]] <br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
| [[Illinois]] · [[Utah]] <br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
| [[Florida]] · [[Stanford]] <br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
| [[Brigham Young]] · [[Princeton]] · [[Rice]] <br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
| [[Harvard]] · [[Virginia]] <br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
| [[Iowa]] · [[Ohio State]] · [[Oklahoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
| [[George Washington]] · [[Indiana]] · [[Pittsburgh]] · [[Truman State]] · [[Washington]] · [[Williams]]<ref name="Williams">The Williams team attended the NCT site in 1999 but was not permitted to participate in games due to their faculty sponsor failing to arrive. This is counted as a nationals appearance in the table.</ref> · [[Wisconsin]] <br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
| [[Georgetown]] · [[Michigan State]] · [[MIT]] · [[North Carolina]] · [[Rochester]] · [[UCLA]] <br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
| [[Alaska]] · [[Berry]] · [[Davidson]] · [[Idaho]] · [[Iowa State]] · [[Maryland]] · [[New Mexico]] · [[Notre Dame]] · [[Oregon]] · [[Penn]] · [[UT-Dallas]] · [[Wisconsin-Eau Claire]] <br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
| [[Arizona]] · [[Arizona State]] · [[Arkansas]] · [[Baylor]] · [[College of New Jersey]] · [[Dartmouth]] · [[Emory]] · [[Georgia State]] · [[Georgia Tech]] · [[Kent State]] · [[Marshall]] · [[Montana State-Billings]] · [[NC State]] · [[Northwestern]] · [[NYU]] · [[Providence]] · [[Puget Sound]] · [[Purdue]] · [[Rutgers-Newark]] · [[Seton Hall]] · [[Texas]] · [[Tulane]] · [[UC-Irvine]] · [[Vanderbilt]] · [[Vassar]] · [[Virginia Tech]] <br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
| [[Berkeley]] · [[Brandeis]] · [[Delaware]] · [[Fresno State]] · [[Georgia]] · [[Illinois-Chicago]] · [[Johns Hopkins]] · [[Kansas]] · [[Louisiana State]] · [[Oberlin]] · [[Pomona College]] · [[San Francisco State]] · [[SIU-Carbondale]] · [[St. Bonaventure]] · [[SUNY-Stony Brook]] · [[Temple]] · [[UMBC]] · [[USC]] · [[Valdosta State]] · [[Western Michigan]] · [[Wichita State]] · [[Yale]] <br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
| [[Alabama]] · [[Alfred]] · [[Ball State]] · [[Boston University]] · [[Bucknell]] · [[Case Western]] · [[Centre]] · [[Charleston]] · [[Colorado State]] · [[Earlham]] · [[Eckerd]] · [[Florida State]]<ref name="FSU">Florida State no-showed to the NCT in 2008. All of their games were recorded as losses with FSU scoring 0 points and each opponent scoring their tournament average PPG. This is not counted as an NCT appearance in the table.</ref> · [[Georgia Southern-Armstrong]] · [[Georgetown College]] · [[Harding]] · [[Houston]] · [[Illinois College]] · [[IUPUI]]· [[Midwestern State]] · [[Missouri]] · [[Oklahoma Baptist]] · [[Pacific Lutheran]] · [[Penn State]] · [[Portland Community College-Sylvania]] · [[Rhodes]] · [[Roanoke]] · [[Rose-Hulman]] · [[San Jose State]] · [[South Carolina]] · [[South Dakota]] · [[Southern Virginia]] · [[SUNY-Albany]] · [[SUNY-Oneonta]] · [[Texas A&M]] · [[Texas Christian]] · [[UC-San Diego]] · [[UMass-Lowell]] · [[Wabash]] · [[Wake Forest]] · [[Washington State]] · [[Western Connecticut State]] · [[Western Oregon]] · [[Wofford]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==NCT medal count==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Team<br />
! Championships<br />
! Second Place Finishes<br><span style="font-size:85%">(Total Top 2 Finishes)<br />
! Third Place Finishes<br><span style="font-size:85%">(Total Top 3 Finishes)<br />
! Fourth Place Finishes<br><span style="font-size:85%">(Total Top 4 Finishes)<br />
|- <br />
| [[Arkansas]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Baylor]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Brigham Young]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chicago]]<br />
| 4<br />
| 2 (6)<br />
| 1 (7)<br />
| 2 (9)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cornell]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 4 (7)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Davidson]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Emory]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 2 (3)<br />
| 1 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fresno State]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[George Washington]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 2 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Georgetown]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Georgia Tech]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Harvard]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 2 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
| 1 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Illinois]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kent State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marshall]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maryland]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michigan]]<br />
| 5<br />
| 3 (8)<br />
| 1 (9)<br />
| 0 (9)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michigan State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Minnesota]]<br />
| 6<br />
| 0 (6)<br />
| 3 (9)<br />
| 1 (10)<br />
|-<br />
| [[MIT]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[NC State]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[New Mexico]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[North Carolina]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oberlin]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ohio State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Penn]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Princeton]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 3 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Providence]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rice]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rochester]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
| 0 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stanford]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 2 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Texas]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Truman State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[UCLA]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
| 1 (3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[USC]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Utah]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vassar]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Virginia]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 2 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Virginia Tech]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Washington State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Western Connecticut State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Williams]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0 (0)<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 0 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wisconsin]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 1 (2)<br />
|-<br />
| [[WUSTL]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 2 (2)<br />
| 2 (4)<br />
| 0 (4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yale]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
| 0 (1)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:National championships]]<br />
[[Category:Bad quizbowl]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Trash&diff=62331Trash2023-10-25T01:45:14Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* Terminology */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Category box}}<br />
:''This article discusses "trash," a commonly used term for popular culture in Quiz Bowl. For information regarding Testing Recall About Strange Happenings, the organization also known as TRASH, see [[TRASH]].''<br />
<onlyinclude><br />
'''Trash''' is the common name for '''popular culture''' (sports, movies, TV, video games, non-classical music, comic books, etc) in quizbowl.</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
In mainstream academic quizbowl tournaments, trash usually takes up between 0 and 5 percent of the distribution. There are no exclusively trash questions at all at [[ACF Nationals]], the [[PACE NSC]], or [[NASAT]] (see below note on crossover categories), though [[ACF Fall]] and most high-school level regular-season events, including the former [[HSAPQ]] Tournament Sets, have 1 to 2 trash questions per round.<br />
<br />
Tournaments with no specific set-aside for trash/popular culture content tend to be more willing to allow "borderline" topics in academic categories, so that popular culture with some reasonable claim on being academic-adjacent has a place in the set.<br />
<br />
[[NAQT]] has somewhat more trash (6.6% in their high school sets when pop culture and sports are treated as a unit [http://www.naqt.com/hs/distribution.jsp]). In small amounts, trash questions can help keep rounds lively and increase retention of new players, but a preponderance of trash in an otherwise-academic tournament is considered [[bad quizbowl]].<br />
<br />
==Terminology==<br />
<br />
Since 2021 there has been a movement to avoid using the term "trash" and use other terminology such as "popular culture" in order to avoid giving a false impression of combativeness regarding the category to those who are not familiar with the term.<br />
<br />
As of late 2023, [[NAQT]], [[ACF]], [[IQBT]], the [[Quizbowl Packet Archive]], and the [[ACRONYM]] tournament series all use the term "popular culture" or "pop culture." The only remaining institutional use of the term "trash" is for the section on the [[hsquizbowl.org forums]] devoted to trash/popular culture tournament discussion. Some one-off tournaments not affiliated with an ongoing question production concern also still use the term.<br />
<br />
Though probably a derogatory term when it was first coined, the term was ultimately embraced by the most vocal supporters of popular culture content in quizbowl, and no longer contains any value judgment when used by insiders.<br />
<br />
The exact time and circumstances of the first usage of "trash" to mean "popular culture" questions or similar is not known. "Trash" was an understood reference in quizbowl communications fora no later than July 1993, when it was casually used in this post without any need for explanation: https://groups.google.com/g/alt.college.college-bowl/c/T6anySgSaeM/m/eXrNMk6Hn2gJ. By the late 1990s, it was a common term among nearly all experienced college and high school players, even those outside the core of extremely online college participants.<br />
<br />
In the 1990s, "trash" sometimes meant "any category not prominently featured in ACF at the time," which included not only popular culture and sports but also current events, contemporary literature, etc. By 2000 it was understood to mean "popular culture and sports" only.<br />
<br />
NAQT has always separated "popular culture" and "sports" in its distribution. All-trash tournaments generally include a sports distribution. It is ambiguous whether the new term "popular culture" includes sports by default or not.<br />
<br />
In 1997 the [[Testing Recall About Strange Happenings]] organization was founded to centralize the running of regional and national trash tournaments. Inevitably, this forced backronym proved problematic for two reasons:<br />
<br />
*No definition of "trash" content in quizbowl has ever meaningfully corresponded to "strange happenings."<br />
*By the mid-2000s, many people who were unaware of the TRASH organization began to assume that "trash" was simply a generic term spelled in all-caps for no reason. TRASH went defunct in 2010, and to this day there are still "TRASH tournaments" announced by hosts who may be unaware that such a group ever existed and cannot explain why they believe that the word is capitalized.<br />
<br />
==Crossover categories==<br />
<br />
Certain subcategories are traditionally asked in both purely academic distributions and in trash tournaments. These non-exhaustively include:<br />
*films of artistic merit<br />
*popular music forms of the pre-rock-and-roll era such as jazz<br />
*sports and entertainment events of obvious social impact such as the integration of Major League Baseball or the murder of John Lennon<br />
*contemporary literature<br />
*graphic novels of literary merit<br />
*"true crime" type current events (this category has dwindled in popularity to essentially zero in recent years, but was askable in the 1990s and 2000s in both academic and trash tournaments)<br />
*high fashion, cuisine, and other extensions of the "other arts" category to areas formerly considered exclusively part of the popular culture distribution<br />
<br />
==Trash tournaments==<br />
<br />
Trash tournaments are tournaments involving questions exclusively on trash. <br />
<br />
In the peak trash tournament era of the mid-00s, there were many teams that devoted the majority of their time and money to trash. Clubs such as [[NYU]], [[Villanova]] and [[Boston College]] played exclusively in trash tournaments for many years in the late 2000s. This phenomenon of [[trash capture]] has become markedly less pronounced since the demise of in-season trash tournament.<br />
<br />
The number of trash tournaments has declined significantly since the late 2000s, while participation at academic events has remained constant or increased. From spring 2011 to fall 2013, there were only four full-length, standalone trash tournaments held, all of which took place in the summer.<br />
<br />
The decline in the popularity of trash can mostly be explained by the fact that trash was invented and played by a pre-existing social group of 1990s quizbowlers, and once that group moved on to other things in life, the true level of interest in trash at about one tournament every six months has emerged. There was constant tension not only over trash's deleterious effect on academic participation but also about its negative influence on question quality, as trash tournaments tended to be very rough in question structure and self-indulgent in answer selection.<br />
<br />
===The trash paradox and its converse===<br />
<br />
Teams and players who are extremely enthusiastic about playing trash to the exclusion of playing academic questions are, generally, not very good at trash.<br />
<br />
The skills to succeed at properly written quizbowl tournaments are largely the same at academic and at trash; while naturally some people have a bias in their knowledge base in one direction or another, it is rare to find someone who is good at academic and wholly incompetent at trash (or vice versa). Being able to understand the structure of questions, interpret them on the fly, make educated guesses, have the confidence to buzz, work well in a team environment, etc. are subject matter-independent skills, and someone who has mastered them enough to be noticeably good at either academic or trash quizbowl is very likely to be able to leverage their external-to-quizbowl store of knowledge, which everyone has to some degree, effectively at the other format.<br />
<br />
===Trash teams===<br />
<br />
While trash was, like academic quizbowl, largely organized through campus clubs and played by teams representing a particular college, its [[open]] nature meant that dedicated teams of people well past their college days could remain together as a playing unit indefinitely. Long-term trash squads included:<br />
<br />
*The [[Mike Keenan Employment Agency]]- composed of mostly Michigan alums, usually including [[Craig Barker]] and [[Mike Burger]]<br />
*The [[Gerbils]]- featuring [[Mark Coen]], [[Shawn DeVeau]], and other alums of Boston College, Boston University, and the 1990s New England circuit generally<br />
*The [[Flying Space Pimps]]- a stupidly named assemblage of former University of Delaware and Wilmington Charter players and coaches<br />
*[[Battleplanet]]- people who lived in the Missouri-Oklahoma-Texas region such as [[Jeremy White]] and [[Brian Hight]]. Later went by various names involving Bill O'Reilly.<br />
*GWU/Georgtown alums ([[Phil Castagna]], [[Tim Young]]) who used various names to play most TRASH events<br />
*A group of [[Arizona State]] alums who played the same lineup under various names at most TRASHionals over a 10-year period<br />
<br />
===Great trash players===<br />
<br />
People who have been dubbed "the greatest trash player ever" by someone other than themselves include [[James Dinan]] and [[Dwight Kidder]]. Trash was, generally speaking, a format that required a balanced team to succeed at high levels, due to its elevated difficulty and the unlikelihood of one person being an expert at both, e.g., video games and hip-hop music, combined with the fact that few people were willing to study to become better at trash, so teams needed to be formed from the natural interests of individuals.<br />
<br />
===Elevated trash, "historically significant trash," and other attempted distinctions===<br />
<br />
Sometimes, proposals to limit the popular culture distribution in some way that aligns with the canon of academic quizbowl are floated. These have generally proven unworkable in practice for several reasons. (A list of these arguments, cited to who first put them forth, would be good here).<br />
<br />
===Historical trash tournaments===<br />
*[[ASS]]<br />
*[[The Chris McCray Tournament For Academic Excellence]]<br />
*[[Trash Masters]]<br />
*[[FOGHAT]]<br />
*[[Ann B. Davis]]<br />
*[[Boston College College Bowl Jam: Tournament Edition]]<br />
*[[Boston University Trash Juniorbird]]<br />
*[[GARBAGE]]<br />
*[[Chicago Open Trash Tournament]]<br />
*[[CULT]]<br />
*[[TERP]]<br />
*[[Penn Bowl Trash]]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Formats]]<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl lingo]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]<br />
[[Category:Subjects]]<br />
{{c|Quizbowl concepts}}</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=National_Science_%26_Maths_Quiz&diff=62313National Science & Maths Quiz2023-10-24T04:47:52Z<p>Matt Weiner: Created page with "'''National Science & Maths Quiz''' is a televised Science Bowl-style competition for secondary schools in Ghana, created in 1993. The show is enormously popular, airing..."</p>
<hr />
<div>'''National Science & Maths Quiz''' is a televised [[Science Bowl]]-style competition for secondary schools in Ghana, created in 1993. The show is enormously popular, airing across the country in primetime and often triggering nationwide debate over rulings on correct answers. Some of the largest companies in Ghana are involved as sponsors. Essentially every secondary school in the country participates in regional-level qualifying phases, with the top performers advancing to the televised [[single-elimination]] bracket.<br />
<br />
[https://www.nsmq.com.gh/ Official website]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl in Africa]]<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl TV shows]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Talk:Undergraduate&diff=62263Talk:Undergraduate2023-10-16T19:22:55Z<p>Matt Weiner: Created page with "I do not believe it is the case that people don't think the NAQT or ACF titles are "legitimate." They may be viewed as "lesser" in a sense than the overall title, and the con..."</p>
<hr />
<div>I do not believe it is the case that people don't think the NAQT or ACF titles are "legitimate." They may be viewed as "lesser" in a sense than the overall title, and the concerns about top UGs being excluded due to playing on teams with grad students are real, but these seem to be fairly competitive titles that the contenders for them care about. [[User:Matt Weiner|Matt Weiner]] ([[User talk:Matt Weiner|talk]]) 14:22, 16 October 2023 (CDT)</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Bounceback&diff=62091Bounceback2023-09-23T17:29:06Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* High school formats which use bouncebacks */</p>
<hr />
<div>The term '''bounceback''' can refer to two distinct situations:<br />
#the rule in which [[bonus parts]] which are answered incorrectly "bounce" to the other team, allowing them an opportunity to receive points for a bonus they do not control<br />
#(rarely) the situation after a team has [[negged]] a tossup, in which the other team has the opportunity to answer<br />
<br />
<br />
==Bonuses==<br />
Bouncebacks on bonuses, also known as '''rebounds''' or '''steals''', mean that when the team controlling a bonus misses a part, the other team is given a chance to answer the part. Bouncebacks are common in middle and high school quiz bowl, but probably used at less than a majority of tournaments, and are almost nonexistent at higher levels.<br />
<br />
Arguments in favor of bouncebacks:<br />
* Teams answering very few tossups get a chance to answer some questions and possibly score some points.<br />
* Teams not in control of the bonus pay more attention to the bonus.<br />
* Teams are rewarded for knowing something their opponent does not know.<br />
* Teams that are very weak in a topic are encouraged to learn something about it to prevent other teams from rebounding their bonuses in that topic.<br />
<br />
Arguments against bouncebacks:<br />
* They lengthen matches, especially if the moderating crew has some weak members, meaning that tournaments last longer or have fewer rounds.<br />
* They complicate statistics, potentially leading to a greater turnaround time for reseeding pools.<br />
* They change the nature of bonuses, making them less of a "bonus" for the team that answered the tossup.<br />
* They can lead to game strategies near the end of a game in which a team is better off not answering a tossup.<br />
* Teams controlling a rebounding bonus have to confer quietly to avoid giving information to the other team.<br />
<br />
Historically, the most prominent tournament using bouncebacks has been the [[PACE]] [[NSC]], which used them until 2022. Several states, including [[Illinois Scholastic Bowl |Illinois]] and [[MSHSAA|Missouri]], used bouncebacks at pretty much all high school tournaments before 2005, but now have tournaments both with and without them. NAQT [[lightning round]]s are sometimes played with bouncebacks.<br />
<br />
===High school formats which use bouncebacks===<br />
<br />
[[GATA]], [[IHSA]], and [[MSHSAA]]-style events use bouncebacks on standard ACF/NAQT style three-part bonuses.<br />
<br />
[[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]] uses bouncebacks on one-part [[directed round]] style bonuses.<br />
<br />
[[PACE NSC]] used bouncebacks on all bonus styles in the [[Old PACE format]] from 1998 to 2010 and on standard three-part bonuses in 20/20 format from 2011 to 2019 and again in 2022. Starting with the 2023 tournament, PACE announced that it was permanently discontinuing the use of bouncebacks.<br />
<br />
The official [[NAC]] format uses a limited bounceback in which a missed bonus part is offered to the opposing team, but the bonus is stopped after the bounceback opportunity with no further parts read; thus, a maximum of one part per three-part bonus may be offered or converted by the "bounceback" team.<br />
<br />
===College and open tournaments that used bouncebacks===<br />
<br />
The 2009 [[The Emergency|Emergency]] and 2015 [[VCU Open]] experimented with bouncebacks at the open level. The field found the experience generally enjoyable. Many open tournaments tend to run long, which is the main reason bouncebacks are generally not considered at these events, but there are good arguments for bouncebacks being a more logical component of high-level gameplay than high school tournaments.<br />
<br />
==Tossups==<br />
The term less commonly refers to the ability of teams/players to answer a tossup after another team has [[neg|gotten the question wrong]].<br />
<br />
While nearly all versions of quizbowl feature bouncebacks on tossups, many TV shows do not. Such programs include [[It's Academic]].<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl basics]]<br />
[[Category: Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Bounceback&diff=62090Bounceback2023-09-23T17:25:53Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>The term '''bounceback''' can refer to two distinct situations:<br />
#the rule in which [[bonus parts]] which are answered incorrectly "bounce" to the other team, allowing them an opportunity to receive points for a bonus they do not control<br />
#(rarely) the situation after a team has [[negged]] a tossup, in which the other team has the opportunity to answer<br />
<br />
<br />
==Bonuses==<br />
Bouncebacks on bonuses, also known as '''rebounds''' or '''steals''', mean that when the team controlling a bonus misses a part, the other team is given a chance to answer the part. Bouncebacks are common in middle and high school quiz bowl, but probably used at less than a majority of tournaments, and are almost nonexistent at higher levels.<br />
<br />
Arguments in favor of bouncebacks:<br />
* Teams answering very few tossups get a chance to answer some questions and possibly score some points.<br />
* Teams not in control of the bonus pay more attention to the bonus.<br />
* Teams are rewarded for knowing something their opponent does not know.<br />
* Teams that are very weak in a topic are encouraged to learn something about it to prevent other teams from rebounding their bonuses in that topic.<br />
<br />
Arguments against bouncebacks:<br />
* They lengthen matches, especially if the moderating crew has some weak members, meaning that tournaments last longer or have fewer rounds.<br />
* They complicate statistics, potentially leading to a greater turnaround time for reseeding pools.<br />
* They change the nature of bonuses, making them less of a "bonus" for the team that answered the tossup.<br />
* They can lead to game strategies near the end of a game in which a team is better off not answering a tossup.<br />
* Teams controlling a rebounding bonus have to confer quietly to avoid giving information to the other team.<br />
<br />
Historically, the most prominent tournament using bouncebacks has been the [[PACE]] [[NSC]], which used them until 2022. Several states, including [[Illinois Scholastic Bowl |Illinois]] and [[MSHSAA|Missouri]], used bouncebacks at pretty much all high school tournaments before 2005, but now have tournaments both with and without them. NAQT [[lightning round]]s are sometimes played with bouncebacks.<br />
<br />
===High school formats which use bouncebacks===<br />
<br />
[[GATA]], [[IHSA]], and [[MSHSAA]]-style events use bouncebacks on standard ACF/NAQT style three-part bonuses.<br />
<br />
[[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]] uses bouncebacks on one-part [[directed round]] style bonuses.<br />
<br />
[[PACE NSC]] used bouncebacks on all bonus styles in the [[Old PACE format]] from 1998 to 2010 and on standard three-part bonuses in 20/20 format from 2011 to 2019 and again in 2022. Starting with the 2023 tournament, PACE announced that it was permanently discontinuing the use of bouncebacks.<br />
<br />
===College and open tournaments that used bouncebacks===<br />
<br />
The 2009 [[The Emergency|Emergency]] and 2015 [[VCU Open]] experimented with bouncebacks at the open level. The field found the experience generally enjoyable. Many open tournaments tend to run long, which is the main reason bouncebacks are generally not considered at these events, but there are good arguments for bouncebacks being a more logical component of high-level gameplay than high school tournaments.<br />
<br />
==Tossups==<br />
The term less commonly refers to the ability of teams/players to answer a tossup after another team has [[neg|gotten the question wrong]].<br />
<br />
While nearly all versions of quizbowl feature bouncebacks on tossups, many TV shows do not. Such programs include [[It's Academic]].<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl basics]]<br />
[[Category: Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Bounceback&diff=62089Bounceback2023-09-23T17:21:14Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>The term '''bounceback''' can refer to two distinct situations:<br />
#the rule in which [[bonus parts]] which are answered incorrectly "bounce" to the other team, allowing them an opportunity to receive points for a bonus they do not control<br />
#(rarely) the situation after a team has [[negged]] a tossup, in which the other team has the opportunity to answer<br />
<br />
<br />
==Bonuses==<br />
Bouncebacks on bonuses, also known as '''rebounds''' or '''steals''', mean that when the team controlling a bonus misses a part, the other team is given a chance to answer the part. Bouncebacks are common in middle and high school quiz bowl, but probably used at less than a majority of tournaments, and are almost nonexistent at higher levels.<br />
<br />
Arguments in favor of bouncebacks:<br />
* Teams answering very few tossups get a chance to answer some questions and possibly score some points.<br />
* Teams not in control of the bonus pay more attention to the bonus.<br />
* Teams are rewarded for knowing something their opponent does not know.<br />
* Teams that are very weak in a topic are encouraged to learn something about it to prevent other teams from rebounding their bonuses in that topic.<br />
<br />
Arguments against bouncebacks:<br />
* They lengthen matches, especially if the moderating crew has some weak members, meaning that tournaments last longer or have fewer rounds.<br />
* They complicate statistics, potentially leading to a greater turnaround time for reseeding pools.<br />
* They change the nature of bonuses, making them less of a "bonus" for the team that answered the tossup.<br />
* They can lead to game strategies near the end of a game in which a team is better off not answering a tossup.<br />
* Teams controlling a rebounding bonus have to confer quietly to avoid giving information to the other team.<br />
<br />
Historically, the most prominent tournament using bouncebacks has been the [[PACE]] [[NSC]], which used them until 2022. Several states, including [[Illinois Scholastic Bowl |Illinois]] and [[MSHSAA|Missouri]], used bouncebacks at pretty much all high school tournaments before 2005, but now have tournaments both with and without them. NAQT [[lightning round]]s are sometimes played with bouncebacks.<br />
<br />
===High school formats which use bouncebacks===<br />
<br />
[[GATA]] and [[IHSA]]-style events use bouncebacks on standard ACF/NAQT style three-part bonuses.<br />
<br />
[[MSHSAA]] and [[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]] use bouncebacks, but have one-part [[directed round]] style bonuses.<br />
<br />
[[PACE NSC]] used bouncebacks on all bonus styles in the [[Old PACE format]] from 1998 to 2010 and on standard three-part bonuses in 20/20 format from 2011 to 2019 and again in 2022. Starting with the 2023 tournament, PACE announced that it was permanently discontinuing the use of bouncebacks.<br />
<br />
===College and open tournaments that used bouncebacks===<br />
<br />
The 2009 [[The Emergency|Emergency]] and 2015 [[VCU Open]] experimented with bouncebacks at the open level. The field found the experience generally enjoyable. Many open tournaments tend to run long, which is the main reason bouncebacks are generally not considered at these events, but there are good arguments for bouncebacks being a more logical component of high-level gameplay than high school tournaments.<br />
<br />
==Tossups==<br />
The term less commonly refers to the ability of teams/players to answer a tossup after another team has [[neg|gotten the question wrong]].<br />
<br />
While nearly all versions of quizbowl feature bouncebacks on tossups, many TV shows do not. Such programs include [[It's Academic]].<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl basics]]<br />
[[Category: Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bounceback&diff=62086Talk:Bounceback2023-09-23T02:59:01Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* GATA being the only regular tournaments using bouncebacks */</p>
<hr />
<div>== GATA being the only regular tournaments using bouncebacks ==<br />
<br />
To the best of my knowledge, the IHSA state series, IHSSBCA Kickoff, IHSSBCA Turnabouts, and probably IHSSBCA Novice all use bouncebacks with standard three-part bonuses, as do most or all regular-season conferences/leagues in Illinois at the high school level. [[User:Jonah Greenthal|—Jonah]] ([[User talk:Jonah Greenthal|talk]]) 20:44, 22 September 2023 (CDT)<br />
<br />
Ah, I thought Illinois still used its unique bonus format. Will revise/delete. [[User:Matt Weiner|Matt Weiner]] ([[User talk:Matt Weiner|talk]]) 21:59, 22 September 2023 (CDT)</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Bounceback&diff=62083Bounceback2023-09-23T01:19:25Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* High school formats which use bouncebacks */</p>
<hr />
<div>The term '''bounceback''' can refer to two distinct situations:<br />
#the rule in which [[bonus parts]] which are answered incorrectly "bounce" to the other team, allowing them an opportunity to receive points for a bonus they do not control<br />
#(rarely) the situation after a team has [[negged]] a tossup, in which the other team has the opportunity to answer<br />
<br />
<br />
==Bonuses==<br />
Bouncebacks on bonuses, also known as '''rebounds''' or '''steals''', mean that when the team controlling a bonus misses a part, the other team is given a chance to answer the part. Bouncebacks are common in middle and high school quiz bowl, but probably used at less than a majority of tournaments, and are almost nonexistent at higher levels.<br />
<br />
Arguments in favor of bouncebacks:<br />
* Teams answering very few tossups get a chance to answer some questions and possibly score some points.<br />
* Teams not in control of the bonus pay more attention to the bonus.<br />
* Teams are rewarded for knowing something their opponent does not know.<br />
* Teams that are very weak in a topic are encouraged to learn something about it to prevent other teams from rebounding their bonuses in that topic.<br />
<br />
Arguments against bouncebacks:<br />
* They lengthen matches, especially if the moderating crew has some weak members, meaning that tournaments last longer or have fewer rounds.<br />
* They complicate statistics, potentially leading to a greater turnaround time for reseeding pools.<br />
* They change the nature of bonuses, making them less of a "bonus" for the team that answered the tossup.<br />
* They can lead to game strategies near the end of a game in which a team is better off not answering a tossup.<br />
* Teams controlling a rebounding bonus have to confer quietly to avoid giving information to the other team.<br />
<br />
Historically, the most prominent tournament using bouncebacks has been the [[PACE]] [[NSC]], which used them until 2022. Several states, including [[Illinois Scholastic Bowl |Illinois]] and [[MSHSAA|Missouri]], used bouncebacks at pretty much all high school tournaments before 2005, but now have tournaments both with and without them. NAQT [[lightning round]]s are sometimes played with bouncebacks.<br />
<br />
===High school formats which use bouncebacks===<br />
<br />
*[[Illinois Scholastic Bowl]]<br />
*[[MSHSAA]]<br />
*[[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]] in the directed round<br />
*[[GATA]] tournaments and most invitational events in Georgia<br />
*[[PACE NSC]] (except 2021; will be discontinued in 2023)<br />
<br />
As of 2023, GATA events may be the only regularly occurring tournaments that use bouncebacks on standard ACF/NAQT style three-part bonuses.<br />
<br />
===College and open tournaments that used bouncebacks===<br />
<br />
The 2009 [[The Emergency|Emergency]] and 2015 [[VCU Open]] experimented with bouncebacks at the open level. The field found the experience generally enjoyable. Many open tournaments tend to run long, which is the main reason bouncebacks are generally not considered at these events, but there are good arguments for bouncebacks being a more logical component of high-level gameplay than high school tournaments.<br />
<br />
==Tossups==<br />
The term less commonly refers to the ability of teams/players to answer a tossup after another team has [[neg|gotten the question wrong]].<br />
<br />
While nearly all versions of quizbowl feature bouncebacks on tossups, many TV shows do not. Such programs include [[It's Academic]].<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl basics]]<br />
[[Category: Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=TRASHionals&diff=62065TRASHionals2023-09-16T22:31:56Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* Notes */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''TRASHionals''' was a tournament organized by [[TRASH]] to declare their national champion. It was a tournament for [[open]] teams, for which one had to qualify at [[TRASH Regionals]], and was held from 1998 to 2010. Interest declined over the years as the social group which formed the trash circuit in the mid-1990s gradually lost interest in quizbowl, and the quality of questions, logistics, and the atmosphere at the tournament continued to turn off new teams. After the 2010 edition, in which only 14 teams were interested in attending a "national championship tournament" held at a rural high school 80 miles from the nearest airport that was announced less than two months before it took place, the event and the TRASH organization both folded.<br />
<br />
==Top Finishers of TRASHionals==<br />
<br />
The listed school is the school or alma mater of the predominant number of team members or, if the members were split 2-2 or 1-1-1-1-1 among different schools, of the highest scorer. Note that TRASHionals results are rarely if ever counted among a team's history due to open/alum participation.<br />
<br />
TRASH recordkeeping was often haphazard. Complete stats do not exist for most years, and oftentimes the stats that were posted do not clearly label which teams actually finished in the top four spots in the tournament. The use of pseudonyms making it unclear who was on certain teams is a constant issue. The below is the best that can be reconstructed from the information available. Like other Wiki pages, you are encouraged to add to it if you have knowledge of something that is missing.<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second Place<br />
! Third Place<br />
! Fourth Place<br />
! Host/Location<br />
! Stats<br />
|- <br />
| [[1998 TRASHionals|1998]]<br />
| '''[[Michigan]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Mike Burger]], [[Greg Seroka]], [[Joe Janes]], [[Anne Mitchell]]</span><br />
| [[Cornell]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Dwight Kidder]]</span><br />
| [[Penn]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Josh Levy]] and others</span><br />
| [[Maryland]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Dave Hamilton]], [[Dave Goodman]], [[Michelle Cantave]], [[Mark Swisdak]]</span><br />
| [[Maryland|College Park, MD]]<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20010218174626/http://www.wam.umd.edu/~biscuit/wiltrash.html Stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[1999 TRASHionals|1999]]<br />
| '''[[Case Western]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Kenny Peskin]], [[Anthony de Jesus]], [[Ryan Siebel]], [[Toby Betts]]</span><br />
| [[Michigan]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Haggai Elitzur]], [[Tim Neuburger]], [[Jon Rosenthal]], [[Mike Shapiro]], [[Brent ?]]</span><br />
| [[Georgetown]]<br />
| Unclear<br />
| [[Penn State|State College, PA]]<br />
| [http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~quizbowl/tournaments/Old/98-99/trashionals99.txt Stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 TRASHionals|2000]]<br />
| '''[[Michigan]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Mike Burger]], [[Craig Barker]], [[Anne Mitchell]], [[Steve Traicoff]]</span><br />
| [[George Mason]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Rick Grimes]], [[Shawn Pickrell]], others</span><br />
| Unclear<br />
| Unclear<br />
| [[Case Western|Cleveland, OH]]<br />
| [http://pastie.org/9129585 Stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2001 TRASHionals|2001]]<br />
| '''[[Berkeley]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Nick Meyer]], [[Matt Levine]], [[Jon Pennington]], [[Steve Kaplan]]</span><br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Ben Lea]], others</span><br />
| [[Georgetown]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Phil Castagna]], [[Tim Young]], others</span><br />
| [[Lee]]<br />
| [[Northwestern|Evanston, IL]]<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20021117230135/http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/org/college-bowl/results/trash2001.html Stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2002 TRASHionals|2002]]<br />
| '''[[Oklahoma]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Brian Hight]], [[Adam Mitchell]], [[David Murphy]], [[Jeremy White]]</span><br />
| [[Michigan]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Craig Barker]], [[Mike Burger]], [[Haggai Elitzur]], [[Anne Mitchell]]</span><br />
| [[Arizona State]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jason Zuffranieri]], [[Miguel Ruiz]], [[Trevor Schultz]], [[Nathan Crane]]</span><br />
| [[Maryland]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Arthur Fleming]], [[John Nam]], [[Jason Dettelbach]], [[Ezequiel Berdichevsky]]</span><br />
| [[Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI]]<br />
| [http://pastie.org/9130335 Stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2003 TRASHionals|2003]]<br />
| '''[[Michigan]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Craig Barker]], others</span><br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Brian Hight]], others</span><br />
| [[Georgetown]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Phil Castagna]], [[Tim Young]], others</span><br />
| [[UTC]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Charlie Steinhice]], [[Keith Hudson]], others</span><br />
| [[Boston University|Boston, MA]]<br />
| [http://pastie.org/9130349 Stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2004 TRASHionals|2004]]<br />
| '''[[UTC]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Charlie Steinhice]], [[Keith Hudson]], [[Robert Trent]], [[John Kilby]]</span><br />
| [[Yale]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Ben Gross]], [[Andrew Hutchings]], [[Kenny Peskin]], [[Samer Ismail]]</span><br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[David Murphy]], [[Brian Hight]], [[Jeremy White]], [[Adam Mitchell]]</span><br />
| [[Michigan]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Craig Barker]], [[Mike Burger]], [[Anne Mitchell]], [[Alex Hovan]]</span><br />
| [[UTC|Chattanooga, TN]]<br />
| [http://pastie.org/9130362 Stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2005 TRASHionals|2005]]<br />
| '''[[Oklahoma]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[David Murphy]], [[Brian Hight]], [[Jeremy White]], [[Mark Hendry]]</span><br />
| [[George Washington]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Phil Castagna]], [[Tim Young]], [[Rick Terpstra]], [[Josh Levy]]</span><br />
| [[Yale]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Ben Gross]], [[Andrew Hutchings]], [[Kenny Peskin]], [[Samer Ismail]]</span><br />
| [[Arizona State]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jason Zuffranieri]], [[Miguel Ruiz]], [[Trevor Schultz]], [[Nathan Crane]]</span><br />
| [[Pitt|Pittsburgh, PA]]<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20051119183249/http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/org/college-bowl/trashionals/stats.html Stats] [https://web.archive.org/web/20051110202828/http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/org/college-bowl/trashionals/playoffs/stats.html More stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2006 TRASHionals|2006]]<br />
| '''[[George Washington]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Phil Castagna]], [[Tim Young]], [[Rick Terpstra]], [[Josh Levy]]</span><br />
| [[Michigan]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Craig Barker]], [[Mike Burger]], [[Anne Mitchell]], [[Julie Stahlhut]]</span><br />
| [[Arizona State]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jason Zuffranieri]], [[Miguel Ruiz]], [[Trevor Schultz]], [[Nathan Crane]]</span><br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jeremy White]], [[Mark Richey]], [[Keith Hudson]], [[Jason Schwengler]]</span><br />
| [[Texas|Austin, TX]]<br />
| [http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=21&t=2686 Stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2007 TRASHionals|2007]]<br />
| '''[[Michigan]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Craig Barker]], [[Mike Burger]], [[Anne Mitchell]], [[Joe Wright]]</span><br />
| [[UTC]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Dren Rollins]], [[Michael Kearney]], [[Al Przygocki]], [[Chris Hendry]]</span><br />
| [[George Washington]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Phil Castagna]], [[Tim Young]], [[Rick Terpstra]], [[Josh Levy]]</span><br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jeremy White]], [[Mark Richey]], [[Brian Hight]], [[James Quintong]]</span><br />
| [[Maryland|College Park, MD]]<br />
| [http://thetrashzone.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html#8167545440957119999#8167545440957119999 Stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2008 TRASHionals|2008]]<br />
| '''[[UTC]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Meghan Clancy]], [[Chris Hendry]], [[Michael Kearney]], [[Al Przygocki]], [[Dren Rollins]]</span><br />
| [[Michigan]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Craig Barker]], [[Mike Burger]], [[Anne Mitchell]], [[Geoff Zmyslowski]]</span><br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[Arizona State]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jason Zuffranieri]], [[Miguel Ruiz]], [[Trevor Schultz]], [[Nathan Crane]]</span><br />
| [[UTC|Chattanooga, TN]]<br />
| No surviving stats.<br />
|- <br />
| [[2009 TRASHionals|2009]]<br />
| '''[[Oklahoma]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jeremy White]], [[Mark Richey]], [[David Murphy]], [[James Quintong]]</span><br />
| [[Arizona State]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jason Zuffranieri]], [[Miguel Ruiz]], [[Trevor Schultz]], [[Nathan Crane]]</span><br />
| [[Chicago]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Michael Arnold]], [[David Seal]], [[Nolan Esser]], [[Adam Perkins]]</span><br />
| [[Illinois]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Mike Sorice]], [[Andrew Ullsperger]], [[Micah Hodosh]], [[Chris Vicich]]<br />
| [[Penn|Philadelphia, PA]]<br />
| [http://www.hsquizbowl.org/db/tournaments/380/stats/prelims/ Seven rounds of stats]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2010 TRASHionals|2010]]<br />
| '''[[Oklahoma]]'''<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jeremy White]], [[Mark Richey]], [[David Murphy]], [[James Quintong]]</span><br />
| [[Berkeley]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Matt Levine]], [[Carlos Fisher]], [[Hanson Ho]], [[Phillip Huang]]</span><br />
| [[UTC]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Meghan Clancy]], [[Chris Hendry]], [[Michael Kearney]], [[Al Przygocki]]</span><br />
| [[Arizona State]]<br><span style="font-size:88%">[[Jason Zuffranieri]], [[Miguel Ruiz]], [[Trevor Schultz]], [[Nathan Crane]]</span><br />
| [[Cedar Shoals|Athens, GA]]<br />
| [http://www.hsquizbowl.org/db/tournaments/219/stats/trash/ Stats]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
<br />
*1998, 2003, and 2005 results appear to be wrong on the old Maize Pages list (flipping the order of various adjacent non-first places). The order of finish listed in contemporary communication linked above is used here.<br />
*Due to a paucity of stats, it is unclear which if any TRASHionals winners went undefeated.<br />
*The following players were on a TRASHionals championship team and an [[ACF Nationals]] championship team: [[Robert Trent]] and [[Charlie Steinhice]] (played together on both 1991 ACF Nationals & 2004 TRASHionals champions), and [[Jon Pennington]] (2001 TRASHionals & 2003 ACF Nationals). Pennington is also the only person to win both TRASHionals and [[2004 ICT|NAQT ICT]] in a career.<br />
*Other notable trash/academic two-way players based on same-year TRASHionals performance:<br />
**[[Dave Goodman]] and [[Dave Hamilton]] played for Maryland on both the fourth-place TRASHionals team and the third-place ACF Nationals team in 1998.<br />
**[[Craig Barker]] won both TRASHionals and College Bowl NCT in 2000 for Michigan.<br />
**[[Ezequiel Berdichevsky]] was on the fourth-place TRASHionals team in 2002 and was on the ICT and ACF Nationals championship teams in the same year.<br />
**[[Nick Meyer]], [[Jon Pennington]], and [[Steve Kaplan]] of the 2001 TRASHionals champion Berkeley team all played on Berkeley's 7th-place ICT team that year.<br />
**The 2009 3rd-place TRASHionals team from Chicago featured [[Michael Arnold]] of the 2nd-placed ACF Nationals team and [[David Seal]] of the ICT championship team. In the same year, [[Mike Sorice]] played on the 4th-place TRASHionals team, 2nd-place ICT team, and 5th-place ACF Nationals team.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Stubs]]<br />
[[Category:Trash tournaments]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Chuck_Schumer&diff=62019Chuck Schumer2023-09-06T18:24:45Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Charles "Chuck" Schumer''' (D-NY) was a member of the House of Representatives from 1981-99 and has served in the Senate since then, representing the state of New York. He was the Senate Minority Leader from 2017–2021, and is currently the Senate Majority Leader.<br />
<br />
He graduated from '''James Madison High School''' in Brooklyn in 1967, where he was the school's [[It's Academic]] Captain. His team won the City Title but lost the Regional, which Schumer called the last contest he ever lost.<br />
<br />
[[File:Schumer.jpg|thumb|Chuck Schumer competing on ''It's Academic'' for James Madison High School in 1967]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/nyregion/05debate.html?_r=1&oref=slogin]<br />
<br />
[[Category: People]]<br />
[[Category: Celebrity quizbowl alums]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]][[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=File:Schumer.jpg&diff=62018File:Schumer.jpg2023-09-06T18:23:35Z<p>Matt Weiner: Chuck Schumer competing it It's Academic for James Madison High School in 1967</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Chuck Schumer competing it It's Academic for James Madison High School in 1967</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Quiz_Kids&diff=61996Quiz Kids2023-09-02T05:56:31Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''''Quiz Kids''''' was a quiz show broadcast on radio from 28 June 1940 until 27 September 1956. The show began broadcasting from Chicago's NBC radio affiliate, but shows were later expanded to other cities. An Australian version ran form 1942-62.<br />
<br />
[[File:366619127 10230048500386322 6156700571854302428 n.jpg|thumb|Future literature canon member [[John Ashbery]] competed on ''Quiz Kids'' as a teenager.]]<br />
<br />
==Format==<br />
''Quiz Kids'' may have been the first attempt to air a quiz competition of sorts involving non-professionals. Listeners to the show would send in questions which were then researched by an adult staff to be read on-air to the panel of kids. The listeners whose questions were selected won a prize, and if the question stumped the panel they won a better prize (this was similar to the radio show ''Information Please''). At some point, the prizes included televisions. Some of the champion child participants won a trip to Chicago as a prize.<br />
<br />
Kids (all under age 16) were chosen for the show based on IQ scores, school performance, poise, and radio presence.<br />
<br />
One interesting point is that since the questions were obviously poorly designed, many times questions had multiple correct answers, which the kids came up with, often bewildering the poor host - something that would bewilder bad quizbowl for decades to come.<br />
<br />
In some markets ''Quiz Kids'' made a short-lived transition to television, however by that time the era of competition quiz shows had arrived, likely dooming the format to oblivion.<br />
<br />
Literary critics generally agree that the fictitious radio show ''It's a Wise Child'' that is repeatedly referenced in J.D. Salinger's stories is based on ''Quiz Kids''.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/QuizKids Recordings of Quiz Kids]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Quizbowl TV shows]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=File:366619127_10230048500386322_6156700571854302428_n.jpg&diff=61995File:366619127 10230048500386322 6156700571854302428 n.jpg2023-09-02T05:53:38Z<p>Matt Weiner: Story about a young John Ashbery's victory on ''Quiz Kids''.</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Story about a young John Ashbery's victory on ''Quiz Kids''.</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=List_of_college_quizbowl_national_champion_teams&diff=61994List of college quizbowl national champion teams2023-09-02T02:42:47Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* ACF & NAQT alone (2009-present) */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page lists all '''teams''' that have won the overall title at the College Bowl [[NCT]], the [[National Invitation Tournament]], the [[All-American Invitational]], [[ACF Nationals]], or Division I [[ICT]], as well as the Undergraduate and Division II champions at ACF Nationals and ICT. For a list of '''players''' who have won ACF Nationals or ICT, see [[List of college quizbowl national champion players]].<br />
<br />
==Overall champions==<br />
<br />
===Pre-ACF (1978-1990)===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! College Bowl Champion<br />
! NIT/AAI Champion<br />
|- <br />
| 1978<br />
| [[1978 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 1979<br />
| [[1979 Davidson|Davidson]]<br />
| [[1979 Emory|Emory]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1980<br />
| [[1980 Fresno State|Fresno State]]<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 1981<br />
| [[1981 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[1981 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1982<br />
| [[1982 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 1983<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
| [[1983 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1984<br />
| [[1984 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1984 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
| [[1985 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1986<br />
| [[1986 Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 1987<br />
| [[1987 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 1988<br />
| [[1988 NC State|NC State]]<br />
| [[1988 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1989<br />
| [[1989 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[1989 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1990<br />
| [[1990 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===ACF (1991-1996)===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! College Bowl Champion<br />
! ACF Nationals Champion<br />
|- <br />
| 1991<br />
| [[1991 Rice|Rice]]<br />
| [[1991 Tennessee|Tennessee]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1992<br />
| [[1992 MIT|MIT]] <br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 1993<br />
| [[1993 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1993 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1994<br />
!colspan="2" |[[1994 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
!colspan="2" |[[1995 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1996<br />
| [[1996 Michigan|Michigan]] <br />
| [[1996 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===ACF & NAQT (1997-2008)===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! College Bowl Champion<br />
! ACF Nationals Champion<br />
! NAQT ICT Champion<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
!colspan="2" |[[1997 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1997 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1998<br />
| [[1998 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[1998 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
| [[1998 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1999<br />
!colspan="3" |[[1999 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[2000 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2000 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2000 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2001 Michigan|Michigan]] <br />
| [[2001 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
!colspan="3" |[[2002 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| '''[[2003 Chicago|Chicago]]'''<br />
| [[2003 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
| '''[[2003 Chicago|Chicago]]'''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| [[2004 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
| [[2004 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2004 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| [[2005 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2005 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| [[2006 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2006 Texas A&M|Texas A&M]]<br />
| [[2006 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| [[2007 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2007 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| [[2008 Rochester|Rochester]]<br />
| [[2008 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2008 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===ACF & NAQT alone (2009-present)===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! ACF Nationals Champion<br />
! NAQT ICT Champion<br />
|- <br />
| 2009<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2009 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| [[2010 Stanford|Stanford]] <br />
| [[2010 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[2011 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[2011 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| [[2012 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[2012 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| [[2013 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2013 Yale|Yale]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2014 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| [[2015 Penn|Penn]]<br />
| [[2015 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| [[2016 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
| [[2016 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| [[2017 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[2017 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
| [[2018 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2018 Yale|Yale]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| [[2019 Columbia|Columbia]]<br />
| [[2019 Yale|Yale]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| [[2021 Florida|Florida]]<br />
| [[2021 Columbia|Columbia]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| [[2022 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[2022 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2023<br />
| [[2023 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[2023 Cornell|Cornell]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== ACF & NAQT combined medal count (Division I overall) ====<br />
<br />
See [[ACF Nationals]] and [[ICT]] for tournament-specific results.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Team<br />
! Championships<br />
! Top 2 Finishes<br />
! Top 3 Finishes<br />
! Top 4 Finishes<br />
|-<br />
| [[Berkeley]]<br />
| 3<br />
| 7<br />
| 10<br />
| 13<br />
|-<br />
| [[Brigham Young]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Brown]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 4<br />
| 4<br />
| 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chicago]]<br />
| 17<br />
| 26<br />
| 34<br />
| 38<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cornell]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Columbia]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 4<br />
| 4<br />
| 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Florida]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 2<br />
| 2<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Georgia Tech]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 4<br />
| 4<br />
| 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Harvard]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 4<br />
| 7<br />
| 8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Illinois]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 8<br />
| 12<br />
| 18<br />
|-<br />
| [[Irvine]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kentucky]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 2<br />
| 4<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maryland]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 6<br />
| 12<br />
| 21<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michigan]]<br />
| 7<br />
| 12<br />
| 20<br />
| 22<br />
|-<br />
| [[Minnesota]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 3<br />
| 5<br />
| 8<br />
|-<br />
| [[NC State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Northwestern]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ohio State]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oklahoma]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Penn]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 4<br />
| 7<br />
| 10<br />
|-<br />
| [[Princeton]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 3<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rochester]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[South Carolina]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stanford]]<br />
| 3<br />
| 4<br />
| 10<br />
| 13<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tennessee]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Texas]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Texas A&M]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 3<br />
| 4<br />
|-<br />
| [[VCU]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 4<br />
|-<br />
| [[Virginia]]<br />
| 6<br />
| 10<br />
| 11<br />
| 14<br />
|-<br />
| [[WUSTL]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yale]]<br />
| 5<br />
| 8<br />
| 11<br />
| 13<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Undergraduate champions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! NAQT ICT Undergraduate Champion<br />
! ACF Nationals Undergraduate Champion<br />
|- <br />
| 1994<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
| [[1994 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
| [[1995 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1996<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
| [[1996 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
| [[1997 Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1998<br />
| [[1998 Swarthmore|Swarthmore]]<br />
| [[1998 South Carolina|South Carolina]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1999<br />
| [[1999 Carleton College|Carleton College]]<br />
| [[1999 Texas|Texas]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2000 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| [[2001 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[2001 Berry|Berry]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2002 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2003 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| [[2004 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
| [[2004 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| [[2005 VCU|VCU]]<br />
| [[2005 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| [[2006 Williams|Williams]]<br />
| [[2006 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2007 Carleton College|Carleton College]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| [[2008 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[2008 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2009 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2010 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[2011 VCU|VCU]]<br />
| [[2011 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| [[2012 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2012 Illinois|Illinois]] <br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| [[2013 Ohio State|Ohio State]]<br />
| [[2013 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2014 Yale|Yale]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| [[2015 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[2015 Stanford|Stanford B]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| [[2016 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
| [[2016 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| [[2017 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
| [[2017 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
| [[2018 Berkeley|Berkeley B]]<br />
| [[2018 Berkeley|Berkeley (A)]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| [[2019 Michigan State|Michigan State]]<br />
| [[2019 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2021 Brown|Brown]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| [[2022 Georgia Tech|Georgia Tech]]<br />
| [[2022 Yale|Yale]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Division II champions==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! NAQT ICT Division II Champion<br />
! ACF Nationals Division II Champion<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
| [[1997 Carleton College|Carleton College]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1998<br />
!colspan="2" |[[1998 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1999<br />
| [[1999 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
| [[1999 Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[2000 Harvard|Harvard C]]<br />
| [[2000 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| [[2001 Pitt|Pitt]]<br />
| [[2001 Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| [[2002 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[2002 Texas A&M|Texas A&M]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| [[2003 Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br />
| [[2003 Princeton|Princeton]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| [[2004 UCLA|UCLA]]<br />
| [[2004 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
!colspan="2" |[[2005 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| [[2006 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| [[2007 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[2007 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| [[2008 Carleton College|Carleton College]]<br />
| [[2008 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| [[2009 Chicago|Chicago]]<br />
| [[2009 Stow Munroe Falls|Ike Jose]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| [[2010 Brown|Brown]]<br />
| [[2010 State College|State College]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[2011 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[2011 State College|State College]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| [[2012 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[2012 Haverford|Haverford]] <br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| [[2013 Stanford|Stanford]]<br />
| [[2013 Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| [[2014 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
| [[2014 North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| [[2015 Texas|Texas]]<br />
| [[2015 Northwestern|Northwestern]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| [[2016 Chicago|Chicago B]]<br />
| [[2016 Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| [[2017 Berkeley|Berkeley C]]<br />
| [[2017 MIT|MIT B]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
| [[2018 Chicago|Chicago C]]<br />
| [[2018 Harvard|Harvard B]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| [[2019 Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
| [[2019 Harvard|Harvard]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|bgcolor="Gainsboro"|<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| [[2021 Vanderbilt|Vanderbilt]]<br />
| [[2021 Brown|Brown]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| [[2022 Yale|Yale]]<br />
| [[2022 Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[ACF Nationals]]<br />
*[[ICT]]<br />
*[[NCT]]<br />
*[[National Invitation Tournament]]<br />
*[[All-American Invitational]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Quizbowl history]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Saint_Gertrude&diff=61889Saint Gertrude2023-08-17T20:57:17Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Saint Gertrude''' is a Catholic girls' school in Richmond, Virginia. They have had a quizbowl team for many years but generally participate only in the [[Battle of the Brains]] TV show, with the exception of a 2009 appearance at an invitational tournament held by [[Maggie Walker]].<br />
<br />
Their boys' school affiliate is [[Benedictine (Richmond)|Benedictine]], which has thusfar competed in BoB only.<br />
<br />
[[Category: High school quizbowl in Virginia]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Category_talk:Celebrity_quizbowl_alums&diff=61886Category talk:Celebrity quizbowl alums2023-08-16T17:47:41Z<p>Matt Weiner: Created page with "== Separate page for people who have published significant academic work? == Would there be interest in a list page or a category for quizbowl alums who have written full-len..."</p>
<hr />
<div>== Separate page for people who have published significant academic work? ==<br />
<br />
Would there be interest in a list page or a category for quizbowl alums who have written full-length books that got some attention? This isn't quite the same thing as being a "celebrity" and we don't need to list every person who published a journal article in grad school, but it's an interesting corner of the quizbowl "where are they now" question. [[User:Matt Weiner|Matt Weiner]] ([[User talk:Matt Weiner|talk]]) 12:47, 16 August 2023 (CDT)</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Frankenstein_tournament&diff=61857Frankenstein tournament2023-08-12T14:51:02Z<p>Matt Weiner: Created page with "The analogy of '''Frankenstein's monster''' was first recorded on the HSQB forums in March 2010, in reference to both the IHSA production process of the time and to th..."</p>
<hr />
<div>The analogy of '''Frankenstein's monster''' was first recorded on the [[HSQB forums]] in March 2010, in reference to both the [[IHSA]] production process of the time and to that year's [[Harvard International]] set, and has remained a part of quizbowl terminology ever since. This term refers to a question set produced by subject editors working with little to no coordination among each other or supervision from a central chief editor, whose work is simply "patched together" into a final set, often resulting in jarring swings of difficulty, style, etc. from one category to another. In addition to the effect this has on the actual players of the tournament, it can often be difficult for set writers, who may be given a dizzying array of subdistributions and procedures from different editors instead of a single standardized workflow.<br />
<br />
This term can be considered interchangeable with a '''siloed''' tournament production process.<br />
<br />
{{c|Quizbowl lingo}}</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=1997_ICT&diff=618561997 ICT2023-08-12T14:45:23Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{College Nat Tourneybox|Tournament Name = 1997 DI [[NAQT]] [[ICT]]<br />
|champion = [[Chicago]] A<br />
|second = [[Harvard]]<br />
|third = [[Berkeley]]<br />
|fourth = [[Cornell]]<br />
|scorer = [[Robert Margolis]]<br />
|site = [[University of Pennsylvania]] (Philadelphia, PA)<br />
|field = 64<br />
|stats = [https://www.naqt.com/ict/1997/]<br />
}}<br />
The '''1997 NAQT Intercollegiate Championship Tournament''' was the inaugural [[ICT]] and was held at [[Penn]] in 1997. Only a DI champion was crowned; the Undergrad and DII championships were first introduced in the [[1998 ICT]].<br />
==Results==<br />
===Division I===<br />
[[Chicago]] came in 1st place in DI and [[Harvard]] came in 2nd place. <br />
<br />
The top individual scorers in DI were:<br />
* [[Robert Margolis]]<br />
* [[John Edwards]]<br />
* [[Eric Tentarelli]]<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
* This was the first time ever that a university in the [[United Kingdom]] took part in a quizbowl tournament, with [[Imperial College London]] competing and placing thirteenth. (This assumes that the various one-off matches between University Challenge and College Bowl champions that occurred prior to 1997 do not count as "a quizbowl tournament.")<br />
<br />
==Stats==<br />
Archived stats, including individual stats, can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/19980709115719/http://naqt.com/nct.html here].<br />
<br />
{{Browse box|Tournament = 1997 [[ICT|NAQT ICT]]<br />
|previous = None<br />
|next = [[1998 ICT]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: National championships]]<br />
[[Category: NAQT]]<br />
[[Category: ICT]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Tournament_structure&diff=61678Tournament structure2023-07-21T04:16:41Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* Elimination tournaments */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Tournament format''' refers to what matches are played at a tournament and how they relate to each other and to the tournament's standings. (The same phrase is also sometimes used to refer the set of [[rules]] used at a tournament.)<br />
<br />
==Considerations==<br />
When determining the tournament format, [[tournament directors]] must consider these factors and possibly others:<br />
* The need/desire to determine the winner, and preferably more places, as fairly as possible<br />
* Teams' preferences<br />
* The number of available question packets<br />
* The number of available rooms<br />
* The number of available staff members<br />
* An appropriate amount of time for the tournament to last<br />
* The desire to give teams as many games as is reasonably possible and appropriate in light of the entry fee they play (in the sense that giving teams one game before they go home is likely to be considered a ripoff)<br />
There are, of course, tradeoffs among many of these factors.<br />
<br />
Tournament directors often try to incorporate into their formats the principle that a single loss should never eliminate a team from championship contention. This is in large part because quizbowl is, by its nature, highly variable from packet to packet, and teams' skills can be sensitive to the luck inherent in what questions they happen to hear at particular times; the no-single-elimination principle therefore seeks to minimize the damage that one spot of bad luck can cause. (Here "no-single-elimination" does not only refer to avoiding single-elimination playoffs; other schemes, such as parallel playoff pools and power-matching, can amount to single-elimination in this sense.)<br />
<br />
==Divisions==<br />
Tournaments are sometimes split into '''divisions''', each of which is essentially a separate tournament; teams only play against teams in the same division. Divisions can be set up to offer teams or tournament directors choice in which teams are in which division, or so that there is no choice. Popular combinations of divisions include the following:<br />
* Varsity and Junior Varsity/Novice (middle and high school tournaments)<br />
* Varsity and Frosh-Soph (high school tournaments)<br />
* Competitive and Less Competitive (middle and high school tournaments; known by a variety of names)<br />
* [[Division I and Division II]] (college tournaments)<br />
* [[Open]] and [[Undergraduate]] (college tournaments)<br />
* Public Schools and Private Schools (middle and high school tournaments)<br />
* High School and Middle School (for most purposes, two separate tournaments that happen to be at the same site on the same day)<br />
* Groupings according to school size (middle and high school tournaments)<br />
* A Teams and B(/subsequent) Teams<br />
These can be combined (e.g. a tournament might have a High School Varsity division, a High School Junior Varsity division, and a Middle School division).<br />
<br />
Sometimes divisions of the same tournament use the same [[packet set]] and sometimes they don't.<br />
<br />
Reasons for creating divisions include the following:<br />
* Allowing more teams to play but keeping each group smaller to make it easier to have a fair tournament format<br />
* Giving weak or new teams and/or players an opportunity to "get their feet wet" without facing many very experienced teams<br />
* Allowing separate question sets to be used in each division (a competitive team might use a harder set than the standard division at the same tournament).<br />
<br />
Since divisions run more or less independently, the rest of this article could really be considered to be about the format for each division of a tournament, but the term "tournament" will be used anyway. There are still some cross-division considerations when planning a multi-division tournament; for instance, the divisions should be expected to end at similar times, especially if schools have teams in multiple divisions.<br />
<br />
==Building blocks of formats==<br />
The following setups are called "building blocks" because they can be combined to form tournaments. For instance, it's common to have pooled round robin preliminary rounds followed by single-elimination playoffs. The "building blocks" can generally also be used on their own, and not all combinations make sense.<br />
<br />
===Round robin===<br />
:''See also: [[round robin]]''<br />
A '''round robin''' is a format in which every team plays every other team. This extends to formats where each team plays every other team the same number of times: '''double round robin''', '''triple round robin''', etc.<br />
<br />
===Pooled round robin===<br />
A '''pooled round robin''' is a format in which the teams are divided into separate groups ("pools") and a round robin occurs within each group. For instance, a 24-team tournament might be split into four pools of six teams each. When this occurs, it is necessary to have some sort of [[playoff]] scheme to determine an overall winner.<br />
<br />
When pools are used for preliminary rounds, it is considered a best practice to balance the overall strength of the pools as much as possible. This is done by seeding the teams (generally based on results from past tournaments and expected rosters for the current tournament) and then "snaking" the seeds into pools. Here's an example for a 24-team tournament (four pools of 6):<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Pool A !! Pool B !! Pool C !! Pool D<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || 7 || 6 || 5<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || 10 || 11 || 12<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || 15 || 14 || 13<br />
|-<br />
| 17 || 18 || 19 || 20<br />
|-<br />
| 24 || 23 || 22 || 21<br />
|}<br />
<br />
If there are not enough available results to seed the teams, random draw is appropriate. Sometimes very small adjustments are made to keep apart teams from the same school or same area, or for other reasons.<br />
<br />
When pools are used for playoff rounds, they are generally stratified. Our example tournament with 24 teams in four preliminary pools of six might be "rebracketed" for playoffs into three pools of eight. The top playoff pool ("championship pool") would contain the top two teams from each preliminary pool (based on record and, if necessary, [[tiebreaker games]] or [[points per tossup heard]]), the second playoff pool ("first consolation pool") would contain the middle two teams from each preliminary pool, and the third ("second consolation pool") would contain the bottom two teams from each preliminary pool. Each of these new pools would then play a round robin, though the games between teams who had been in the same preliminary pool would often not be replayed (the preliminary game is said to '''carry over'''). Opinions differ as whether the teams should be ranked by pool followed by overall record (including both preliminary and playoff games) or pool followed by playoff record only. (In either case, ties could be left as ties, broken by [[tiebreaker games]], or broken by another [[statistics|statistical measure]] such as [[points per tossup heard]]. Ties for first place are essentially always broken by a tiebreaker game.)<br />
<br />
Sometimes, '''wild cards''' are used to fill out the playoff pools when the playoff pool size is not evenly divisible by the number of preliminary pools. In our example tournament, an alternative format would be to rebracket into four pools of six for the playoffs. The pools would be determined as follows:<br />
* Championship: the four 1st-place teams, plus the two 2nd-place teams with the highest values of some (pre-announced) statistic.<br />
* Consolation 1: the two remaining 2nd-place teams, plus the four 3rd-place teams.<br />
* Consolation 2: the four 4th-place teams, plus the two 5th-place teams with the highest values of some statistic.<br />
* Consolation 3: the two remaining 5th-place teams, plus the four 6th-place teams.<br />
<br />
Sometimes, '''parallel playoff pools''' are used. In our example with 24 teams in four preliminary pools of six, as an alternative to the previous schemes, there could be six playoff pools of four, where the top two pools each contain the first-place teams from two preliminary pools (by record and, if necessary, [[tiebreaker games]] or [[points per tossup heard]]) and the second-place teams from the other two), that is, there are two "parallel" championship pools. Each of these new pools would then play a round robin, and then the teams therein would be ranked (by record and, if necessary, tiebreaker games or points per tossup heard). The first-place teams in each parallel playoff pool would play each other in a final game for the overall tournament championship. Optionally, the second-place teams in each pool would play for overall third place, etc. Meanwhile, the 16 teams that did not make one of the two parallel playoff pools would be divided into consolation pools, possibly in parallel pairs or possibly not. In another variant, the top two teams from each championship pool play in semifinals (each first place team against the second place team from the other pool), with the winners proceeding to a one-game final.<br />
<br />
Pools are often referred to as "brackets" (hence the term "rebracket"), but that term can cause confusion with elimination brackets. ("Repooling" is pretty much unattested.)<br />
<br />
===Fractional round robin===<br />
For some field sizes, a single round robin would be considered too few rounds but a double round robin would be too many rounds. In this case, a single round robin may occur followed by breaking into tiered playoff pools. For instance, an eight-team tournament might play a round robin (rounds 1–7), then place the top four teams (by record, and if necessary [[tiebreaker games]] or [[statistical tiebreakers]]) in a top playoff pool and the bottom four teams in a bottom playoff pool; each playoff pool would then play a (pooled) round robin (rounds 8–10).<br />
<br />
===Random pairings===<br />
Some tournaments have teams play games against essentially (or absolutely) random opponents, without any pooling scheme.<br />
<br />
===Power-matching===<br />
:''See also: [[power-matching]]''<br />
'''Power-matching''' is a scheme similar to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss-system_tournament Swiss pairing], but without using results throughout the day to inform re-seeding. Typically, teams always face opponents who have the same record as them, or as similar a record is possible. Power-matching is often implemented by means of a [[card system]], though there are other ways. Power-matching on its own is logically equivalent to an elimination tournament with built-in consolation games.<br />
<br />
===Elimination tournaments===<br />
'''Single-elimination''' is a system in which a team is eliminated from contention as soon as it loses a match. Meanwhile, winners go on and face other winners. This format is moderately popular for playoffs (generally after preliminary games, often by means of pools) and very popular for [[television tournaments]] (because it guarantees a specific number of games and allows as many teams to participate as possible given that the games are not played concurrently). It is often criticized for giving teams relatively few games (which can be considered a waste of money, lead B teams to have nothing to do but wait while the A team is still competing, etc.), but it is very efficient in terms of getting to a winner in a minimum number of games and rounds.<br />
<br />
'''Double-elimination''' is a system in which a team is eliminated from contention as soon as it has lost ''two'' matches. After each round, winners face winners in the next round in a "winners' bracket", while losers drop down into a "losers' bracket". Play proceeds until either one team is left in the winners' bracket and one is left in the losers' bracket, in which case they play an advantaged final (the winners' bracket team can win the championship by winning one game; the losers' bracket team would have to win twice consecutively to claim the championship), or there are two remaining teams both in the losers' bracket, in which case they play a single championship match. Double-elimination is rare in quizbowl because unless there are very many teams, it takes more rounds than round robin-based playoffs, but it is used at several [[NAQT]] national championships.<br />
<br />
Triple-elimination and higher-order elimination formats are theoretically possible, but almost unheard of in quizbowl - as a true "playoff phase" of a tournament it takes so many rounds for any field size that you could just do pooled playoffs instead, and there is no realistic scenario where it is a practical solution. The only near-exception was the format used at [[ASCN TOC]], in which teams played randomly drawn prelim games until all but a neat number (e.g. 16 or 24) had 3 losses, at which point all teams with fewer than 3 losses were seeded into a single-elimination playoff bracket. Thus, the tournament was "triple elimination" for the cut from prelims to playoffs only.<br />
<br />
The [[HSNCT]] uses a hybrid single/double-elimination playoff format: after each team plays 10 preliminary games, all teams that went 6-4 or better in the preliminary rounds participate in a double-elimination tournament. However, teams who went 6-4 in the preliminary rounds start in the losers' bracket. That is, teams who went 6-4 will be eliminated on their first loss, while teams who went 7-3 or better will be eliminated on their second loss.<br />
<br />
===Final===<br />
Tournaments generally need some sort of finals format.<br />
<br />
Elimination playoffs have the final built in.<br />
<br />
One can simply declare that the top team after playoffs is the winner of the tournament, but that entails defining "top team", including defining a scheme for breaking ties.<br />
<br />
Sometimes finals procedures are applied recursively to identify lower-down places, e.g. for awarding trophies.<br />
<br />
===ACF-style final and advantaged finals===<br />
:''"Two-game final" redirects here.''<br />
Many tournaments typically use the following scheme for finals:<br />
* If the top team by record (in the singular top pool) is at least two games ahead of the second-place team(s) (in the same pool), the top team is the winner of the tournament; they are said to have '''cleared the field''' by obviating the need for a final<br />
* If there is an exact tie in record for first place, a single-game final occurs (the winner of which is the winner of the tournament)<br />
* If the top team by record is exactly one game ahead of the second-place team(s), an '''advantaged final''' occurs: Up to two matches will be played; if the team that was originally in first place wins the first, it wins the tournament, while if the team that was originally in second place wins the first game, a second game is played and the winner is the winner of the tournament. This is equivalent to a best-of-three series in which the initially-first-place team is considered to have already won the first game, and is therefore said to be "advantaged" (and the initially-second-place team is said to be "disadvantaged).<br />
** If there is a tie for second place, one game behind first place, [[tiebreaker|tiebreaking procedures]] will be necessary to determine which of the second-place teams faces the first-place team; this requires additional rounds and questions. If time is short and/or questions are not available, the top team may be declared the winner because there is no fair way to determine which second-place team should have the opportunity to play for first, or [[statistical tiebreakers]] may be used to determine which second-place team has that opportunity, though the latter is not a best practice.<br />
** The term "advantaged final" was coined by [[Robert Hentzel]].<br />
This scheme is sometimes called an '''ACF final''' or '''ACF-style final''', even though it is used by many non-ACF tournaments (including, more or less, the [[ICT]]). Sometimes the term '''advantaged final''' is incorrectly used for the entire scheme.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
*[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Tx84Hv85smes1gx16pHW6iWr_LirpQ52JOvEKJyAFEY/edit#gid=0 Grid of suggested formats based on teams, games, and rounds]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tournaments]]<br />
[[Category:Quizbowl basics]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=MODAQ&diff=61615MODAQ2023-07-05T13:23:57Z<p>Matt Weiner: Created page with "'''MODAQ''' (MODerator Assistant for Quizbowl, also sometimes known as Quiz Bowl Reader) is a web-based system for reading and scoring quizbowl packets developed by Alejandr..."</p>
<hr />
<div>'''MODAQ''' (MODerator Assistant for Quizbowl, also sometimes known as Quiz Bowl Reader) is a web-based system for reading and scoring quizbowl packets developed by [[Alejandro Lopez-Lago]]. It tracks [[buzzpoint]] data and outputs files of stats which can be automatically processed by [[YellowFruit]]. The integrated reading and scoring interface allows a single staffer to run a game room with essentially no additional time or effort compared to a two-staffer room, and the stats compilation options reduce the need for a team of statkeepers at a large tournament to a single person, who can usually work from off-site if needed. [[PACE NSC]], [[NASAT]], and many invitational tournaments now use this system.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Programs]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Alejandro_Lopez-Lago&diff=61614Alejandro Lopez-Lago2023-07-05T13:19:28Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>Alejandro Lopez-Lago maintains the bot on [[scobowl]] and QBRecognizerBot as well as the [[MODAQ]] software. He played for [[Naperville Central]] and the [[Claremont Colleges]].<br />
<br />
[[Category: People]]<br />
[[Category: High school players active in 2006]]<br />
[[Category: High school players active in 2007]]<br />
[[Category: Players active in 2008]]<br />
[[Category: Players active in 2009]]<br />
[[Category: Players active in 2010]]<br />
[[Category: Players active in 2011]]<br />
[[Category: Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Beta_Club_Quizbowl&diff=61568Beta Club Quizbowl2023-06-28T19:52:25Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Beta Club''' is an honor/service organization for American primary and secondary school students, which is primarily active in the greater Southeast, though it has state chapters as far north as Illinois and as far west as Texas. It is roughly analogous to the more universal '''National Honor Society'''. Since at least 1985, the Beta Club has sponsored a high school quizbowl championship at its annual national conventions, and in 1999 middle school and elementary school divisions were added. Prior to the rise of "[[good quizbowl]]", some prominent teams such as [[Dorman]] often made sure that all of their players were Beta Club members and made a concerted effort to win this tournament, especially if they had become disenchanted with the [[NAC]] and wanted a less ethically fraught opportunity to play terrible questions. Ever since the availability of [[NSC|superior]] [[HSNCT|alternatives]], this has become less common, though nationally prominent quizbowl team [[Dunbar]] still participates.<br />
<br />
[[File:Beta.jpg|thumb|Oh no! Beta!]]<br />
<br />
Individual states have the option to obtain questions for their state conventions from wherever they choose. Each year, a set for state conventions in each of the three Beta age divisions (in those states that choose to use it), as well as a set for the national convention in each age division, is written by [[Bryce Avery]]. Avery provides written tests of 50 multiple-choice questions for each division. The top teams then advance to a 4-round quizbowl tournament, where each round has 20 tossups and 20 2-part bonuses, per Beta's request. <br />
<br />
There is no apparent central repository of information on who won the tournament prior to 2009, who the previous question supplier was, or even exactly when the event started.<br />
<br />
Results from 2009 on (in the form of a list of the top 4-5 teams only) are maintained at the Beta website. Prior results can be found elsewhere for most years.<br />
<br />
The junior division includes both middle school students and 9th graders (including from districts where high school begins at 9th grade), so teams entirely representing the 9th grade of a high school sometimes compete alongside middle school teams.<br />
<br />
Known info (high school):<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Third<br />
! Fourth<br />
! Location<br />
|- <br />
| [[1985 Beta|1985]]<br />
| [[Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1986 Beta|1986]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1987 Beta|1987]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1988 Beta|1988]]<br />
| [[Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1989 Beta|1989]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Loretto|Loretto]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1990 Beta|1990]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1991 Beta|1991]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[1992 Beta|1992]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[1993 Beta|1993]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1994 Beta|1994]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1995 Beta|1995]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[1996 Beta|1996]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Gadsden|Gadsden]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| St. Louis, MO<br />
|- <br />
| [[1997 Beta|1997]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)(|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| [[Miller|Miller]]<br />
| [[Byng|Byng]]<br />
| New Orleans, LA<br />
|- <br />
| [[1998 Beta|1998]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|- <br />
| [[1999 Beta|1999]]<br />
| [[duPont Manual|duPont Manual]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[Parkview (GA)|Parkview]]<br />
| [[Newton|Newton]]<br />
| Myrtle Beach, SC<br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 Beta|2000]]<br />
| [[Southside (SC)|Southside]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| [[Baton Rouge Magnet|Baton Rouge Magnet]]<br />
| [[Pendleton Heights|Pendleton Heights]]<br />
| Dallas, TX<br />
|- <br />
| [[2001 Beta|2001]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| [[Conway|Conway]]<br />
| [[Greenwood|Greenwood]]<br />
| Cincinnati, OH<br />
|- <br />
| [[2002 Beta|2002]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Pioneer|Pioneer]]<br />
| Kissimmee, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[2003 Beta|2003]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Parkview (GA)|Parkview]]<br />
| [[Morristown West|Morristown West]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|- <br />
| [[2004 Beta|2004]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Cutter Morning Star|Cutter Morning Star]]<br />
| [[Johnson Central|Johnson Central]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| Atlanta, GA<br />
|- <br />
| [[2005 Beta|2005]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Newberry|Newberry]]<br />
| New Orleans, LA<br />
|- <br />
| [[2006 Beta|2006]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Warner Robins|Warner Robins]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[South Lamar|South Lamar]]<br />
| Greensboro, NC<br />
|- <br />
| [[2007 Beta|2007]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Parkview (AR)|Parkview (AR)]]<br />
| [[Parkview (GA)|Parkview (GA)]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell (KY)]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|- <br />
| [[2008 Beta|2008]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| [[2008 Morrilton| Morrilton]]<br />
| Myrtle Beach, SC<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Beta|2009]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Arab|Arab]]<br />
| [[Nettleton|Nettleton]]<br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 Beta|2010]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Morrilton|Morrilton]]<br />
| [[Arab|Arab]]<br />
| [[Highland Tech|Highland Tech]]<br />
| Louisville, KY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Beta|2011]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[DeBakey|DeBakey]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[St. Thomas More|St. Thomas More]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Beta|2012]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Watson Chapel|Watson Chapel]]<br />
| [[Arab|Arab]]<br />
| [[New Kent|New Kent]]<br />
| Greensboro, NC<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Beta|2013]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[Northshore|Northshore]]<br />
| [[Chisum|Chisum]]<br />
| Mobile, AL<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Beta|2014]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Twin Rivers|Twin Rivers]]<br />
| [[Watson Chapel|Watson Chapel]]<br />
| [[Plainview|Plainview]]<br />
| Richmond, VA<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 Beta|2015]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[New Kent|New Kent]]<br />
| [[Bellaire|Bellaire]]<br />
| [[Hickory|Hickory]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Beta|2016]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Beta|2017]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Beta|2018]]<br />
| [[Eastside (SC)|Eastside]]<br />
| [[Thayer|Thayer]] <br />
| [[Chase (NC)|Chase]]<br />
| [[Portageville|Portageville]]<br />
| Savannah, GA<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Beta|2019]]<br />
| [[Norfolk Academic Guild|Norfolk Academic Guild]]<br />
| [[Mountain View (AR)|Mountain View]]<br />
| [[Eastside (SC)|Eastside]]<br />
| [[Conway|Conway]]<br />
| Oklahoma City, OK<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 Beta|2020]]<br />
| [[Eastside (SC)|Eastside]]<br />
| [[Northview (GA)|Northview]]<br />
| [[Baton Rouge Magnet|Baton Rouge Magnet]]<br />
| [[Central Lafourche|Central Lafourche]]<br />
| Fort Worth, TX<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Beta|2021]]<br />
| [[Elizabethtown]]<br />
| [[Fairfield Central]]<br />
| [[Fargo-Gage]]<br />
| [[Alexander Central]]<br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Beta|2022]]<br />
| [[Central Hardin]]<br />
| [[Southwestern Randolh]]<br />
| [[Hertford County]]<br />
| [[Hancock]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Beta|2023]]<br />
| [[Bryan Station]]<br />
| [[Baton Rouge Magnet]]<br />
| [[Blountstown]]<br />
| [[Wallace-Rose]]<br />
| Louisville, KY<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Middle school<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Third<br />
! Fourth<br />
|- <br />
| [[1999 Beta|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 Arab Junior High|Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[1999 Moultrie|Moultrie]]<br />
| [[1999 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[1999 Jackson Heights|Jackson Heights]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 Beta|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2000 Arab Junior High|Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[2000 Moultrie|Moultrie]]<br />
| [[2000 Gladden|Gladden]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2001 Beta|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2001 Rosa Scott|Rosa Scott]]<br />
| [[2001 Union Grove|Union Grove]]<br />
| [[2001 E.O. Coffman|E.O. Coffman]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2002 Beta|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Rosa Scott|Rosa Scott]]<br />
| [[2002 Indian Trails|Indian Trails]]<br />
| [[2002 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2002 Caldwell|Caldwell]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2003 Beta|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2003 Cullman|Cullman]]<br />
| [[2003 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2003 Northside (GA)|Northside]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2004 Beta|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2004 Drakes Creek|Drakes Creek]]<br />
| [[2004 Lone Oak|Lone Oak]]<br />
| [[2004 Arnall|Arnall]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2005 Beta|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2005 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2005 Greenwood|Greenwood]]<br />
| [[2005 Hart County|Hart County]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2006 Beta|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2006 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2006 Greenwood|Greenwood]]<br />
| [[2006 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2007 Beta|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2007 E.O. Coffman|E.O. Coffman]]<br />
| [[2007 F.T. Burns|F.T. Burns]]<br />
| [[2007 Destin|Destin]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2008 Beta|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Cullman|Cullman]]<br />
| <br />
| [[2008 Arab (Middle School)|Arab Junior High]]<br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| [[2009 Beta|2009]]<br />
| [[2009 Destin|Destin]]<br />
| [[2009 Muhlenberg North|Muhlenberg North]]<br />
| [[2009 Arab|Arab]] (9th grade)<br />
| [[2009 Arab (Middle School)|Arab Junior High]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 Beta|2010]]<br />
| [[2010 Meyzeek|Meyzeek]]<br />
| [[2010 Wren|Wren]]<br />
| [[2010 Glasgow (LA)|Glasgow]]<br />
| [[2010 Muhlenberg North|Muhlenberg North]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Beta|2011]]<br />
| [[2011 Meyzeek|Meyzeek]] <br />
| [[2011 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
| [[2011 Arab (Middle School)|Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[2011 North Oldham|North Oldham]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Beta|2012]]<br />
| [[2012 Nandua (Middle School)|Nandua]]<br />
| [[2012 Glasgow (LA)|Glasgow]]<br />
| [[2012 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2012 Royal Spring|Royal Spring]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Beta|2013]]<br />
| [[2013 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
| [[2013 Paul Breaux|Paul Breaux]]<br />
| [[2013 Lee (GA)|Lee]]<br />
| [[2013 Nash Central|Nash Central]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Beta|2014]]<br />
| [[2014 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
| [[2014 North Buncombe|North Buncombe]]<br />
| [[2014 Central Magnet (TN)|Central Magnet]]<br />
| [[2014 Sterling|Sterling]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 Beta|2015]]<br />
| [[2015 Sterling|Sterling]]<br />
| [[2015 Hunter MS|Hunter MS]]<br />
| [[2015 Concordia Christian Day|Concordia Christian Day]]<br />
| [[2015 Ivy Preparatory|Ivy Preparatory]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Beta|2016]]<br />
| [[2016 Sterling|Sterling]]<br />
| [[2016 Russellville|Russellville]]<br />
| <br />
| [[2016 Fountain Lake|Fountain Lake]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Beta|2017]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| [[Emerald Coast]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Beta|2018]]<br />
| [[Charles Townes]]<br />
| [[Collierville]]<br />
| [[Prattville]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Beta|2019]]<br />
| [[Edmonson County]]<br />
| [[Prattville]]<br />
| [[Casey County]]<br />
| [[Maiden]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 Beta|2020]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[Guntersville]]<br />
| [[Brandon]]<br />
| [[East Hardin]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Beta|2021]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[Guntersville]]<br />
| [[Brandon]]<br />
| [[East Hardin]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Beta|2022]]<br />
| [[St. Mary's Catholic (SC)|St. Mary's Catholic]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[East Hardin]]<br />
| [[Clarkton C-4]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Beta|2023]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[Glasgow Middle]]<br />
| [[Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[Brandon]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Elementary school division - to be added<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* http://www.betaclub.org/conventionResults.php<br />
* http://www.averyenterprises.net<br />
<br />
[[Category: High school national championships]]<br />
[[Category: High school tournaments]]<br />
[[Category: Middle school tournaments]] <br />
[[Category: Quizbowl in middle school]]<br />
[[Category: Middle school national championships]]<br />
[[Category: Bad quizbowl]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Beta_Club_Quizbowl&diff=61513Beta Club Quizbowl2023-06-21T05:14:51Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Beta Club''' is an honor/service organization for American primary and secondary school students, which is primarily active in the greater Southeast, though it has state chapters as far north as Illinois and as far west as Texas. It is roughly analogous to the more universal '''National Honor Society'''. Since at least 1985, the Beta Club has sponsored a high school quizbowl championship at its annual national conventions, and in 1999 middle school and elementary school divisions were added. Prior to the rise of "[[good quizbowl]]", some prominent teams such as [[Dorman]] often made sure that all of their players were Beta Club members and made a concerted effort to win this tournament, especially if they had become disenchanted with the [[NAC]] and wanted a less ethically fraught opportunity to play terrible questions. Ever since the availability of [[NSC|superior]] [[HSNCT|alternatives]], this has become less common, though nationally prominent quizbowl team [[Dunbar]] still participates.<br />
<br />
[[File:Beta.jpg|thumb|Oh no! Beta!]]<br />
<br />
Individual states have the option to obtain questions for their state conventions from wherever they choose. Each year, a set for state conventions in each of the three Beta age divisions (in those states that choose to use it), as well as a set for the national convention in each age division, is written by [[Bryce Avery]]. Avery provides written tests of 50 multiple-choice questions for each division. The top teams then advance to a 4-round quizbowl tournament, where each round has 20 tossups and 20 2-part bonuses, per Beta's request. <br />
<br />
There is no apparent central repository of information on who won the tournament prior to 2009, who the previous question supplier was, or even exactly when the event started.<br />
<br />
Results from 2009 on (in the form of a list of the top 4-5 teams only) are maintained at the Beta website. Prior results can be found elsewhere for most years.<br />
<br />
The junior division includes both middle school students and 9th graders (including from districts where high school begins at 9th grade), so teams entirely representing the 9th grade of a high school sometimes compete alongside middle school teams.<br />
<br />
Known info (high school):<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Third<br />
! Fourth<br />
! Location<br />
|- <br />
| [[1985 Beta|1985]]<br />
| [[Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1986 Beta|1986]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1987 Beta|1987]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1988 Beta|1988]]<br />
| [[Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1989 Beta|1989]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Loretto|Loretto]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1990 Beta|1990]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1991 Beta|1991]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[1992 Beta|1992]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[1993 Beta|1993]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1994 Beta|1994]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1995 Beta|1995]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[1996 Beta|1996]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Gadsden|Gadsden]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| St. Louis, MO<br />
|- <br />
| [[1997 Beta|1997]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)(|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| [[Miller|Miller]]<br />
| [[Byng|Byng]]<br />
| New Orleans, LA<br />
|- <br />
| [[1998 Beta|1998]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|- <br />
| [[1999 Beta|1999]]<br />
| [[duPont Manual|duPont Manual]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[Parkview (GA)|Parkview]]<br />
| [[Newton|Newton]]<br />
| Myrtle Beach, SC<br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 Beta|2000]]<br />
| [[Southside (SC)|Southside]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| [[Baton Rouge Magnet|Baton Rouge Magnet]]<br />
| [[Pendleton Heights|Pendleton Heights]]<br />
| Dallas, TX<br />
|- <br />
| [[2001 Beta|2001]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| [[Conway|Conway]]<br />
| [[Greenwood|Greenwood]]<br />
| Cincinnati, OH<br />
|- <br />
| [[2002 Beta|2002]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Pioneer|Pioneer]]<br />
| Kissimmee, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[2003 Beta|2003]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Parkview (GA)|Parkview]]<br />
| [[Morristown West|Morristown West]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|- <br />
| [[2004 Beta|2004]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Cutter Morning Star|Cutter Morning Star]]<br />
| [[Johnson Central|Johnson Central]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| Atlanta, GA<br />
|- <br />
| [[2005 Beta|2005]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Newberry|Newberry]]<br />
| New Orleans, LA<br />
|- <br />
| [[2006 Beta|2006]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Warner Robins|Warner Robins]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[South Lamar|South Lamar]]<br />
| Greensboro, NC<br />
|- <br />
| [[2007 Beta|2007]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Parkview (AR)|Parkview (AR)]]<br />
| [[Parkview (GA)|Parkview (GA)]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell (KY)]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|- <br />
| [[2008 Beta|2008]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| [[2008 Morrilton| Morrilton]]<br />
| Myrtle Beach, SC<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Beta|2009]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Arab|Arab]]<br />
| [[Nettleton|Nettleton]]<br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 Beta|2010]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Morrilton|Morrilton]]<br />
| [[Arab|Arab]]<br />
| [[Highland Tech|Highland Tech]]<br />
| Louisville, KY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Beta|2011]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[DeBakey|DeBakey]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[St. Thomas More|St. Thomas More]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Beta|2012]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Watson Chapel|Watson Chapel]]<br />
| [[Arab|Arab]]<br />
| [[New Kent|New Kent]]<br />
| Greensboro, NC<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Beta|2013]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[Northshore|Northshore]]<br />
| [[Chisum|Chisum]]<br />
| Mobile, AL<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Beta|2014]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Twin Rivers|Twin Rivers]]<br />
| [[Watson Chapel|Watson Chapel]]<br />
| [[Plainview|Plainview]]<br />
| Richmond, VA<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 Beta|2015]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[New Kent|New Kent]]<br />
| [[Bellaire|Bellaire]]<br />
| [[Hickory|Hickory]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Beta|2016]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Beta|2017]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Beta|2018]]<br />
| [[Eastside (SC)|Eastside]]<br />
| [[Thayer|Thayer]] <br />
| [[Chase (NC)|Chase]]<br />
| [[Portageville|Portageville]]<br />
| Savannah, GA<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Beta|2019]]<br />
| [[Norfolk Academic Guild|Norfolk Academic Guild]]<br />
| [[Mountain View (AR)|Mountain View]]<br />
| [[Eastside (SC)|Eastside]]<br />
| [[Conway|Conway]]<br />
| Oklahoma City, OK<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 Beta|2020]]<br />
| [[Eastside (SC)|Eastside]]<br />
| [[Northview (GA)|Northview]]<br />
| [[Baton Rouge Magnet|Baton Rouge Magnet]]<br />
| [[Central Lafourche|Central Lafourche]]<br />
| Fort Worth, TX<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Beta|2021]]<br />
| [[Elizabethtown]]<br />
| [[Fairfield Central]]<br />
| [[Fargo-Gage]]<br />
| [[Alexander Central]]<br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Beta|2022]]<br />
| [[Central Hardin]]<br />
| [[Southwestern Randolh]]<br />
| [[Hertford County]]<br />
| [[Hancock]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Beta|2023]]<br />
| [[Bryan Station]]<br />
| [[Baton Rouge Magnet]]<br />
| [[Blountstown]]<br />
| [[Wallace-Rose]]<br />
| Louisville, KY<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Middle school<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Third<br />
! Fourth<br />
|- <br />
| [[1999 Beta|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 Arab Junior High|Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[1999 Moultrie|Moultrie]]<br />
| [[1999 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[1999 Jackson Heights|Jackson Heights]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 Beta|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2000 Arab Junior High|Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[2000 Moultrie|Moultrie]]<br />
| [[2000 Gladden|Gladden]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2001 Beta|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2001 Rosa Scott|Rosa Scott]]<br />
| [[2001 Union Grove|Union Grove]]<br />
| [[2001 E.O. Coffman|E.O. Coffman]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2002 Beta|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Rosa Scott|Rosa Scott]]<br />
| [[2002 Indian Trails|Indian Trails]]<br />
| [[2002 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2002 Caldwell|Caldwell]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2003 Beta|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2003 Cullman|Cullman]]<br />
| [[2003 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2003 Northside (GA)|Northside]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2004 Beta|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2004 Drakes Creek|Drakes Creek]]<br />
| [[2004 Lone Oak|Lone Oak]]<br />
| [[2004 Arnall|Arnall]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2005 Beta|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2005 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2005 Greenwood|Greenwood]]<br />
| [[2005 Hart County|Hart County]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2006 Beta|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2006 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2006 Greenwood|Greenwood]]<br />
| [[2006 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2007 Beta|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2007 E.O. Coffman|E.O. Coffman]]<br />
| [[2007 F.T. Burns|F.T. Burns]]<br />
| [[2007 Destin|Destin]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2008 Beta|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Cullman|Cullman]]<br />
| <br />
| [[2008 Arab (Middle School)|Arab Junior High]]<br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| [[2009 Beta|2009]]<br />
| [[2009 Destin|Destin]]<br />
| [[2009 Muhlenberg North|Muhlenberg North]]<br />
| [[2009 Arab|Arab]] (9th grade)<br />
| [[2009 Arab (Middle School)|Arab Junior High]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 Beta|2010]]<br />
| [[2010 Meyzeek|Meyzeek]]<br />
| [[2010 Wren|Wren]]<br />
| [[2010 Glasgow (LA)|Glasgow]]<br />
| [[2010 Muhlenberg North|Muhlenberg North]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Beta|2011]]<br />
| [[2011 Meyzeek|Meyzeek]] <br />
| [[2011 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
| [[2011 Arab (Middle School)|Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[2011 North Oldham|North Oldham]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Beta|2012]]<br />
| [[2012 Nandua (Middle School)|Nandua]]<br />
| [[2012 Glasgow (LA)|Glasgow]]<br />
| [[2012 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2012 Royal Spring|Royal Spring]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Beta|2013]]<br />
| [[2013 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
| [[2013 Paul Breaux|Paul Breaux]]<br />
| [[2013 Lee (GA)|Lee]]<br />
| [[2013 Nash Central|Nash Central]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Beta|2014]]<br />
| [[2014 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
| [[2014 North Buncombe|North Buncombe]]<br />
| [[2014 Central Magnet (TN)|Central Magnet]]<br />
| [[2014 Sterling|Sterling]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 Beta|2015]]<br />
| [[2015 Sterling|Sterling]]<br />
| [[2015 Hunter MS|Hunter MS]]<br />
| [[2015 Concordia Christian Day|Concordia Christian Day]]<br />
| [[2015 Ivy Preparatory|Ivy Preparatory]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Beta|2016]]<br />
| [[2016 Sterling|Sterling]]<br />
| [[2016 Russellville|Russellville]]<br />
| <br />
| [[2016 Fountain Lake|Fountain Lake]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Beta|2017]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| [[Emerald Coast]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Beta|2018]]<br />
| [[Charles Townes]]<br />
| [[Collierville]]<br />
| [[Prattville]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Beta|2019]]<br />
| [[Edmonson County]]<br />
| [[Prattville]]<br />
| [[Casey County]]<br />
| [[Maiden]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 Beta|2020]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[Guntersville]]<br />
| [[Brandon]]<br />
| [[East Hardin]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Beta|2021]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[Guntersville]]<br />
| [[Brandon]]<br />
| [[East Hardin]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Beta|2022]]<br />
| [[St. Mary's Catholic (SC)|St. Mary's Catholic]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[East Hardin]]<br />
| [[Clarkton C-4]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Beta|2023]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Elementary school division - to be added<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* http://www.betaclub.org/conventionResults.php<br />
* http://www.averyenterprises.net<br />
<br />
[[Category: High school national championships]]<br />
[[Category: High school tournaments]]<br />
[[Category: Middle school tournaments]] <br />
[[Category: Quizbowl in middle school]]<br />
[[Category: Middle school national championships]]<br />
[[Category: Bad quizbowl]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=National_Academic_Championship&diff=61479National Academic Championship2023-06-19T05:02:29Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* Known information about NAC top four */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Important_Ready}}<br />
<br />
A tournament run by [[Chip Beall]]'s [[Questions Unlimited]] since 1983, the [https://www.qunlimited.com/naths.php '''National Academic Championship'''] was the first high school national tournament involving normal teams (the [[National Academic Super Bowl]] preceded it but used county-based all-star teams).<br />
<br />
The tournament is almost universally avoided by serious quizbowl teams due to its inferior question quality and myriad other issues (see below). In 2013, no teams who participated in [[NSC]] and no team who finished in the top 100 of the [[HSNCT]] participated in the NAC. In 2018 however, [[Plano West]] won both HSNCT and the NAC.<br />
<br />
From 1988 to 1994, the tournament was televised as "The Texaco Star National Academic Championship" and awarded large Texaco-supplied prizes to top finishers.<br />
<br />
Methods of qualifying for the NAC include winning a tournament of eight or more teams, finishing in the top fifteen percent of any tournament, winning a game in [[QuizNet]], getting a perfect (or highest) score in any month's [[Twenty Questions]], or making the playoffs at the previous year's NAC.<br />
<br />
In 2011, after seeing a drop in attendance, a middle school division was added. In 2017, after seeing another drop in attendance, the Chicago phase of the championship added an elementary school division.<br />
<br />
==Criticisms==<br />
''see: [[Criticisms of the NAC]]''<br />
<br />
==Popularity and legitimacy==<br />
This tournament varied from being the only game in town to being by far the largest and most prestigious national for some time, largely because of the exposure of a televised event and the prospect of winning prize money. Prior to the mid-1990s it was the default destination for top teams looking to prove themselves the best in the country. Since then, its popularity among both the elite and the mainstream of high school quizbowl has declined precipitously, with less active teams who are not in touch with the modern standards of the game comprising most of the NAC field.<br />
<br />
The dissatisfaction that many teams feel towards the NAC stems partly from the divergence between its questions and modern [[pyramidal]], [[academic]] material. The tournament has long advertised itself as using questions on "significa, not trivia" and being "light on popular culture and heavy on the academic." Both of these statements are lies. In addition to a very large dose of [[trash]] in the questions, [[trivia]] is perhaps the dominating theme of NAC answer selection. There are also a lot of open-ended subjective questions and questions so bizarre as to be uncategorizable, such as the audio tossup on blenders. Even the questions on solid academic topics are nonpyramidal, vague, and deceptive. Members of the high school quizbowl community who are familiar with basic principles of good question writing are nearly uniform in their distaste for the NAC's questions in comparison with not just the [[NSC]] and [[HSNCT]] but also with high-quality regular season tournaments.<br />
<br />
Dissatisfaction with the small number of guaranteed games, the poor questions, the questionable pairings and other ethical decisions on the part of Beall, and (after 1994) the high entry cost has always had some wiser coaches grumbling, but many of them attended anyway, judging that the sacrifices were worth the prestige of a potential win, and that the competing nationals at the time were not that much better in terms of question quality, cost-efficiency, or guaranteed games. ([[TOC|ASCN]] and [[Panasonic Academic Challenge|Panasonic]] were the only other nationals to last more than a few years.) However, Panasonic at least had a spotless ethical record, and ASCN was also considered somewhat better in this department prior to the events of [[2006 TOC|2006]]. This led a few elite teams to skip the NAC in most or all years.<br />
<br />
After the PACE NSC was established in 1998 and the NAQT HSNCT started in 1999, a few pioneering top-tier teams abandoned the NAC entirely. [[Detroit Catholic Central]] may have been the first perpetually elite high school team to leave the NAC. Defections followed in every subsequent year--notably including [[State College]], [[Dorman]], and [[Maggie Walker]], all former NAC champions. [[2002 St. John's (TX)|St. John's]] in 2002 and [[1998 State College|State College]] in 1998 are the only teams to win a major national in the same year that they participated in the NAC.<br />
<br />
In the [[modern era of high school quizbowl|same timeframe]] as the rise of NAQT and PACE, a series of accusations about Beall's ethics arose--from questionable protest resolutions, to playoff formats changed at the last minute to the benefit of longtime Beall supporters, to proven instances of [[Chip Beall and plagiarism|plagiarism]] at every level of [[Questions Unlimited]]-produced material including [[Quiznet]], [[Twenty Questions]], QU invitational sets for local tournaments, and the NAC itself. <br />
<br />
Participation at the NAC became an endorsement not only of badly written questions and ridiculously large cost-per-game ratios, but also of large ethical lapses on Beall's part. [[Matt Weiner]] frequently pointed out that plagiarism of the kind Beall was shown to have committed would get a college student expelled and a high school student severely censured--not exactly the sort of standards a high school teacher should be promoting to top students.<br />
<br />
In 2005, the NAC champion [[2005 Holland Hall|Holland Hall]] participated in the NAQT HSNCT and finished 20th. The 2006 champion [[2006 Byram Hills|Byram Hills]] attracted head-scratching from many high school quizbowl watchers, as they didn't appear to compete in any tournaments outside of Westchester before winning the NAC. In 2007, the tournament champion Harrison was rated as the 37th-best team in the country by [http://ratings.aiquizbowl.com/krach0607.php the Bykowski computer rankings] and finished 35th in the [http://www.wvquizbowl.org/july07.html Fred Morlan national poll]. In 2008, the [[2008 Booker T. Washington|Booker T. Washington]] team that won the tournament finished 24th in the Bykowski ratings and received 0 votes for Top 25 status in the Morlan poll. 2009 champion John Cooper received 0 votes in the poll and did not attend either real national championship, but did lose a game 430-90 to the Texas state champion at the NAQT Texas tournament. The extreme dilution of the NAC field and the awarding of "national championships" to third-tier quizbowl teams is expected to continue in future years.<br />
<br />
In 2006 and 2007, the single-site HSNCT attracted more teams than all three NAC sites combined, and the NSC attracted more teams than some of the individual NAC sites:<br />
<br />
[[File:Nationals Field 2016.png|800px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Nationals Field 2020.png]]<br />
<br />
The competitively weak field contributes to the ongoing delegitimization of the NAC as a "national championship."<br />
<br />
Of the teams considered the top 25 of high school quizbowl in a given year (via general opinion, Fred Morlan's rankings, or the final HSNCT or NSC standings), only one or two participate in the NAC (graph forthcoming).<br />
<br />
For all of the above reasons, '''the winner of the National Academic Championship ''is not'' the national champion of high school quizbowl and cannot legitimately claim that status.''' A team which wins the NSC and HSNCT in the same year is usually acknowledged as the top team, though if another team dominates throughout the year and is eliminated from those tournaments by close margins, or does not send its regular starting lineup to nationals for some reason, there can be some dispute. In most years, the NSC and HSNCT are won by different teams, and there are two or more teams with some claim to the top spot, usually leading to a bit of discussion over who the best team is, which almost never includes the NAC winner. Since the establishment of the HSNCT, the only NAC winners with a legitimate claim to being the top team in the country were [[2002 Irmo]], which lost a close HSNCT final to [[2002 St. John's (TX)|St. John's]] after dominating throughout the regular season, and [[2018 Plano West]], who followed up a HSNCT victory by winning the NAC.<br />
<br />
==Reasons for the NAC's continued existence==<br />
<br />
The low-quality questions, ethical issues, high cost, and diluted field have led many to speculate why any teams participate in the NAC as opposed to the other nationals. The chief reasons may include:<br />
<br />
*So-called [[trophy whore|trophy whoring]]: a desire by teams who cannot compete against good teams on good questions to take their best shot at winning some kind of hardware, by playing essentially random-outcome games with bad teams.<br />
<br />
*Sponsorship: Teams such as [[Wilmington Charter]] are awarded prizes of free NAC entry by local tournaments. <br />
<br />
*Beall's marketing/uninformed teams: Beall blankets the country in flyers for his tournament, and coaches from areas without much existing quizbowl may not know that other tournaments exist or why they are superior. In 2008, there were also targeted phone calls to coaches.<br />
<br />
*Inertia: The NAC is the oldest tournament and once had a lot of prestige; teams who remember that era, or for other reasons have gone every year since time immemorial, may be inclined to continue going.<br />
<br />
*Other non-quizbowl reasons: Teams who are not looking to compete seriously may find the NAC location more attractive as a vacation destination or the date more convenient in the school calendar as compared to other nationals.<br />
<br />
*Valuing format above all else: At least one team claims that they so prefer the [[four quarter format]] to either the NAQT or PACE formats that they will continue to attend NAC exclusively regardless of the differences in question quality, cost, competitive level, or ethical standards as compared to other tournaments. Others find this explanation implausible and believe it is an excuse for one of the above reasons.<br />
<br />
*After three consecutive years (2005-07) which saw drops in attendance, the inclusion of the "Jr. Nationals" held at the same site was likely an incentive for schools that had both a middle school and high school program to attend the same tournament together. Attendance spiked in 2008, and steadily rose until 2013, which then saw the start of another three year drop in attendance.<br />
<br />
==Format==<br />
<br />
Matches are in [[four quarter format]].<br />
<br />
As of 2007, the tournament format involves each team playing six preliminary games, the top sixteen or so teams by record and PPG going to a single-elimination bracket, and the winners of the single-elim at the first two phases flying to the final weekend to play the final two teams from the last phase in a final four for the overall title.<br />
<br />
The tournament format has varied considerably in past years; consult individual years' tournament pages for information on what the format was, when it is known.<br />
<br />
==Known information about NAC top four==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Third<br />
! Fourth<br />
|- <br />
| [[1983 NAC|1983]]<br />
| [[1983 Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]]<br />
| [[1983 Upper Arlington|Upper Arlington]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 NAC|1984]]<br />
| [[1984 Wheelersburg|Wheelersburg]]<br />
| [[1984 Charles E. Jordan|Charles E. Jordan]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 NAC|1985]]<br />
| [[1985 Skyline|Skyline]]<br />
| [[1985 Centralia|Centralia]]<br />
| [[1985 University (TN)|University]] (semifinalist)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1986 NAC|1986]]<br />
| [[1986 Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| [[1986 Cortland|Cortland]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 NAC|1987]]<br />
| [[1987 Walnut Ridge|Walnut Ridge]]<br />
| [[1987 Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]]<br />
| [[1987 Booker T. Washington|Booker T. Washington]] (semifinalist)<br />
| [[1987 Sullivan South|Sullivan South]] (semifinalist)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1988 NAC|1988]]<br />
| [[1988 Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]]<br />
| [[1988 Paschal|R.L. Paschal]]<br />
| [[1988 Granville|Granville]] (semifinalist)<br />
| [[1988 George Washington (WV)|George Washington]] (semifinalist)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 NAC|1989]]<br />
| [[1989 Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[1989 Sullivan|Sullivan]]<br />
| [[1989 Booker T. Washington|Booker T. Washington]]<br />
| [[1989 Granville|Granville]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 NAC|1990]]<br />
| [[1990 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1990 White Plains|White Plains]]<br />
| [[1990 Booker T. Washington|Booker T. Washington]] (semifinalist)<br />
| [[1990 Ithaca|Ithaca]] (semifinalist)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 NAC|1991]]<br />
| [[1991 Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[1991 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1991 Detroit Catholic Central|Detroit Catholic Central]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1992 NAC|1992]]<br />
| [[1992 Booker T. Washington|Booker T. Washington]]<br />
| [[1992 Clinton|Clinton]]<br />
| [[1992 Plano East|Plano East]] (semifinalist)<br />
| [[1992 Dorman|Dorman]] (semifinalist)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 NAC|1993]]<br />
| [[1993 Torrey Pines|Torrey Pines]] <br />
| [[1993 Temple|Temple]]<br />
| [[1993 Plano Senior|Plano Senior]]<br />
| [[1993 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 NAC|1994]]<br />
| [[1994 East Brunswick|East Brunswick]]<br />
| [[1994 Manheim Township|Manheim Township]]<br />
| <br />
| [[1994 B. Reed Henderson|B. Reed Henderson]] (semifinalist)<br />
|-<br />
| [[1995 NAC|1995]]<br />
| [[1995 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] <br />
| [[1995 James Island|James Island]]<br />
| [[1995 Grand Rapids|Grand Rapids]]<br />
| [[1995 Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 NAC|1996]]<br />
| [[1996 Houston Memorial|Houston Memorial]]<br />
| [[1996 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] <br />
| [[1996 Manheim Township|Manheim Township]] <br />
| [[1996 Downingtown|Downingtown]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1997 NAC|1997]]<br />
| [[1997 Edison|Edison]]<br />
| [[1997 James Island|James Island]]<br />
| [[1997 Altamont|Altamont]]<br />
| [[1997 Bellaire|Bellaire]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 NAC|1998]]<br />
| [[1998 State College|State College]]<br />
| [[1998 James Island|James Island]]<br />
| [[1998 Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| [[1998 Verona|Verona]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 NAC|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 James Island|James Island]]<br />
| [[1999 Ridgewood|Ridgewood]]<br />
| [[1999 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1999 Altamont|Altamont]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 NAC|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Manheim Township|Manheim Township]]<br />
| [[2000 Horace Greeley|Horace Greeley]]<br />
| [[2000 Booker T. Washington|Booker T. Washington]]<br />
| [[2000 Plymouth Canton|Plymouth Canton]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 NAC|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Irmo|Irmo]] <br />
| [[2001 Walton|Walton]]<br />
| [[2001 St. John's (TX)|St. John's]]<br />
| [[2001 Klein|Klein]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 NAC|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Irmo|Irmo]] <br />
| [[2002 Horace Greeley|Horace Greeley]] <br />
| [[2002 St. John's (TX)|St. John's]] <br />
| [[2002 Edison|Edison A]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 NAC|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Horace Greeley|Horace Greeley]]<br />
| [[2003 Scripps Ranch|Scripps Ranch]]<br />
| [[2003 Smithtown|Smithtown]]<br />
| [[2003 Walton|Walton]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 NAC|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 St. Thomas (MN)|St. Thomas]]<br />
| [[2004 Elizabethtown|Elizabethtown]]<br />
| [[2004 Horace Greeley|Horace Greeley]]<br />
| [[2004 West Chester East|West Chester East]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 NAC|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Holland Hall|Holland Hall]]<br />
| [[2005 El Paso|El Paso]]<br />
| [[2005 Russell|Russell]]<br />
| [[2005 Byram Hills|Byram Hills]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 NAC|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 Byram Hills|Byram Hills]]<br />
| [[2006 Chaska|Chaska]]<br />
| [[2006 Hastings|Hastings]]<br />
| [[2006 St. Thomas (MN)|St. Thomas]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 NAC|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Harrison|Harrison]]<br />
| [[2007 Manheim Township|Manheim Township]]<br />
| [[2007 Horace Greeley|Horace Greeley]]<br />
| [[2007 Torrey Pines|Torrey Pines]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 NAC|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Booker T. Washington|Booker T. Washington]]<br />
| [[2008 Wilmington Charter|Wilmington Charter]]<br />
| [[2008 New Rochelle|New Rochelle]]<br />
| [[2008 John Cooper|John Cooper]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 NAC|2009]]<br />
| [[2009 John Cooper|John Cooper]]<br />
| [[2009 Copley|Copley]]<br />
| [[2009 Horace Greeley|Horace Greeley]]<br />
| [[2009 Byram Hills|Byram Hills]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 NAC|2010]]<br />
| [[2010 Zionsville|Zionsville]]<br />
| [[2010 Parkersburg|Parkersburg]]<br />
| [[2010 Horace Greeley|Horace Greeley]]<br />
| [[2010 Smithtown East|Smithtown East]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 NAC|2011]]<br />
| [[2011 Harrison|Harrison]]<br />
| [[2011 Ardsley|Ardsley]]<br />
| [[2011 White Plains|White Plains]]<br />
| [[2011 Copley|Copley]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 NAC|2012]]<br />
| [[2011 Detroit Jesuit|Detroit Jesuit]]<br />
| [[2011 High Tech|High Tech]]<br />
| [[2011 Harrison|Harrison]]<br />
| [[2011 White Plains|White Plains]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 NAC|2013]]<br />
| [[Horace Greeley]]<br />
| [[Pingry]]<br />
| [[Fishers]]<br />
| [[Coronado (TX)|Coronado B]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 NAC|2014]]<br />
| [[New Orleans Jesuit]]<br />
| [[Pingry]]<br />
| [[Horace Greeley]]<br />
| [[Coronado]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 NAC|2015]]<br />
| [[Coronado]]<br />
| [[Lusher]]<br />
| [[Bishop Kelley]]<br />
| [[Pingry]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 NAC|2016]]<br />
| [[Daviess County]]<br />
| [[Briarcliff]]<br />
| [[Harrison]]<br />
| [[Lakewood]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 NAC|2017]]<br />
| [[Zionsville]]<br />
| [[Wayzata]]<br />
| [[Campbell County]]<br />
| [[Detroit Jesuit]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 NAC|2018]]<br />
| [[Plano West]]<br />
| [[Altamont]]<br />
| [[Chatham]]<br />
| [[University (IN)]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 NAC|2019]]<br />
| [[Detroit Jesuit]]<br />
| [[New Orleans Jesuit]]<br />
| [[Elkhorn South]]<br />
| [[Parkland]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 NAC|2020]]<br />
| [[Pingry]]<br />
| [[Lusher]]<br />
| [[Edgemont]]<br />
| [[Hastings High School|Hastings]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 NAC|2021]]<sup>[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/e/2PACX-1vRSXc9zFnhrYE-LWGouZmYVLzn1zS9Gy429IQBOxrvlx7PkEiHIfOurI-3djUpMQ5DAx4pEn1t_HaSd/pubhtml]</sup><br />
| [[Byram Hills]]<br />
| [[Tartan]]<br />
| [[Hastings High School|Hastings]]<br />
| [[Hunter]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 NAC|2022]]<br />
| [[Holton Arms]]<br />
| [[Edgemont]]<br />
| [[Byram Hills]]<br />
| [[Little Rock Central]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 NAC|2023]]<br />
| [[Horace Greeley]]<br />
| [[Eastchester]]<br />
| [[Hastings High School|Hastings]]<br />
| [[New Orleans Jesuit]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Beginning in 2013, a three-team double-elimination tournament was used to determine the tournament winner out of the three regional winners, rather than the four-team single-elimination used since the introduction of the three-site format in 2000. The fourth-place team listed from 2013 on is the one identified as such in the "tournament progress" column on QU's website.<br />
<br />
==Other NAC information==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year<br />
! Location(s)<br />
! TV, prizes, and other notes<br />
! HS field size<br />
! MS field size<br />
|- <br />
| [[1983 NAC|1983]]<br />
| Prelims took place at Dallas Baptist College and were broadcast on local radio. Semi-finals and finals were held at WFAA-TV studios in Dallas. <br />
| Presumably shown locally on WFAA (an ABC affiliate)<br />
| 34<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 NAC|1984]]<br />
| Prelims took place at Dallas Baptist College and were broadcast on local radio. Semi-finals and finals were held at WFAA-TV studios in Dallas. <br />
| Presumably shown locally on WFAA (an ABC affiliate)<br />
| ???<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 NAC|1985]]<br />
| Prelims took place at Dallas Baptist University and were broadcast on local radio. Semi-finals and finals were held at WFAA-TV studios in Dallas. <br />
| Presumably shown locally on WFAA (an ABC affiliate)<br />
| 50<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1986 NAC|1986]]<br />
| University of Miami<br />
| <br />
| 50+<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 NAC|1987]]<br />
| Ohio State University<br />
| All rounds were conducted at The Ohio State University's Fawcett Center for Tomorrow. The Regional Finals, Semifinals, and Finals were recorded by WOSU and broadcast on Public Broadcasting System affiliates nationwide. No prizes were awarded beyond glass trophies. The captain of the winning Walnut Ridge team, which was the local team, asked if OSU would offer any scholarship money but was told no.<br />
| 57<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1988 NAC|1988]]<br />
| Prelims took place at the University of New Orleans. Televised quarterfinal and beyond matches were at the studios of WYES, the PBS station in New Orleans.<br />
| This was the first year that the tournament was sponsored by Texaco as the "Texaco Star National Academic Championship." The quarterfinals and beyond were televised on the Discovery Channel nightly from June 19 to June 25, 1988. The winner advanced to the [[Texaco Star North American Challenge]]. Scholarships and rings were provided to the winning team, and the awards banquet was held at the Petroleum Club.<br />
| 76<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 NAC|1989]]<br />
| Prelims took place at the University of New Orleans.<br />
| The quarterfinals and beyond were broadcast on the Discovery Channel from July 1 to August 24, 1989. The winning team received rings and $5000 in scholarships, while the second place team received $2500 in scholarships.<br />
| 64<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 NAC|1990]]<br />
| Rice University<br />
| Televised on Discovery channel, all lodging/entry/food/etc fully subsidized by Texaco, $50,000 in scholarships awarded to winning school, $25,000 in total scholarships awarded to other top finishers, winners received championship rings and new computers<br />
| 78<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 NAC|1991]]<br />
| Rice University<br />
| Televised on Discovery channel, all lodging/entry/food/etc fully subsidized by Texaco, $50,000 in scholarships awarded to winning school, $25,000 in scholarships awarded to second-place team.<br />
| 92<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1992 NAC|1992]]<br />
| Rice University<br />
| $50,000 in scholarships awarded to winning school, $25,000 in scholarships awarded to second-place team. Final three single-elimination rounds were brodcast on KPRC, Houston's NBC affiliate, probably as part of a nationwide syndication setup.<br />
| 82<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 NAC|1993]]<br />
| Rice University and KPRC studios in Houston.<br />
| Presumably shown on TV somewhere since the end of the tournament was held at a TV studio. $50,000 in scholarships awarded to winning school, $25,000 in scholarships awarded to second-place team.<br />
| 84<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 NAC|1994]]<br />
| Rice University <br />
| Last year of Texaco sponsorship. Final rounds were produced in conjunction with New York PBS station WNET and shown on PBS stations nationwide. Mark Walberg hosted the televised rounds instead of Chip Beall. $50,000 in scholarships awarded to winning school, $25,000 in scholarships awarded to second-place team.<br />
| 73<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1995 NAC|1995]]<br />
| Second phase and finals were held at Marymount University in Arlington, VA June 9-12. A prior phase occurred at the University of Dallas June 2-5.<br />
| $2500 prize given to champions as part of partial sponsorship arrangement with Continental Airlines.<br />
| 108<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 NAC|1996]]<br />
| Held in New Orleans and at Marymount University in Arlington, VA.<br />
| Winner of New Orleans phase given free travel to Washington to compete for overall championship. <br />
| 125<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1997 NAC|1997]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University in New Orleans from May 29 to June 1, and Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 12-15.<br />
| Winner of New Orleans phase given free travel to Washington to compete for overall championship. <br />
| 114<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 NAC|1998]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University in New Orleans from May 29 to June 1, and Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 11-14.<br />
| Winner of New Orleans phase given free travel to Washington to compete for overall championship. <br />
| 118<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 NAC|1999]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University in New Orleans from June 3 to June 6, and Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 10-13.<br />
| Winner of New Orleans phase given free travel to Washington to compete for overall championship. <br />
| 125<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 NAC|2000]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University in New Orleans from June 1 to June 4, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 8 to June 11, and Pepperdine University in Malibu, CA from June 15 to June 18.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases were to receive free travel to Malibu to compete for overall championship, but see tournament page for what happened instead. Overall tournament winner received $2500.<br />
| 119<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 NAC|2001]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University in New Orleans from May 31 to June 3, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 7 to June 10, and Pepperdine University in Malibu, CA from June 14 to June 17.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases received free travel to Malibu to compete for overall championship.<br />
| 133<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 NAC|2002]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University in New Orleans from May 30 to June 2, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 6 to June 9, and Pepperdine University in Malibu, CA from June 13 to June 16.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases received free travel to Malibu to compete for overall championship.<br />
| 129<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 NAC|2003]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University in New Orleans from May 30 to June 2, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 5 to June 8, and Drury Plaza Hotel, St. Louis, MO from June 12 to June 15.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases received free travel to St. Louis to compete for overall championship.<br />
| 105<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 NAC|2004]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University in New Orleans from May 28 to May 31, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 3 to June 6, and Drury Plaza Hotel, St. Louis, MO from June 11 to June 14.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases received free travel to St. Louis to compete for overall championship.<br />
| 112<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 NAC|2005]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University in New Orleans from May 28 to May 31, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 3 to June 6, and the Embassy Suites O'Hare, Chicago, IL from June 10 to June 13.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases received free travel to Chicago to compete for overall championship.<br />
| 114<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 NAC|2006]]<br />
| Held at the Crowne Plaza Riverwalk in San Antonio from May 27 to May 30, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 2 to June 5, and the Crown Plaza O'Hare in Chicago from June 9 to June 12.<br />
| Winners of San Antonio and DC phases received free travel to Chicago to compete for overall championship.<br />
| 101<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 NAC|2007]]<br />
| Held at the Crowne Plaza Riverwalk in San Antonio from May 26 to May 29, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 1 to June 5, and Ramada Plaza in Orlando from June 9 to June 12.<br />
| Winners of San Antonio and DC phases received free travel to Orlando to compete for overall championship. The "Muller Foundation" sponsored a $2000 scholarship for the winning team.<br />
| 90<br />
| n/a<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 NAC|2008]]<br />
| Held at the Hilton DFW from May 24 to May 26, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from May 30 to June 2, and Holiday Inn Chicago O'Hare from June 7 to June 9.<br />
| <br />
| 125<br />
| 11<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 NAC|2009]]<br />
| Held at someplace in New Orleans from May 23 to May 25, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 6 to June 8, and Sheraton Four Points in Chicago from June 13 to June 15.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases received free travel to Chicago to compete for overall championship. The two finalists in Chicago were each given $1000, and the overall winner received monogrammed letter jackets.<br />
| 125<br />
| 37<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 NAC|2010]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University, New Orleans from May 29 to 31, Marymount University in Arlington, VA from June 4 to June 6, and Sheraton Four Points in Chicago from June 12 to 14.<br />
| <br />
| 121<br />
| 56<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 NAC|2011]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University, New Orleans from May 28 to 30, the Sheraton National hotel in Arlington, VA, from June 4 to June 6, and a Chicago-area site from June 11 to 13.<br />
| <br />
| 136<br />
| 54<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 NAC|2012]]<br />
| Held at Loyola University, New Orleans from May 26 to May 28, the Westin Alexandria (VA) from June 1 to June 3, and Sheraton Four Points in Chicago from June 9 to June 11.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases received free travel to Chicago to compete for overall championship.<br />
| 148<br />
| 47<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 NAC|2013]]<br />
| Held at Hampton Inn and Suites New Orleans Convention Center, Washington DC, and Chicago-area sites.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases received free travel to Chicago to compete for overall championship.<br />
| 152<br />
| 60<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 NAC|2014]]<br />
| Held at Hampton Inn and Suites New Orleans Convention Center from May 24 to May 26, the Hilton Alexandria Mark Center (VA) from May 31 to June 1, and Sheraton Four Points in Chicago from June 7 to June 9.<br />
| Winners of New Orleans and DC phases received free travel to Chicago to compete for overall championship.<br />
| 140<br />
| 62<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:High school national championships]]<br />
[[Category:High school tournaments]]<br />
[[Category:Bad quizbowl]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Beta_Club_Quizbowl&diff=61468Beta Club Quizbowl2023-06-17T18:57:32Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Beta Club''' is an honor/service organization for American primary and secondary school students, which is primarily active in the greater Southeast, though it has state chapters as far north as Illinois and as far west as Texas. It is roughly analogous to the more universal '''National Honor Society'''. Since at least 1985, the Beta Club has sponsored a high school quizbowl championship at its annual national conventions, and in 1999 middle school and elementary school divisions were added. Prior to the rise of "[[good quizbowl]]", some prominent teams such as [[Dorman]] often made sure that all of their players were Beta Club members and made a concerted effort to win this tournament, especially if they had become disenchanted with the [[NAC]] and wanted a less ethically fraught opportunity to play terrible questions. Ever since the availability of [[NSC|superior]] [[HSNCT|alternatives]], this has become less common, though nationally prominent quizbowl team [[Dunbar]] still participates.<br />
<br />
[[File:Beta.jpg|thumb|Oh no! Beta!]]<br />
<br />
Individual states have the option to obtain questions for their state conventions from wherever they choose. Each year, a set for state conventions in each of the three Beta age divisions (in those states that choose to use it), as well as a set for the national convention in each age division, is written by [[Bryce Avery]]. Avery provides written tests of 50 multiple-choice questions for each division. The top teams then advance to a 4-round quizbowl tournament, where each round has 20 tossups and 20 2-part bonuses, per Beta's request. <br />
<br />
There is no apparent central repository of information on who won the tournament prior to 2009, who the previous question supplier was, or even exactly when the event started.<br />
<br />
Results from 2009 on (in the form of a list of the top 4-5 teams only) are maintained at the Beta website. Prior results can be found elsewhere for most years.<br />
<br />
The junior division includes both middle school students and 9th graders (including from districts where high school begins at 9th grade), so teams entirely representing the 9th grade of a high school sometimes compete alongside middle school teams.<br />
<br />
Known info (high school):<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Third<br />
! Fourth<br />
! Location<br />
|- <br />
| [[1985 Beta|1985]]<br />
| [[Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1986 Beta|1986]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1987 Beta|1987]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1988 Beta|1988]]<br />
| [[Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1989 Beta|1989]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Loretto|Loretto]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1990 Beta|1990]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1991 Beta|1991]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[1992 Beta|1992]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Irmo|Irmo]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[1993 Beta|1993]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1994 Beta|1994]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|- <br />
| [[1995 Beta|1995]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[1996 Beta|1996]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Gadsden|Gadsden]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| St. Louis, MO<br />
|- <br />
| [[1997 Beta|1997]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)(|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| [[Miller|Miller]]<br />
| [[Byng|Byng]]<br />
| New Orleans, LA<br />
|- <br />
| [[1998 Beta|1998]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|- <br />
| [[1999 Beta|1999]]<br />
| [[duPont Manual|duPont Manual]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[Parkview (GA)|Parkview]]<br />
| [[Newton|Newton]]<br />
| Myrtle Beach, SC<br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 Beta|2000]]<br />
| [[Southside (SC)|Southside]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| [[Baton Rouge Magnet|Baton Rouge Magnet]]<br />
| [[Pendleton Heights|Pendleton Heights]]<br />
| Dallas, TX<br />
|- <br />
| [[2001 Beta|2001]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| [[Conway|Conway]]<br />
| [[Greenwood|Greenwood]]<br />
| Cincinnati, OH<br />
|- <br />
| [[2002 Beta|2002]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Pioneer|Pioneer]]<br />
| Kissimmee, FL<br />
|- <br />
| [[2003 Beta|2003]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Parkview (GA)|Parkview]]<br />
| [[Morristown West|Morristown West]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|- <br />
| [[2004 Beta|2004]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Cutter Morning Star|Cutter Morning Star]]<br />
| [[Johnson Central|Johnson Central]]<br />
| [[Richmond Senior (NC)|Richmond Senior]]<br />
| Atlanta, GA<br />
|- <br />
| [[2005 Beta|2005]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Newberry|Newberry]]<br />
| New Orleans, LA<br />
|- <br />
| [[2006 Beta|2006]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell]]<br />
| [[Warner Robins|Warner Robins]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[South Lamar|South Lamar]]<br />
| Greensboro, NC<br />
|- <br />
| [[2007 Beta|2007]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Parkview (AR)|Parkview (AR)]]<br />
| [[Parkview (GA)|Parkview (GA)]]<br />
| [[Russell (KY)|Russell (KY)]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|- <br />
| [[2008 Beta|2008]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| [[2008 Morrilton| Morrilton]]<br />
| Myrtle Beach, SC<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Beta|2009]]<br />
| [[Dorman|Dorman]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Arab|Arab]]<br />
| [[Nettleton|Nettleton]]<br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 Beta|2010]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Morrilton|Morrilton]]<br />
| [[Arab|Arab]]<br />
| [[Highland Tech|Highland Tech]]<br />
| Louisville, KY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Beta|2011]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[DeBakey|DeBakey]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[St. Thomas More|St. Thomas More]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Beta|2012]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Watson Chapel|Watson Chapel]]<br />
| [[Arab|Arab]]<br />
| [[New Kent|New Kent]]<br />
| Greensboro, NC<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Beta|2013]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[Northshore|Northshore]]<br />
| [[Chisum|Chisum]]<br />
| Mobile, AL<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Beta|2014]]<br />
| [[Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
| [[Twin Rivers|Twin Rivers]]<br />
| [[Watson Chapel|Watson Chapel]]<br />
| [[Plainview|Plainview]]<br />
| Richmond, VA<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 Beta|2015]]<br />
| [[Ezell-Harding|Ezell-Harding]]<br />
| [[New Kent|New Kent]]<br />
| [[Bellaire|Bellaire]]<br />
| [[Hickory|Hickory]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Beta|2016]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Beta|2017]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Beta|2018]]<br />
| [[Eastside (SC)|Eastside]]<br />
| [[Thayer|Thayer]] <br />
| [[Chase (NC)|Chase]]<br />
| [[Portageville|Portageville]]<br />
| Savannah, GA<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Beta|2019]]<br />
| [[Norfolk Academic Guild|Norfolk Academic Guild]]<br />
| [[Mountain View (AR)|Mountain View]]<br />
| [[Eastside (SC)|Eastside]]<br />
| [[Conway|Conway]]<br />
| Oklahoma City, OK<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 Beta|2020]]<br />
| [[Eastside (SC)|Eastside]]<br />
| [[Northview (GA)|Northview]]<br />
| [[Baton Rouge Magnet|Baton Rouge Magnet]]<br />
| [[Central Lafourche|Central Lafourche]]<br />
| Fort Worth, TX<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Beta|2021]]<br />
| [[Elizabethtown]]<br />
| [[Fairfield Central]]<br />
| [[Fargo-Gage]]<br />
| [[Alexander Central]]<br />
| Orlando, FL<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Beta|2022]]<br />
| [[Central Hardin]]<br />
| [[Southwestern Randolh]]<br />
| [[Hertford County]]<br />
| [[Hancock]]<br />
| Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Beta|2023]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Louisville, KY<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Middle school<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Third<br />
! Fourth<br />
|- <br />
| [[1999 Beta|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 Arab Junior High|Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[1999 Moultrie|Moultrie]]<br />
| [[1999 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[1999 Jackson Heights|Jackson Heights]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 Beta|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2000 Arab Junior High|Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[2000 Moultrie|Moultrie]]<br />
| [[2000 Gladden|Gladden]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2001 Beta|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2001 Rosa Scott|Rosa Scott]]<br />
| [[2001 Union Grove|Union Grove]]<br />
| [[2001 E.O. Coffman|E.O. Coffman]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2002 Beta|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Rosa Scott|Rosa Scott]]<br />
| [[2002 Indian Trails|Indian Trails]]<br />
| [[2002 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2002 Caldwell|Caldwell]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2003 Beta|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2003 Cullman|Cullman]]<br />
| [[2003 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2003 Northside (GA)|Northside]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2004 Beta|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2004 Drakes Creek|Drakes Creek]]<br />
| [[2004 Lone Oak|Lone Oak]]<br />
| [[2004 Arnall|Arnall]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2005 Beta|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2005 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2005 Greenwood|Greenwood]]<br />
| [[2005 Hart County|Hart County]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2006 Beta|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2006 Haynes Bridge|Haynes Bridge]]<br />
| [[2006 Greenwood|Greenwood]]<br />
| [[2006 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2007 Beta|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Webb Bridge|Webb Bridge]]<br />
| [[2007 E.O. Coffman|E.O. Coffman]]<br />
| [[2007 F.T. Burns|F.T. Burns]]<br />
| [[2007 Destin|Destin]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[2008 Beta|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Cullman|Cullman]]<br />
| <br />
| [[2008 Arab (Middle School)|Arab Junior High]]<br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| [[2009 Beta|2009]]<br />
| [[2009 Destin|Destin]]<br />
| [[2009 Muhlenberg North|Muhlenberg North]]<br />
| [[2009 Arab|Arab]] (9th grade)<br />
| [[2009 Arab (Middle School)|Arab Junior High]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 Beta|2010]]<br />
| [[2010 Meyzeek|Meyzeek]]<br />
| [[2010 Wren|Wren]]<br />
| [[2010 Glasgow (LA)|Glasgow]]<br />
| [[2010 Muhlenberg North|Muhlenberg North]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Beta|2011]]<br />
| [[2011 Meyzeek|Meyzeek]] <br />
| [[2011 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
| [[2011 Arab (Middle School)|Arab Junior High]]<br />
| [[2011 North Oldham|North Oldham]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Beta|2012]]<br />
| [[2012 Nandua (Middle School)|Nandua]]<br />
| [[2012 Glasgow (LA)|Glasgow]]<br />
| [[2012 Sacred Heart (TX)|Sacred Heart]]<br />
| [[2012 Royal Spring|Royal Spring]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Beta|2013]]<br />
| [[2013 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
| [[2013 Paul Breaux|Paul Breaux]]<br />
| [[2013 Lee (GA)|Lee]]<br />
| [[2013 Nash Central|Nash Central]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Beta|2014]]<br />
| [[2014 River Trail|River Trail]]<br />
| [[2014 North Buncombe|North Buncombe]]<br />
| [[2014 Central Magnet (TN)|Central Magnet]]<br />
| [[2014 Sterling|Sterling]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 Beta|2015]]<br />
| [[2015 Sterling|Sterling]]<br />
| [[2015 Hunter MS|Hunter MS]]<br />
| [[2015 Concordia Christian Day|Concordia Christian Day]]<br />
| [[2015 Ivy Preparatory|Ivy Preparatory]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Beta|2016]]<br />
| [[2016 Sterling|Sterling]]<br />
| [[2016 Russellville|Russellville]]<br />
| <br />
| [[2016 Fountain Lake|Fountain Lake]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Beta|2017]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| [[Emerald Coast]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Beta|2018]]<br />
| [[Charles Townes]]<br />
| [[Collierville]]<br />
| [[Prattville]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Beta|2019]]<br />
| [[Edmonson County]]<br />
| [[Prattville]]<br />
| [[Casey County]]<br />
| [[Maiden]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 Beta|2020]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[Guntersville]]<br />
| [[Brandon]]<br />
| [[East Hardin]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Beta|2021]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[Guntersville]]<br />
| [[Brandon]]<br />
| [[East Hardin]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Beta|2022]]<br />
| [[St. Mary's Catholic (SC)|St. Mary's Catholic]]<br />
| [[Bowling Green]]<br />
| [[East Hardin]]<br />
| [[Clarkton C-4]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Beta|2023]]<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Elementary school division - to be added<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
* http://www.betaclub.org/conventionResults.php<br />
* http://www.averyenterprises.net<br />
<br />
[[Category: High school national championships]]<br />
[[Category: High school tournaments]]<br />
[[Category: Middle school tournaments]] <br />
[[Category: Quizbowl in middle school]]<br />
[[Category: Middle school national championships]]<br />
[[Category: Bad quizbowl]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Honda_Campus_All-Star_Challenge&diff=61327Honda Campus All-Star Challenge2023-06-05T14:16:52Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* HCASC NCT top finishers/locations */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Honda Campus All-Star Challenge''' (HSASC) is a program for historically black colleges and universities that is operated by the [[College Bowl|College Bowl Company]] and sponsored by Honda. The HSASC season culminate on a National Championship Tournament, an annual competition in March that has been held every year since 1990. For the entire duration of College Bowl National Championship Tournament, which ended in 2008, HCASC participants could not play in the [[College Bowl]] series due to the recycling of questions between the two events.<br />
<br />
The name also refers to a small circuit of tournaments, advertised as "preparatory" HCASC Pre-NCT tournaments, which are run and attended by HCASC programs on questions supplied by College Bowl.<br />
<br />
==Ban from College Bowl==<br />
HCASC has infamously had a history of attempting to restrict HCASC teams from the mainstream quizbowl circuit. Until 1996, participants in HCASC were barred by College Bowl from playing in any quizbowl tournaments, on penalty of disqualification from HCASC. From 1996 until fall 1999, College Bowl compromised by allowing HCASC schools to play in "licensed tourmaments". To qualify as a licensed tournament, tournament organizers had to sign a statement acknowledging that College Bowl had a trademark on intercollegiate academic competition. This policy was met with criticism by individuals such as [[Albert Whited]], who referred to the policy as being racist. On the other hand, the policy also had its supporters including, [[Tom Michael]], [[Chris Sloan]], and [[Hayden Hurst]], who either defended the policy outright or condemned Whited for his "[[civility|intemperate]]" language. Nonetheless the "licensed tournaments" policy was also repealed before the 1999-2000 academic year. <br />
<br />
Since the lifting of the ban, teams such as [[Morehouse]] and [[Langston]] have ventured to quizbowl tournaments with some success.<br />
<br />
The HCASC was televised on BET for several years in the 1990s.<br />
<br />
==HCASC NCT top finishers/locations==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Third<br />
! Fourth<br />
! Location<br />
|- <br />
|[[1990 HCASC|1990]]<br />
|[[1990 West Virginia State|West Virginia State]]<br />
|[[1990 Alcorn State|Alcorn State]]<br />
|[[1990 Prairie View A&M|Prairie View A&M]]<br />
|[[1990 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|Washington, DC<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 HCASC|1991]]<br />
|[[1991 Florida A&M|Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[1991 West Virginia State|West Virginia State]]<br />
|[[1991 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|[[1991 Howard|Howard]]<br />
|Los Angeles<br />
|-<br />
|[[1992 HCASC|1992]]<br />
|[[1992 Norfolk State|Norfolk State]]<br />
|[[1992 Langston|Langston]]<br />
|[[1992 Texas Southern|Texas Southern]]<br />
|[[1992 UDC|UDC]]<br />
|Los Angeles<br />
|-<br />
|[[1993 HCASC|1993]]<br />
|[[1993 Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]<br />
|[[1993 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|[[1993 North Carolina Central|North Carolina Central]]<br />
|[[1993 Florida A&M|Florida A&M]]<br />
|Los Angeles<br />
|-<br />
|[[1994 HCASC|1994]]<br />
|[[1994 Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]<br />
|[[1994 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|[[1994 Jackson State|Jackson State]]<br />
|[[1994 Xavier|Xavier]]<br />
|Los Angeles<br />
|-<br />
|[[1995 HCASC|1995]]<br />
|[[1995 Jackson State|Jackson State]]<br />
|[[1995 Howard|Howard]]<br />
|[[1995 Kentucky State|Kentucky State]]<br />
|[[1995 Norfolk State|Norfolk State]]<br />
|Los Angeles<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 HCASC|1996]]<br />
|[[1996 Florida A&M|Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[1996 South Carolina State|South Carolina State]]<br />
|[[1996 Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]<br />
|[[1996 Alabama State|Alabama State]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[1997 HCASC|1997]]<br />
|[[1997 Alabama State|Alabama State]]<br />
|[[1997 Elizabeth City State|Elizabeth City State]]<br />
|[[1997 North Carolina Central|North Carolina Central]]<br />
|[[1997 Howard|Howard]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 HCASC|1998]]<br />
|[[1998 Florida A&M|Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[1998 Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]<br />
|[[1998 Alabama State|Alabama State]]<br />
|[[1998 Oakwood|Oakwood]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 HCASC|1999]]<br />
|[[1999 Florida A&M|Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[1999 Clark-Atlanta|Clark-Atlanta]]<br />
|[[1999 Jackson State|Jackson State]]<br />
|[[1999 Norfolk State|Norfolk State]]<br />
|Washington, DC<br />
|-<br />
|[[2000 HCASC|2000]]<br />
|[[2000 Clark-Atlanta|Clark-Atlanta]]<br />
|[[2000 Southern|Southern]]<br />
|[[2000 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|[[2000 Norfolk State|Norfolk State]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2001 HCASC|2001]]<br />
|[[2001 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|[[2001 Howard|Howard]]<br />
|[[2001 Tennessee State| Tennessee State]]<br />
|[[2001 Florida A&M| Florida A&M]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2002 HCASC|2002]]<br />
|[[2002 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|[[2002 Howard|Howard]]<br />
|[[2002 Alabama State|Alabama State]]<br />
|[[2002 Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2003 HCASC|2003]]<br />
|[[2003 Florida A&M|Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[2003 South Carolina State|South Carolina State]]<br />
|[[2003 Alabama A&M|Alabama A&M]]<br />
|[[2003 Alcorn State|Alcorn State]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 HCASC|2004]]<br />
|[[2004 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|[[2004 Maryland-Eastern Shore|Maryland-Eastern Shore]]<br />
|[[2004 South Carolina State|South Carolina State (T-3)]]<br />
|[[2004 Clark-Atlanta|Clark-Atlanta (T-3)]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2005 HCASC|2005]]<br />
|[[2005 Florida A&M|Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[2005 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|[[2005 Fayetteville State|Fayetteville State (T-3)]]<br />
|[[2005 Elizabeth City State|Elizabeth City State (T-3)]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2006 HCASC|2006]]<br />
|[[2006 Morehouse|Morehouse]]<br />
|[[2006 North Carolina Central|North Carolina Central]]<br />
|[[2006 Central State|Central State (T-3)]]<br />
|[[2006 Clark-Atlanta|Clark-Atlanta (T-3)]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2007 HCASC|2007]]<br />
|[[2007 Tennessee State|Tennessee State]]<br />
|[[2007 Florida A&M|Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[2007 UDC|UDC]]<br />
|[[2007 Tuskegee|Tuskegee]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2008 HCASC|2008]]<br />
|[[2008 Oakwood|Oakwood]]<br />
|[[2008 Alcorn State|Alcorn State]]<br />
|[[2008 Howard|Howard]]<br />
|[[2008 Southern|Southern]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 HCASC|2009]] <br />
|[[Oakwood]]<br />
|[[North Carolina Central]] <br />
|[[Tuskegee]] <br />
|[[Morehouse]] <br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2010 HCASC|2010]]<br />
|[[Prairie View A&M]] <br />
|[[Mississippi Valley State]]<br />
|[[Fayetteville State]]<br />
|[[North Carolina Central]]<br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2011 HCASC|2011]] <br />
|[[Florida A&M]] <br />
|[[Oakwood]] <br />
|[[Kentucky State]] <br />
|[[Tuskegee]] <br />
|Orlando<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 HCASC|2012]]<br />
|[[Morgan State]] <br />
|[[Oakwood]]<br />
|[[Florida A&M]] <br />
|[[Morehouse]]<br />
|Torrance, CA<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013 HCASC|2013]]<br />
|[[Morgan State]]<br />
|[[Florida A&M]] <br />
|[[Oakwood]] <br />
|[[West Virginia State]]<br />
|Torrance, CA<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 HCASC|2014]]<br />
|[[Fisk]]<br />
|[[Oakwood]]<br />
|[[North Carolina Central]] <br />
|[[Tuskegee]]<br />
|Torrance, CA<br />
|-<br />
|[[2015 HCASC|2015]]<br />
|[[Prairie View]]<br />
|[[Cheyney]]<br />
|[[Alabama State]]<br />
|[[Norfolk State]]<br />
|Torrance, CA<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016 HCASC|2016]]<br />
|[[Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[Chicago State]]<br />
|[[Morehouse]]<br />
|[[North Carolina Central]]<br />
|Torrance, CA<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 HCASC|2017]]<br />
|[[Oakwood]]<br />
|[[Bowie State]]<br />
|[[Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[Tuskegee]]<br />
|Torrance, CA<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 HCASC|2018]]<br />
|[[Jackson State]]<br />
|[[Spelman]]<br />
|[[Oakwood]]<br />
|[[Morehouse]]<br />
|Torrance, CA<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 HCASC|2019]]<br />
|[[Spelman]]<br />
|[[Florida A&M]]<br />
|[[Jackson State]]<br />
|[[Morehouse]]<br />
|Torrance, CA<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021 HCASC|2021]]<br />
| [[North Carolina A&T]]<br />
| [[Florida A&M]]<br />
| [[Morehouse]]<br />
| [[Alabama A&M]]<br />
| Online<br />
|-<br />
|[[2022 HCASC|2022]]<br />
| [[Morehouse]]<br />
| [[Kentucky State]]<br />
| [[Oakwood]]<br />
| [[Tuskegee]]<br />
| Online<br />
|-<br />
|[[2023 HCASC|2023]]<br />
| [[Stillman]]<br />
| [[Tuskegee]]<br />
| [[Oakwood]]<br />
| [[Winston-Salem State]]<br />
| Torrance, CA<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Due to the covid pandemic, the 2020 tournament was cancelled and the 2021 andd 2022 tournament were run online.<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
<br />
*HCASC Sample Questions: http://www.hcasc.com/games/samples.asp<br />
*"Pre-NCT Tournaments": http://www.hcasc.com/tmts/prenct.asp<br />
*National Champions List: http://www.collegequizbowl.org/Maize/maizeresults.html<br />
<br />
[[Category:National championships]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Brains&diff=61301Battle of the Brains2023-06-03T23:34:37Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* Information 1976-2014 (Richmond show) */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Battle of the Brains''' is a a high school televised quizbowl competition in Virginia, currently airing on Saturday mornings on WTVR (CBS 6) in the Richmond area and on WTKR (CBS 3) in Hampton Roads. It was first televised in 1979 for Richmond-area schools.<br />
<br />
Prior to 2005, all participants in the show came from the greater Richmond area, viewed as counties that include or border those intersected by a rough quadrilateral formed by Charlottesville, Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, and Petersburg. The Hampton Roads area ran a separate TV event, [[Tidewater Challenge]], for much of this time. From 2005 to 2009, a second Battle of the Brains tournament was run in the Hampton Roads area, labeled "Southeast Virginia" and open to area schools including some from the far northeast corner of North Carolina, with the winners of the two tournaments meeting in a "Champion's Challenge" similar to the [[It's Academic]] Superbowl.<br />
<br />
Since the 2010 season, there has again been only one tournament including both Richmond and Virginia Beach-area teams as well as some from further afield. There are no formal published guidelines as to what area a school must be from to participate. In practice, the rule seems to be that any team in Virginia that is not part of the DC-area It's Academic show and is willing to make the drive to the WTVR studio in Richmond on tape dates is eligible to enter the pool of interested participants. Teams from Richmond, Hampton Roads, and Charlottesville, as well as several schools from up to 200 miles away, notably [[Cave Spring]], all appear on the show regularly and compete in the same bracket, even if they are outside the broadcast area reached by the show itself. WTVR is available only as a cable station in Charlottesville, which is a separate broadcast market from Richmond with a different over-the-air CBS affiliate, and is not carried at all in Roanoke.<br />
<br />
==Broadcast history==<br />
<br />
[[File:1979ad.jpg|thumb|An ad for the first televised tournament, featuring four Chesterfield County schools in April 1979.]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1980article.jpg|thumb|An article about the first 32-team, all-Richmond tournament, which concluded in June 1980.]]<br />
<br />
[[File:1980final.jpg|thumb|The finals of the 1980 tournament, between [[Douglas Freeman]] and [[Hermitage]].]]<br />
<br />
===Stations & Hosts===<br />
<br />
[[It's Academic]] and [[High School Bowl]] aired intermittently in the Richmond area from the mid-1960s through 1976. In 1976, [[Julian Porter]] created the Battle of the Brains tournament as an intramural tournament for [[Meadowbrook]] High School after previously running one-off quizbowl exhibition games between student and teacher teams at Meadowbrook as an end-of-year activity. In 1977 and 1978 the tournament became an interscholastic event for Chesterfield County schools, and in 1978 the finals match was televised on the local PBS station. In 1979 the tournament expanded to all of Central Virginia and was televised in its entirety. Al Moffitt moderated the original intramural competition. [[Frank Soden]] was the longtime host of the PBS program until his 1994 retirement, being joined for one season by [[Bill King]]. Soden, who was a familiar broadcast voice of minor league baseball and college sports in Richmond dating back to the early 1950s, lent the program an immediate dose of credibility. [[Ken Curtis]] also hosted the show at some point. Garret Chester hosted for one season in 1995. From 1996 to 2002, the show was hosted by [[May-Lily Lee]], a longtime broadcast journalist in Virginia who was perhaps better known as the host of the public affairs program ''Virginia Currents'' and also had a brief [http://www.cybozone.com/fg/lee.html music career]. [[Michelle Gary]] hosted on RICH in 2003, and [[Cheryl Miller]] has hosted since 2004.<br />
<br />
In 1997 the name was changed to "Challenge 23" (because the PBS station was broadcast on UHF channel 23). This name was retained until the show was cancelled by WCVE in 2002 for, according to the WCVE producers, having "no measurable viewership." Julian Porter brought the show first to RICH-TV (a local cable access station) in 2003, and then to the local CBS affiliate in 2004, reclaiming the Battle of the Brains name. Starting in 2004, a second tournament was added for the Virginia Beach/Norfolk/Newport News area, under the name "Southeast Virginia." The winners of the two tournaments play in the "Champions Challenge," which, along with an all-star game where every player competes for himself, was added to the taping schedule as a post-finals event. Cheryl Miller has been the host of the Richmond tournament and the Champions Challenge since the move to WTVR. Stephanie Harris hosted all five seasons of the Hampton Roads version.<br />
<br />
Since 2011, the show has offered a mail-in "brain teaser" each week, in which members of the viewing public can win "a trip to the Outer Banks or Pirates' Cove."<br />
<br />
===Timeslot===<br />
<br />
During the live era, episodes were always transmitted at 8 PM on Thursday evenings. This continued well into the taped period. Since the move off PBS, the show has aired on Saturday mornings, currently at 10 AM.<br />
<br />
==Sponsorship==<br />
<br />
From the first all-televised tournament in 1979 until sometime in the mid-1980s, the show was sponsored by grocery store chain Safeway. From the end of Safeway sponsorship until the end of the PBS era in 2002, the show was sponsored by Richmond-area grocery/religion conglomerate Ukrop's, which awarded $1000 and a cake to the winning team. From its move to CBS until 2010, it was sponsored by the Virginia Lottery (despite all contestants on the show being legally under the minimum age to buy lottery tickets). Since 2010, the show has been sponsored by the Virginia 529 College Savings Plan, which airs the majority of commercials during the broadcast.<br />
<br />
==Questions/Format==<br />
<br />
During some seasons in the 1990s, questions were provided by [[Answers Plus]] after previously sourcing from [[Lloyd Busch]]'s question set originally used in Atlanta-area [[High Q]]. A special [[NAQT]] set was used from the mid-00s through 2008. According to a June 2009 email between Julian Porter and [[Dave Porter]] (no relation!), the 2008-2009 questions came from "several 'professional' question writing companies" and that the show receives "questions from our team of educational consultants." It is believed that the questions are a mix of recycled material from all suppliers who contributed to the first three decades of the show, combined with [[current events]] and [[trash|popular culture]] added by the producers.<br />
<br />
The show has experimented with several different match formats over the years, including a standard [[four quarter]] setup and a modified four quarter with the bonus or category rounds replaced with visual-based clues (such as a "Picture This" round where pyramidal clues were read about an object as a picture of the object was slowly uncovered). In the waning years of Challenge 23, the category round was replaced with a "spelling round," which led to some teams replacing their normal fourth player with a spelling specialist. <br />
<br />
Minor or major changes to the game format occur at the start of nearly every season. For the 2013-2014 season, the format was one phase of tossups, a category round in which each team chooses one category from three available, a second phase of tossups, and a third, final phase of tossups in which all point values are doubled. This format continued with only small changes through the most recent year of buzzer-based competition in 2019-2020. The Zoom tournaments did not use buzzers or similar online tools and modified the game format to ask questions of only one team at a time.<br />
<br />
A feature of the tournament during the Challenge 23 era was its awarding of the single paper set of questions used in each year's competition to the tournament winner. Thus, past champions could view judge's notes, running scores, and other information written on the packets while holding exclusive access to certain practice material.<br />
<br />
Until 1992 every episode of the show was broadcast live; from 1993 to 2002, only the finals were. The show has been entirely taped in advance since 2003. The show tapes on Wednesday or Thursday afternoons during or after school, and does not interfere with weekend quizbowl invitationals. This has been the case since 1979 and has been a boon to the peaceful co-existence of BoB with Virginia quizbowl, proving that such an arrangement is feasible despite the claims of [[It's Academic]] defenders that weekday taping is impossible for some reason.<br />
<br />
The majority of questions, which are not sourced from the NAQT sets, are generally not intended to meet current standards of [[pyramidal]] quizbowl. [[Computational math]] and spelling questions are used and other questions are generally of the "one-line" variety.<br />
<br />
===Tournament Format===<br />
<br />
The format has always been a straight single-elimination bracket. Sometimes, more teams than a straight power of 2 are invited to participate, necessitating an opening play-in round in which most teams have byes.<br />
<br />
Usually, if there is more interest in the tournament than spots available, teams are selected by a written exam held either at the start of the school year in which the season is taped, or at the end of the prior year (with graduating seniors ineligible to participate in their team's score). Other methods have been proposed or used, including at least one year when the field was selected by mass e-mailing the coach contact list and announcing that the first 40 schools to reply to the e-mail would be invited. Suggestions to rotate participation to rarely-represented schools by requiring schools to take a year off from the tournament after winning or after participating a certain number of times have been floated but not actually used. The first written exam was given in 1991; it is unclear how the cutoff for participation was determined in the prior years.<br />
<br />
==== WCVE Format (1980s-2002) ====<br />
<br />
After the tournament size was increased from 32 to 40 schools, the teams were seeded into five eight-team brackets, based on their scores on a pre-season written exam. Teams were arranged into the brackets by working inward from the highest and lowest ends of those scores. The top team went into bracket 1, second into bracket 2, etc., with team 6 going back into bracket 1; from the other side, the 40th team also went into bracket 1, 39th team into bracket 2, etc. This ensured a roughly-even distribution of test scores across the five brackets, while also pitting the highest- and lowest-seeded teams directly against each other in the first rounds, making for spectacular but lopsided scores in many early games.<br />
<br />
The five winners of these single-elimination brackets entered a two-and-a-half round tournament to decide the year's champions. The five teams were seeded according to total score over their three bracket games, regardless of the original rankings from the written test results. The fourth- and fifth-seeded bracket winners played a qualifier game; the winner of this game played against the first seed in the semifinal. The other semifinal game matched the second and third seeds. The winners of these two semifinal games then met in the finals.<br />
<br />
As a consequence of this format, the final results for first, second, and fifth place overall were all clear, while the official scoring for which team finished third or fourth overall was more murky; there was no "bronze-medal game" for the losing teams from the semifinal matches.<br />
<br />
==== WTVR Format (since 2003) ====<br />
<br />
In the WTVR era the show has generally used the 32 or 36 team format with either a straight single-elimination bracket or four play-in games followed by the power-of-2 bracket.<br />
<br />
Since the move to WTVR in 2003-04, an all-star game has been played, in which eight selected players from the season all play a tossup-heavy game, with the highest individual score winning. During the Champion's Challenge era, each market had its own all-star game.<br />
<br />
==Famous incidents==<br />
<br />
In 1988, the championship was won on a sudden-death tiebreaker question, which began "The Netherlands...." and was successfully interrupted by a Meadowbrook player with "euthanasia."<br />
<br />
At some point during the all-live era of the tournament, a scoreboard mounted on top of the set fell onto the players during the game.<br />
<br />
The 2012 semifinal featuring [[Maggie Walker]]'s first loss in seven years was never broadcast, for unknown reasons. Other episodes that are announced in the prior week and show up with results on the bracket are occasionally skipped from airing, presumably due to technical malfunctions at taping.<br />
<br />
The custom buzzer system used for the show in the early 2000s did not have a way to disable the buzzer during periods when players were not supposed to buzz in. During a round where a player failed to understand the rules (a "Picture This" sequence in which the clue had to be completed before buzzing in) a player repeatedly hit the buzzer and yelled "it's a tiger!" every time the judges reset the system.<br />
<br />
This [https://www.facebook.com/cbs6wtvr/posts/447262952425 now-dead link] features a viewer of the show circa 2012 complaining that the name of the Chesapeake Bay Governor's School was misspelled as "Govrenor's School" on the printed card affixed to the team's podium for their episode.<br />
<br />
==Information 1976-2014 (Richmond show)==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year & Show Name<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Host & Station<br />
|- <br />
| 1976 Battle of the Brains<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Not televised<br />
|-<br />
| 1977 Battle of the Brains<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Not televised<br />
|-<br />
| 1978 Battle of the Brains<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Final game televised on PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1979 Battle of the Brains<br />
| The final four consisted of [[1979 Midlothian|Midlothian]] playing [[1979 Meadowbrook|Meadowbrook]] and [[1979 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]] playing [[1979 Clover Hill|Clover Hill]], though information on who won the semifinal and final games has not been recovered.<br />
| <br />
| PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1980 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1980 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[1980 Hermitage|Hermitage]]<br />
| Ken Curtis, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1981 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1981 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1981 Manchester|Manchester]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1982 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1982 Caroline|Caroline]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1983 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1983 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1983 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1984 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1984 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| <br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1985 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1985 Courtland|Courtland]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1986 Stafford|Stafford]]<br />
| [[1986 Monacan|Monacan]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1987 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| [[1987 Mechanicsville|Mechanicsville]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1988 Meadowbrook|Meadowbrook]]<br />
| [[1988 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1989 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1989 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[1989 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1990 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1990 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1991 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1991 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
| [[1991 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1992 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1992 Freeman|Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[1992 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1993 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1993 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| Frank Soden & Bill King, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1994 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1994 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1994 Lafayette|Lafayette]]<br />
| Frank Soden, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1995 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1995 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| <br />
| Garret Chester, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1996 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1996 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| <br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 Battle of the Brains<br />
| [[1997 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1997 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1998 Challenge 23<br />
| [[1998 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[1998 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 1999 Challenge 23<br />
| [[1999 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[1999 Thomas Dale|Thomas Dale]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 2000 Challenge 23<br />
| [[2000 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2000 St. Christopher's|St. Christopher's]]<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 2001 Challenge 23<br />
| [[2001 Collegiate (VA)|Collegiate]]<br />
|<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| 2002 Challenge 23<br />
| [[2002 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
|<br />
| May-Lily Lee, PBS WCVE<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2003 Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot|Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot]]<br />
| [[2003 Mills Godwin|Mills Godwin]]<br />
| Michelle Gary, public access RICH<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2004 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2004 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2005 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2005 James Monroe|James Monroe]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2006 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2006 Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot|Blessed Sacrament-Huguenot]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2007 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2007 Colonial Forge|Colonial Forge]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2008 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2008 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2009 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2009 James Monroe|James Monroe]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2010 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2010 Collegiate|Collegiate]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2011 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2011 Henrico|Henrico]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2012 Charlottesville|Charlottesville]]<br />
| [[2012 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.battleofthebrains.net/tournament-details/2012-2013-weekly-results/ 2013 Battle of the Brains]<br />
| [[2013 Cave Spring|Cave Spring]]<br />
| [[2013 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] <br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [http://www.battleofthebrains.net/tournament-details/2013-2014-weekly-results/ 2014 Battle of the Brains]<br />
| [[2014 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] <br />
| [[2014 New Kent|New Kent]] <br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[New Kent]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[St. Christopher's]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[Jamestown]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| The tournament was ended early due to the covid-19 outbreak.<br />
| The remaining teams when taping was suspended were: Collegiate, Maggie Walker, Steward, St. Christopher's, Douglas Freeman, Menchville, Fort Defiance, and Jamestown.<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[St. Christopher's]]<br />
| [[Fort Defiance]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR (Tournament recorded using a modified game format via Zoom and aired on normal timeslot.)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Douglas Freeman]]<br />
| [[First Colonial]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR (Tournament recorded using a modified game format via Zoom and aired on normal timeslot.)<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[Princess Anne]]<br />
| [[Cave Spring]]<br />
| Cheryl Miller, CBS WTVR<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[File:2014bob.jpg|thumb|500px|Host since 2004 Cheryl Miller and show creator/executive producer Julian Porter present the 2014 trophy.]]<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
*In fall 1990, WCVE also broadcast the final game of the Virginia Tech high school tournament, between Thomas Jefferson and St. Anne's-Belfield.<br />
*During the five years of the Hampton Roads show (2005-2009, inclusive), the winners of the two shows met in the Champions Challenge, which was won by the Richmond winner in all five years.<br />
<br />
==Hampton Roads information (2005-2009)==<br />
<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellspacing="0"<br />
! Year & Show Name<br />
! Champion<br />
! Second<br />
! Host & Station<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 Battle of the Brains|2005 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2005 Kecoughtan|Kecoughtan]]<br />
| [[2005 Hampton Roads Academy|Hampton Roads Academy]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Battle of the Brains|2006 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2006 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2006 Isle of Wight Academy|Isle of Wight Academy]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 Battle of the Brains|2007 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2007 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2007 Granby|Granby]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Battle of the Brains|2008 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2008 Hickory|Hickory]]<br />
| [[2008 Poquoson|Poquoson]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Battle of the Brains|2009 Southeast Virginia Battle of the Brains]]<br />
| [[2009 Ocean Lakes|Ocean Lakes]]<br />
| [[2009 Hickory|Hickory]]<br />
| Stephanie Harris, NBC WAVY<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Brains Battle of the Brains] on Wikipedia<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/user/TheBATTLEOFTHEBRAINS?feature=watch Several recent episodes uploaded directly by the producers]<br />
*[http://battleofthebrains.net/bob.aspx Battle of the Brains history]<br />
*[http://battleofthebrains.net/pastChampions.aspx Champions 1985-present]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OU5mV5KRIVI Clips from a Frank Soden game featuring John Aboud of Modern Humorist and VH1 playing for Douglas Freeman circa 1991]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl TV shows]]<br />
[[Category: High school quizbowl in Virginia]]<br />
[[Category: Original QBWiki Page]]<br />
[[Category: Bad quizbowl]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=St._Anne%27s&diff=61300St. Anne's2023-06-03T22:30:16Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Highschoolteam|Name = St. Anne's-Belfield School<br />
|image = <br />
|citystate = Charlottesville, VA<br />
|currentcoach = <br />
|state = <br />
|nats = <br />
| }}<br />
<br />
'''St. Anne's''', often known as '''STAB''', was a longstanding quizbowl program in Virginia that competed in non-television events from the early 1980s on. In the 1990s, they hosted their own tournament in the fall, and also hosted what may have been the first high school [[trash]] tournament.<br />
<br />
As a private school, St. Anne's was ineligible for participation in [[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]], but they put in high placements at the [[NAQT Virginia Championship]] and the Virginia invitational circuit, particularly in the mid-2000s. Along with another team located on the border of the two events, [[Charlottesville]], St. Anne's was a regular participant in both the Richmond-area [[Battle of the Brains]] TV show and the Charlottesville-Staunton area segment of [[It's Academic]].<br />
<br />
St. Anne's quizbowl program has been defunct since 2013 but will be revived in fall 2023 under the guidance of a program alumnus who is now teaching at the school.<br />
<br />
[[Category:High school teams]]<br />
[[Category:Virginia high school teams]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=National_Scholastic_Championship&diff=60886National Scholastic Championship2023-05-15T17:49:39Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''National Scholastic Championship''',<ref>Prior to 2007, it was unclear whether the "S" in "NSC" stood for "Scholastic" or "Scholastics," and both words were used in various PACE materials. Since 2007 the organization seems to have settled on the singular form as the correct name of the tournament.</ref> or '''NSC''', is a high school national quizbowl tournament run by [[PACE]].<br />
<br />
The tournament began in 1998 and was the first high school national to use [[pyramidal]] tossups (by the standards of the time) and be largely written and run by people versed in the normal practices of collegiate-level quizbowl. From 1998 to 2009, the event used the [[Old PACE format]], which retained the basic concept of "exclusively pyramidal tossup leading to a bonus" gameplay but added many non-ACF variations designed to incorporate elements of regional high school formats. From 2010 through 2019, matches consisted of 20 tossups and 20 three-part bonuses per round, with 20 point powers but no [[neg]]s on tossups; each bonus was worth a total of 30 points, with [[bouncebacks]] on the bonus parts. Bouncebacks were eliminated to faciliate the NSC hosted online in 2021 [https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=382475#p382475], and will be discontinued at the in-person NSC in 2023 [https://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=392814#p392814].<br />
<br />
Archived results, including the roster of all-star students, can be found at http://www.pace-nsc.org/nsc-results. Official records for the NSC can be found at http://www.pace-nsc.org/nsc-statistical-records/. <br />
<br />
==Winners==<br />
<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Champion<br />
! Runner-Up<br />
! Third Place<br />
! Fourth Place<br />
! Location<br />
! Field size<br />
|- <br />
| [[1998 NSC|1998]]<br />
| [[1998 State College|State College]]<br />
| [[1998 Henry Ford II|Henry Ford II]]<br />
| [[1998 Copley|Copley]] & [[1998 Gonzaga|Gonzaga]]<br />
|<br />
| [[Case Western|Cleveland, OH]]<br />
| 29<br />
|- <br />
| [[1999 NSC|1999]]<br />
| [[1999 State College|State College]]†<br />
| [[1999 Rockville|Rockville]]<br />
| [[1999 Detroit Catholic Central|Detroit Catholic Central]] & [[1999 Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]]<br />
|<br />
| [[Penn|Philadelphia, PA]]<br />
| 22<br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 NSC|2000]]<br />
| [[2000 State College|State College]]†<br />
| [[2000 Eisenhower (MI)|Eisenhower]]<br />
| [[2000 Dorman|Dorman]] & [[2000 Riverdale|Riverdale]]<br />
|<br />
| [[Furman|Greenville, SC]]<br />
| 16<br />
|- <br />
| [[2001 NSC|2001]]<br />
| [[2001 State College|State College]]<br />
| [[2001 Georgetown Day|Georgetown Day School]]<br />
| [[2001 Detroit Catholic Central|Detroit Catholic Central]] & [[2001 Detroit Country Day|Detroit Country Day]]<br />
|<br />
| [[Bowling Green|Bowling Green, OH]]<br />
| 22<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 NSC|2002]]<br />
| [[2002 Richard Montgomery|Richard Montgomery]]†<br />
| [[2002 Detroit Catholic Central|Detroit Catholic Central]]<br />
| [[2002 Detroit Country Day|Detroit Country Day]] & [[2002 Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]]<br />
|<br />
| [[George Washington|Washington, DC]]<br />
| 40<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 NSC|2003]]<br />
| [[2003 Dorman|Dorman]]†<br />
| [[2003 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2003 Detroit Catholic Central|Detroit Catholic Central]] & [[2003 Dunbar|Dunbar]]<br />
|<br />
| [[Case Western|Cleveland, OH]]<br />
| 27<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 NSC|2004]]<br />
| [[2004 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2004 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2004 Richard Montgomery|Richard Montgomery]] & [[2004 St. John's (TX)|St. John's]]<br />
|<br />
| [[Maryland|College Park, MD]]<br />
| 40<br />
|-<br />
| [[2005 NSC|2005]]<br />
| [[2005 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson A]]†<br />
| [[2005 State College|State College]]<br />
| [[2005 Mission San Jose|Mission San Jose]] & [[2005 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson B]]<br />
|<br />
| [[Valencia|Orlando, FL]]<br />
| 31<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 NSC|2006]]<br />
| [[2006 Raleigh Charter|Raleigh Charter]]<br />
| [[2006 Richard Montgomery|Richard Montgomery]]<br />
| [[2006 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]] & [[2006 State College|State College]]<br />
|<br />
| [[NCSMS|Durham, NC]]<br />
| 29<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 NSC|2007]]<br />
| [[2007 Maggie Walker|Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[2007 MLK|Martin Luther King]]<br />
| [[2007 Dorman|Dorman]] & [[2007 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
|<br />
| [[Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI]]<br />
| 36<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 NSC|2008]]<br />
| [[2008 Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]]†<br />
| [[2008 Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| [[2008 Dorman|Dorman]] & [[2008 Wilmington Charter|Wilmington Charter]]<br />
|<br />
| [[George Mason|Fairfax, VA]]<br />
| 48<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 NSC|2009]]<br />
| [[Wilmington Charter]]<br />
| [[State College]]<br />
| [[Georgetown Day School]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[George Mason|Fairfax, VA]]<br />
| 64<br />
|-<br />
| [[2010 NSC|2010]]<br />
| [[State College]]†<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[LASA]]<br />
| [[St. Anselm's]]<br />
| [[George Mason|Fairfax, VA]]<br />
| 64<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 NSC|2011]]<br />
| [[State College]]<br />
| [[Hunter]]<br />
| [[LASA]]<br />
| [[Stevenson]]<br />
| [[Northwestern University|Evanston, IL]]<br />
| 60<br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 NSC|2012]]<br />
| [[Hunter|Hunter A]]<br />
| [[Bellarmine]]<br />
| [[Centennial]]<br />
| [[IMSA|IMSA A]]<br />
| [[WUSTL|St. Louis, MO]] <br />
| 60<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 NSC|2013]]<br />
| [[Ladue]]<br />
| [[LASA]] A<br />
| [[Loyola]]<br />
| [[Dorman]] A<br />
| [[Maryland|College Park, MD]]<br />
| 72<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 NSC|2014]]<br />
| [[LASA|LASA A]]<br />
| [[Western Albemarle]]<br />
| [[St. John's]]<br />
| [[Ladue]]<br />
| [[Hyatt Regency|Reston, VA]]<br />
| 96<br />
|-<br />
| [[2015 NSC|2015]]<br />
| [[Detroit Catholic Central|DCC A]]<br />
| [[LASA|LASA A]]<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| [[High Tech|High Tech A]]<br />
| [[Hyatt Regency|Reston, VA]]<br />
| 96<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 NSC|2016]]<br />
| [[LASA|LASA A]]<br />
| [[Stevenson|Stevenson A]]<br />
| [[Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson A]]<br />
| [[Hinsdale Central|Hinsdale Central A]]<br />
| [[Hyatt Regency O'Hare|Rosemont, IL]]<br />
| 96<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 NSC|2017]]<br />
| [[Detroit Catholic Central|DCC A]]†<br />
| [[Westview (CA)|Westview]]<br />
| [[Barrington]]<br />
| [[Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson A]]<br />
| [[Hyatt Regency O'Hare|Rosemont, IL]]<br />
| 96<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 NSC|2018]]<br />
| [[Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson A]]<br />
| [[Dublin Scioto]]<br />
| [[Wayzata]]<br />
| [[James E. Taylor]]<br />
| [[Hyatt Regency|Reston, VA]]<br />
| 96<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 NSC|2019]]<br />
| [[Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson A]]<br />
| [[James E. Taylor]]<br />
| [[University of Illinois Lab]]<br />
| [[Montgomery Blair|Montgomery Blair A]]<br />
| [[Hyatt Regency|Reston, VA]]<br />
| 96<br />
|-<br />
| [[2020 NSC|2020]]<br />
|colspan=6| cancelled due to [[COVID-19]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 NSC|2021]]<br />
| [[Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson A]]<br />
| [[Hunter|Hunter A]]<br />
| [[St. Mark's]]<br />
| [[Richard Montgomery|Richard Montgomery A]]<br />
| Online<br />
| 80<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 NSC|2022]]<br />
| [[Lambert]]<br />
| [[Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson A]]<br />
| [[Kinkaid]]<br />
| [[Strake Jesuit]]<br />
| [[Hyatt Regency|Rosemont, IL]]<br />
|72<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<nowiki>†</nowiki> Undefeated<br />
<br />
===Notes===<br />
<br />
*Third and fourth place were not distinguished before 2009; for 1998 to 2008, both teams listed should be considered semifinalists of equal standing and are listed in the table above by purely alphabetical order.<br />
*The 2010 second place spot was originally awarded to [[Southside]] until [[Amit Bilgi]] was found to have cheated. Southside's wins were all forfeited, and all lower finishers were subsequently moved up one spot.<br />
<br />
===Medal count===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Team<br />
! Championships<br />
! Finals Appearances (Top 2)<br />
! Trophies (Top 3)<br />
! Leaderboards (Top 4)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Barrington]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bellarmine]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Centennial]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Copley]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Detroit Catholic Central]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 3<br />
| 6<br />
| 6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Detroit Country Day]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 2<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dorman]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 4<br />
| 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dublin Scioto]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dunbar]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eisenhower]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 2<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Georgetown Day]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 2<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gonzaga]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Henry Ford II]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hinsdale Central]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hunter]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 3<br />
| 3<br />
| 3<br />
|-<br />
| [[IMSA]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[James E. Taylor]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 0<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kinkaid]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 <br />
|-<br />
| [[Ladue]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lambert]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[LASA]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 4<br />
| 5<br />
| 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Loyola]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maggie Walker]]<br />
| 2<br />
| 3<br />
| 5<br />
| 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mission San Jose]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[MLK Magnet|MLK]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Montgomery Blair]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Raleigh Charter]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1 <br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Montgomery]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 2<br />
| 3<br />
| 4<br />
|-<br />
| [[Riverdale]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rockville]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[St. Anselm's]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[State College]]<br />
| 6<br />
| 8<br />
| 9<br />
| 9<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stevenson]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Strake Jesuit]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[St. John's]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 2<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| [[St. Mark's]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thomas Jefferson (VA)|Thomas Jefferson]]<br />
| 4<br />
| 8<br />
| 11<br />
| 12<br />
|-<br />
| [[University of Illinois Lab]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Walt Whitman]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wayzata]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Western Albemarle]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Westview (CA)|Westview]]<br />
| 0<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wilmington Charter]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 1<br />
| 2 <br />
| 2<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{Navbox NSC}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:High school national championships]]<br />
[[Category:High school tournaments]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]<br />
[[Category:PACE]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Quizbowl_History&diff=60667Timeline of Quizbowl History2023-05-10T15:05:42Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>A timeline of quizbowl history, with a focus on the game's development in the United States. For more targeted discussions of the game's history in other countries, see [[quizbowl in Canada]] or [[quizbowl in the United Kingdom]].<br />
__TOC__<br />
<!--<br />
<br />
Hello to any editors of this page. Here is a brief summary of the templates and formatting being employed:<br />
<br />
1. The bulk of the content on this page consists of a table with two columns: one for high school history, and the other for collegiate. When there is an item that pertains to both or an item relating to middle school history, the box spans both columns.<br />
2. The beginning section ("Ancient", "Early History") uses a "Main page box" template, which is the same formatting employed on the main page and several of its maintenance pages. This allows use of a full-width header.<br />
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Feel free to ping me in the discussion page if you have questions -Kevin Wang<br />
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--><br />
{{Main page box|margin=4px|content=<br />
{{Main page header|Ancient}}<br />
'''c. 32 AD'''<br />
:Chapter 70 of Suetonius's ''Life of Tiberius'' describes the emperor peppering expert grammarians with mythological trivia such as "Who was the mother of Hecuba?," "What name did Achilles have among the girls?," and "What were the Sirens accustomed to singing?" In context, this anecdote takes place sometime between the death of Sejanus in 31 AD and Tiberius's own death in 37. While there are many prior examples in ancient literature of riddles and similar, this is the oldest known example of asking difficult factual questions of presumed educated people for the amusement of those involved.<br />
<br />
:Note that, even though Suetonius observed over 1900 years ago that such questions are taking knowledge of mythology "to a silly and laughable extreme" ("usque ad ineptias atque derisum"), at least the first two have come up in quizbowl on multiple occasions.<br />
<br />
{{Main page header|Early History}}<br />
'''1938'''<br />
*''Information Please'' (a panel quiz show) debuts on NBC radio, hosted by Clifton Fadiman. The show will stay on radio until 1951. In the summer of 1952, it will appear on television.<br />
** On the 17 May, 1943 episode, Boris Karloff and Jan Struther became the first on the show to use buzzers, since they were calling in from Hollywood to New York and thus unable to raise their hands to answer.<br />
'''1940'''<br />
*''[[Quiz Kids]]'' debuts on local Chicago radio. The show runs for 13 years, and other versions eventually pop up in New York, Canada, San Antonio, and Los Angeles. One of the early winners in Chicago is young James Watson, future Nobel laureate and co-discoverer of the double helix nature of DNA.<br />
<br />
'''1945'''<br />
* The final season of BBC program ''[[Transatlantic Quiz]]'' is aired on the NBC Blue Radio Network. Hosted by Alastair Cooke, this show involved a panel of Americans competing with a panel of Brits via undersea cable to promote Anglo-American relations during the second World War.<ref name="Valhalla1">[https://www.facebook.com/CollegeBowlValhalla/posts/notes-on-the-origin-of-quiz-bowlweve-had-new-members-and-a-lot-of-new-views-late/1808242562568216/ CollegeBowlValhalla: Notes on the origin of quiz bowl]</ref><br />
}}<br />
<table style="width:100%;border-spacing:4px 0;margin:0;"><br />
{{History table header|Start of High School Quizbowl|Start of College Quizbowl|top=true}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1946|hs=*''[[Campus Quiz]]'' debuts on WFIL Philadelphia radio. Also created by Butterworth, it is the first known interscholastic high school team-based quiz competition and involved high schools from in and around Philadelphia. It was hosted by Tom Moorehead and only seems to have run for one season, during which teams from recreation centers, hospitals, and military bases were brought in during school breaks.<ref name="Valhalla1"/><br />
|college={{Pic|Campusquiz.jpg|Students wait outside a theatre as they prepare to watch ''Campus Quiz''}}<br />
*''[[Intercollegiate Quiz]]'' is created by Wally Butterworth for the Mutual Radio Network and is the first intercollegiate quizbowl competition. Two teams of three from geographically close colleges compete.<ref name="Valhalla1"/><br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1948|hs=* ''[[Top of the Form]]'' for British secondary schools debuts on BBC radio.<br />
* ''[[Scott Hi-Q]]'' (now Delco Hi-Q) begins in the suburbs of Philadelphia.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1950|hs=* [[Bible Bowl]] organizer John P. Reynolds files U.S. patent #2,654,163 for the portable electronic lockout [[buzzer]] system.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1949|college=* An event by the name of ''Campus Quiz'' airs on WERD Atlanta and runs through at least 1950. It is unclear whether that this show, hosted by the nation's first black-owned radio station, is directly related to the show created by Wally Butterworth, who was a virulent racist and member of the KKK.<ref name="Valhalla1"/>}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1953|college=* October 10: ''[[College Bowl]]'' debuts on the NBC radio network. This show will run until 1955 and will introduce the [[tossup-bonus format]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1957|hs=* [[Varsity Quiz Bowl]] for Louisiana high schools begins its run on WYES-TV. It is one of the first non-College Bowl quiz programs in the nation and ends in 1991 after 36 seasons.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1959|college=* Directly inspired by its predecessor, ''G.E. College Bowl'' premiers on television on CBS. It moves to NBC in 1963.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1961|hs=* October 7: ''[[It's Academic]]'', a quiz show for Washington, DC-area high schools, debuts. It is currently the world's longest continuously running quiz show.<br />
* [[Reach for the Top]] begins on CBC affiliate Vancouver CBUT-TV, featuring Vancouver-area teams.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1962|hs=* ''Top of the Form'' is moved from BBC Radio 4 to BBC 1, becoming a television series|college=* ''[[University Challenge]]'' premiers in the UK on ITV as an official spin-off of College Bowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1965|hs=* The first national [[Reach for the Top]] competition is held in Montreal. The event is nationally televised on CBC the following year.|college=* The earliest known [[packet sub]] invitational is held for College Bowl; there may have been another tournament the year prior and potentially more in the decade prior, but there is no concrete evidence of them happening<ref name="Valhalla1"/>}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1968|hs=* ''[[Trans-World Top Team]]'', a cooperation between CBC and BBC featuring Canadian and British teams, runs for its sole season.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1969|hs=* ''[[Varsity Quiz]]'', a televised competition in Clark County, NV sponsored by the local Kiwanis club, begins. It is based on a contest in Anaheim, CA.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1970|college=*June 14: Final televised episode of ''[[College Bowl]]'' airs on NBC.<br />
*Fall: Independent quizbowl circuit founded with the holding of the first [[Southeastern Invitational]] at [[Berry]] College.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1976|hs=*[[Knowledge Bowl]] is created by the San Juan County school board in Durango, Colorado}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|college=The Advent of the NCT}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1977|college=*Fall: [[College Bowl]] recruits writers from the Atlanta-area quizbowl circuit to begin its campus program in affiliation with the Association of College Unions International (ACUI).}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1978|college=*Spring: The first College Bowl [[NCT]] is held. [[Stanford]] defeats [[Yale]] in the finals behind the play of [[Jon Reider]] and [[Ted Gioia (1970s)|Ted Gioia]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1981|hs=* April: first [[National Academic Super Bowl]] is run by the Duval County School District in Florida. The event inspires education secretary [[Terrel Bell]] to create the [[National Academic League]] a few years later.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1983|hs=*Spring: 34 teams travel to Dallas for the [[1983 NAC|inaugural National Academic Championship]], the first school-based high school national. [[Walt Whitman]] defeats [[Upper Arlington]] in the finals match.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1984|hs=*December 4: The first [[KMO]] virtual quiz competition is run by [[Academic Hallmarks]]. The contest continues to run annually until spring of 2013.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1988|hs=*June 12-18: The [[1988 NAC|sixth NAC]] is held in New Orleans, LA. This is the first of seven years in which the NAC is televised under the sponsorship of Texaco.<br />
*June 19-25: ''The Texaco Star National Academic Championship'' airs on The Discovery Channel.<br />
*June: The last Super Bowl and first [[NTAE]] are held}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1989|college=* The [[Honda Campus All-Star Challenge]] (HSASC) is created by [[College Bowl]] to be played by HBCUs and still runs today. From its creation until 1996, the [[College Bowl Company]] controversially banned all teams which participated in the HSASC from playing in any other quizbowl [[tournaments]], including those not operated by their organization.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|college=The Early Modern Era of college quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1990|college=*Spring: first Honda Campus All Star Challenge NCT is held on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Entertainment_Television BET] and hosted by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Holmes Clint Holmes].<br />
*Fall: [[ACF]] is founded by [[Carol Guthrie]], [[Ramesh Kannappan]], and [[John Nam]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1991|college=*Spring: The first [[ACF Regionals]] and [[ACF Nationals]] are held. [[Tennessee]] defeats [[Georgia Tech]] to claim the championship.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1994|bottom=true|hs=*June 11-17: The [[1994 NAC|twelfth NAC]] is held in Houston, TX. The televised rounds are hosted by Mark L. Wahlberg as part of a syndication deal which turned out to be the final season of the televised show.<br />
*Summer: The seventh and final season of ''The Texaco Star National Academic Championship'' airs nationwide on various local PBS and commercial stations.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1996|both=*Spring: [[NAQT]] is founded by [[Patrick Matthews]], [[David Frazee]], and others.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1996|top=true|hs=*Spring: [[PACE]] is founded.|college=*November 22: First NAQT [[SCT]] tournament held.<br />
*The Honda Campus All-Star Challenge stops holding its National Championship games on BET and instead moves towards hosting a National Championship Tournament akin to College Bowl's. This is also the first year that participants in HCASC are allowed to play "licensed tournaments" other than HCASC - however, in order for an event to be considered "licensed", it had to sign a statement acknowledging that the College Bowl Company had a trademark on intercollegiate academic competition<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1997|hs=*Fall: The first [[NAQT]] high school tournaments are hosted.|college=*January 24-25: The first NAQT [[ICT]] is held at Penn. [[Chicago]] defeats [[Harvard]] in the final by powering the last tossup of an overtime tiebreaker.<br />
*April 20: [[Virginia]] defeats [[Harvard]] in a controversial College Bowl [[NCT]] final. Incidents during the game itself as well as the revocation of the promised winners' prize afterwards spur Virginia to immediately announce that it will not be participating in [[College Bowl]] in the future.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|The Early Modern Era of high school quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1998|hs=*June 19-20: The first [[PACE]] [[NSC]] is held at Case Western. [[State College]] defeats [[Henry Ford II]] to claim the first high school quizbowl national title of the "[[modern era of high school quizbowl|modern era]]."<br />
*[[NAQT]] planned to host the first [[HSNCT]] this year, but it was canceled due to lack of interest.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1999|bottom=true|hs=*June 5-6: First [[HSNCT]] held at the University of Oklahoma, ending with [[Detroit Catholic Central]] defeating [[Walton]] for the title.|college=*April 24: [[Chicago]] wins ACF Nationals, completing the first [[Triple Crown]] season in history and finishing with an 88-0 record for their regular A team in non-College Bowl formats.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2000|both=*June: [[hsquizbowl.org]] founded.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2001|top=true|college=*November 3: The first [[ACF Fall]] held. It is now the most widely played college set of the year.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2005|hs=*June 12: [[Thomas Jefferson]] defeats [[State College]] in the PACE NSC final, completing what is still the only double-undefeated performance at HSNCT and NSC and an undefeated year in [[pyramidal]] formats.<br />
*Fall 2005: High school quizbowl starts in [[Quizbowl in Canada|Canada]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2006|hs=*May 22: The [[American Scholastic Competition Network]] [[Tournament of Champions]] is cancelled at the last second, abruptly ending an annual national tournament that had existed since 1987.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2008|hs=*June 14: [[HSAPQ]] is founded.<br />
*September 27: The first HSAPQ tournament is hosted at [[North Carolina]].|college=*April 29: The last [[NCT]] is held; [[Rochester]] wins.<br />
*June 3: [[College Bowl Company]] announces suspension of [[College Bowl]] operations; the [[HCASC]] continues nonetheless.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|college=The Modern Era of college quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2009|hs=*June: The last [[Panasonic]] NTAE is held without Panasonic's financial backing; the tournament collapses soon after.|college=*April 26: [[Chicago]] defeats [[Brown]] in the finals of [[2009 ACF Nationals|ACF Nationals]] following Brown's victory over Stanford in a play-in game, unifying the [[ICT]] and [[ACF Nationals|Nationals]] championships.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|hs=The Modern Era of high school quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2010|bottom=true|hs=*June 5-6: The [[2010 NSC]] is held. This is the first NSC that uses [[20/20]] format rather than the [[Old NSC format|three-quarter format]].<br />
*June 12-13: The inaugural [[NASAT]] is hosted at [[Vanderbilt]].<br />
*[[National History Bee and Bowl]] is founded by [[David Madden]] and others}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2011|ms=*May 7-8: The first [[MSNCT]] is held at Hyatt Regency O'Hare near Chicago.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2013|top=true|college=*March 20: NAQT announces that a website security review has found evidence of [[Andy Watkins]] accessing question material prior to three ICTs in which he participated. Four Harvard titles are revoked and Watkins is suspended from NAQT membership, resigning soon after.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2014|bottom=true|hs=*May 3-4: First [[SSNCT]] held at the Hilton Minneapolis/St. Paul Airport Mall of America<br />
*May 31-June 1: [[LASA]] defeats [[St. John's]] to win the 2014 [[HSNCT]]. At 272 teams, it is by far the largest quizbowl tournament ever held to that point. <br />
*June 14-17: [[NTAE]] is revived after a four-year hiatus. It would last two years before not being held in 2016.|college=*April 12: [[Virginia]] wins [[2014 ACF Nationals|ACF Nationals]] outright. With their win against [[Yale]] at [[ICT]], they win both major collegiate championships, the first time the titles are unified since 2009.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2016|ms=*May 7-8: [[Middlesex Middle|Middlesex]] defeats [[Longfellow]] on the last tossup to win the [[2016 MSNCT]]. With 160 teams, it is the largest middle school quizbowl tournament ever held. }}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2017|top=true|hs=*May 26-28: The [[2017 HSNCT]] takes place in Atlanta, GA, with [[Hunter]] College High School defeating [[Detroit Catholic Central]] in the final. 304 teams take part as the HSNCT breaks its own record for the largest single-site quizbowl tournament ever.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2018|hs=*May 25–27: The [[2018 HSNCT]] breaks the [[2017 HSNCT|previous]] [[HSNCT]]'s record as the largest single-site quiz bowl tournament ever, with 352 teams. The record has yet to be broken.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2019|bottom=true|hs=*June 8-9: [[TJHSST]] wins against [[James E. Taylor]] at that year's [[PACE NSC]] to become the second school to win two NSCs back-to-back. The only other school to achieve this feat was [[State College]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2020|both=*March-May: The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] prompts the cancellation of almost all in-person quizbowl events across the country, including the [[NAQT]] and [[PACE]] National Championships for 2020. The [[2020 CCCT|2020 NAQT Community College Championship Tournament]] (February 28–29) is the only national championship held in person in 2020.<br />
*Summer-Fall: The quizbowl circuit shifts online with [[online quizbowl]] becoming the primary medium of practice and competition. <br />
*November 8: Alex Trebek, host of the gameshow [[Jeopardy!]], passes away at the age of 80 after a long fight with pancreatic cancer. Alex's hosting of Jeopardy! has been cited as many players' motivation for joining quizbowl.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2021|top=true|bottom=true|college=*August 7-8: The [[2021 ACF Nationals]] is held in-person, the first national tournament to not be held online since the [[CCCT|2020 CCCT]] a year and a half prior.}}<br />
<br />
</table><!--<br />
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{{History table row|}}<br />
empty row template for copy-pasting<br />
<br />
--><br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Quizbowl history]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Quizbowl_History&diff=60666Timeline of Quizbowl History2023-05-10T15:04:50Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>A timeline of quizbowl history, with a focus on the game's development in the United States. For more targeted discussions of the game's history in other countries, see [[quizbowl in Canada]] or [[quizbowl in the United Kingdom]].<br />
__TOC__<br />
<!--<br />
<br />
Hello to any editors of this page. Here is a brief summary of the templates and formatting being employed:<br />
<br />
1. The bulk of the content on this page consists of a table with two columns: one for high school history, and the other for collegiate. When there is an item that pertains to both or an item relating to middle school history, the box spans both columns.<br />
2. The beginning section ("Ancient", "Early History") uses a "Main page box" template, which is the same formatting employed on the main page and several of its maintenance pages. This allows use of a full-width header.<br />
3. The remainder of the page uses the "History table header" and "History table row" templates. The contents of these templates are formatted to look like table rows, so they should only be used within the <table></table> tags that wrap the that entire section.<br />
4. Both the header and row templates can take an argument of name "hs" and one of name "college", which place comments into one of the two columns. A single template can have both.<br />
5. The row templates also have arguments of name "both" and "ms", which span both columns and apply a color scheme.<br />
6. The row templates are intended to represent events in a specific year.<br />
7. The row templates should come in chronological order whenever possible - the current suggestion is to have the "both" rows come before "hs/college" rows, which should come before "ms" rows.<br />
<br />
Note to future CSS editors: the margin here is 4px all around instead of just 4px on top because the bottom portion of the page is a table and there is spacing on the tbody that cannot be squashed in MediaWiki sites.<br />
<br />
Feel free to ping me in the discussion page if you have questions -Kevin Wang<br />
<br />
--><br />
{{Main page box|margin=4px|content=<br />
{{Main page header|Ancient}}<br />
'''c. 32 AD'''<br />
:Chapter 70 of Suetonius's ''Life of Tiberius'' describes the emperor peppering expert grammarians with mythological trivia such as "Who was the mother of Hecuba?," "What name did Achilles have among the girls?," and "What were the Sirens accustomed to singing?" In context, this anecdote takes place sometime between the death of Sejanus in 31 AD and Tiberius's own death in 37. While there are many prior examples in ancient literature of riddles and similar, this is the oldest known example of asking difficult factual questions of presumed educated people for the amusement of those involved.<br />
<br />
:Note that, even though Suetonius observed over 1900 years ago that such questions are taking knowledge of mythology "to a silly and laughable extreme" ("usque ad ineptias atque derisum"), at least the first two have come up in quizbowl on multiple occasions.<br />
<br />
{{Main page header|Early History}}<br />
'''1938'''<br />
*''Information Please'' (a panel quiz show) debuts on NBC radio, hosted by Clifton Fadiman. The show will stay on radio until 1951. In the summer of 1952, it will appear on television.<br />
** On the 17 May, 1943 episode, Boris Karloff and Jan Struther became the first on the show to use buzzers, since they were calling in from Hollywood to New York and thus unable to raise their hands to answer.<br />
'''1940'''<br />
*''[[Quiz Kids]]'' debuts on local Chicago radio. The show runs for 13 years, and other versions eventually pop up in New York, Canada, San Antonio, and Los Angeles. One of the early winners in Chicago is young James Watson, future Nobel laureate and co-discoverer of the double helix nature of DNA.<br />
<br />
'''1945'''<br />
* The final season of BBC program ''[[Transatlantic Quiz]]'' is aired on the NBC Blue Radio Network. Hosted by Alastair Cooke, this show involved a panel of Americans competing with a panel of Brits via undersea cable to promote Anglo-American relations during the second World War.<ref name="Valhalla1">[https://www.facebook.com/CollegeBowlValhalla/posts/notes-on-the-origin-of-quiz-bowlweve-had-new-members-and-a-lot-of-new-views-late/1808242562568216/ CollegeBowlValhalla: Notes on the origin of quiz bowl]</ref><br />
}}<br />
<table style="width:100%;border-spacing:4px 0;margin:0;"><br />
{{History table header|Start of High School Quizbowl|Start of College Quizbowl|top=true}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1946|hs=*''[[Campus Quiz]]'' debuts on WFIL Philadelphia radio. Also created by Butterworth, it is the first known interscholastic high school team-based quiz competition and involved high schools from in and around Philadelphia. It was hosted by Tom Moorehead and only seems to have run for one season, during which teams from recreation centers, hospitals, and military bases were brought in during school breaks.<ref name="Valhalla1"/><br />
|college={{Pic|Campusquiz.jpg|Students wait outside a theatre as they prepare to watch ''Campus Quiz''}}<br />
*''[[Intercollegiate Quiz]]'' is created by Wally Butterworth for the Mutual Radio Network and is the first intercollegiate quizbowl competition. Two teams of three from geographically close colleges compete.<ref name="Valhalla1"/><br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1948|hs=* ''[[Top of the Form]]'' for British secondary schools debuts on BBC radio.<br />
* ''[[Scott Hi-Q]]'' (now Delco Hi-Q) begins in the suburbs of Philadelphia.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1950|hs=* [[Bible Bowl]] organizer John P. Reynolds files U.S. patent #2,654,163 for the portable electronic lockout [[buzzer]] system.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1949|college=* An event by the name of ''Campus Quiz'' airs on WERD Atlanta and runs through at least 1950. It is unclear whether that this show, hosted by the nation's first black-owned radio station, is directly related to the show created by Wally Butterworth, who was a virulent racist and member of the KKK.<ref name="Valhalla1"/>}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1953|college=* October 10: ''[[College Bowl]]'' debuts on the NBC radio network. This show will run until 1955 and will introduce the [[tossup-bonus format]].<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1957|hs=* [[Varsity Quiz Bowl]] for Louisiana high schools begins its run on WYES-TV. It is one of the first non-College Bowl quiz programs in the nation and ends in 1991 after 36 seasons.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1959|college=* Directly inspired by its predecessor, ''G.E. College Bowl'' premiers on television on CBS. It moves to NBC in 1963.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1961|hs=* October 7: ''[[It's Academic]]'', a quiz show for Washington, DC-area high schools, debuts. It is currently the world's longest continuously running quiz show.<br />
* [[Reach for the Top]] begins on CBC affiliate Vancouver CBUT-TV, featuring Vancouver-area teams.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1962|hs=* ''Top of the Form'' is moved from BBC Radio 4 to BBC 1, becoming a television series|college=* ''[[University Challenge]]'' premiers in the UK on ITV as an official spin-off of College Bowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1965|hs=* The first national [[Reach for the Top]] competition is held in Montreal. The event is nationally televised on CBC the following year.|college=* The earliest known [[packet sub]] invitational is held for College Bowl; there may have been another tournament the year prior and potentially more in the decade prior, but there is no concrete evidence of them happening<ref name="Valhalla1"/>}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1968|hs=* ''[[Trans-World Top Team]]'', a cooperation between CBC and BBC featuring Canadian and British teams, runs for its sole season.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1969|hs=* ''[[Varsity Quiz]]'', a televised competition in Clark County, NV sponsored by the local Kiwanis club, begins. It is based on a contest in Anaheim, CA.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1970|college=*June 14: Final televised episode of ''[[College Bowl]]'' airs on NBC.<br />
*Fall: Independent quizbowl circuit founded with the holding of the first [[Southeastern Invitational]] at [[Berry]] College.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1976|hs=*[[Knowledge Bowl]] is created by the San Juan County school board in Durango, Colorado}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|college=The Advent of the NCT}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1977|college=*Fall: [[College Bowl]] recruits writers from the Atlanta-area quizbowl circuit to begin its campus program in affiliation with the Association of College Unions International (ACUI).}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1978|college=*Spring: The first College Bowl [[NCT]] is held. [[Stanford]] defeats [[Yale]] in the finals behind the play of [[Jon Reider]] and [[Ted Gioia (1970s)|Ted Gioia]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1981|hs=* April: first [[National Academic Super Bowl]] is run by the Duval County School District in Florida. The event inspires education secretary [[Terrel Bell]] to create the [[National Academic League]] a few years later.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1983|hs=*Spring: 34 teams travel to Dallas for the [[1983 NAC|inaugural National Academic Championship]], the first school-based high school national. [[Walt Whitman]] defeats [[Upper Arlington]] in the finals match.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1984|hs=*December 4: The first [[KMO]] virtual quiz competition is run by [[Academic Hallmarks]]. The contest continues to run annually until spring of 2013.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1988|hs=*June 12-18: The [[1988 NAC|sixth NAC]] is held in New Orleans, LA. This is the first of seven years in which the NAC is televised under the sponsorship of Texaco.<br />
*June 19-25: ''The Texaco Star National Academic Championship'' airs on The Discovery Channel.<br />
*June: The last Super Bowl and first [[NTAE]] are held}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1989|college=* The [[Honda Campus All-Star Challenge]] (HSASC) is created by [[College Bowl]] to be played by HBCUs and still runs today. From its creation until 1996, the [[College Bowl Company]] controversially banned all teams which participated in the HSASC from playing in any other quizbowl [[tournaments]], including those not operated by their organization.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|college=The Early Modern Era of college quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1990|college=*Spring: first Honda Campus All Star Challenge NCT is held on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Entertainment_Television BET] and hosted by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Holmes Clint Holmes].<br />
*Fall: [[ACF]] is founded by [[Carol Guthrie]], [[Ramesh Kannappan]], and [[John Nam]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1991|college=*Spring: The first [[ACF Regionals]] and [[ACF Nationals]] are held. [[Tennessee]] defeats [[Georgia Tech]] to claim the championship.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1994|bottom=true|hs=*June 11-17: The [[1994 NAC|twelfth NAC]] is held in Houston, TX. The televised rounds are hosted by Mark L. Wahlberg as part of a syndication deal which turned out to be the final season of the televised show.<br />
*Summer: The seventh and final season of ''The Texaco Star National Academic Championship'' airs nationwide on various local PBS and commercial stations.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1996|both=*Spring: [[NAQT]] is founded by [[Patrick Matthews]], [[David Frazee]], and others.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1996|top=true|hs=*Spring: [[PACE]] is founded.|college=*November 22: First NAQT [[SCT]] tournament held.<br />
*The Honda Campus All-Star Challenge stops holding its National Championship games on BET and instead moves towards hosting a National Championship Tournament akin to College Bowl's. This is also the first year that participants in HCASC are allowed to play "licensed tournaments" other than HCASC - however, in order for an event to be considered "licensed", it had to sign a statement acknowledging that the College Bowl Company had a trademark on intercollegiate academic competition<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1997|hs=*Fall: The first [[NAQT]] high school tournaments are hosted.|college=*January 24-25: The first NAQT [[ICT]] is held at Penn. [[Chicago]] defeats [[Harvard]] in the final by powering the last tossup of an overtime tiebreaker.<br />
*April 20: [[Virginia]] defeats [[Harvard]] in a controversial College Bowl [[NCT]] final. Incidents during the game itself as well as the revocation of the promised winners' prize afterwards spur Virginia to immediately announce that it will not be participating in [[College Bowl]] in the future.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|The Early Modern Era of high school quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1998|hs=*June 19-20: The first [[PACE]] [[NSC]] is held at Case Western. [[State College]] defeats [[Henry Ford II]] to claim the first high school quizbowl national title of the "[[modern era of high school quizbowl|modern era]]."<br />
*[[NAQT]] planned to host the first [[HSNCT]] this year, but it was canceled due to lack of interest.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1999|bottom=true|hs=*June 5-6: First [[HSNCT]] held at the University of Oklahoma, ending with [[Detroit Catholic Central]] defeating [[Walton]] for the title.|college=*April 24: [[Chicago]] wins ACF Nationals, completing the first [[Triple Crown]] season in history and finishing with an 88-0 record for their regular A team in non-College Bowl formats.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2000|both=*June: [[hsquizbowl.org]] founded.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2001|top=true|college=*November 3: The first [[ACF Fall]] held. It is now the most widely played college set of the year.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2005|hs=*June 12: [[Thomas Jefferson]] defeats [[State College]] in the PACE NSC final, completing what is still the only double-undefeated performance at HSNCT and NSC and an undefeated year in [[pyramidal]] formats.<br />
*Fall 2005: High school quizbowl starts in [[Quizbowl in Canada|Canada]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2006|hs=*May 22: The [[American Scholastic Competition Network]] [[Tournament of Champions]] is cancelled at the last second, abruptly ending an annual national tournament that had existed since 1987.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2008|hs=*June 14: [[HSAPQ]] is founded.<br />
*September 27: The first HSAPQ tournament is hosted at [[North Carolina]].|college=*April 29: The last [[NCT]] is held; [[Rochester]] wins.<br />
*June 3: [[College Bowl Company]] announces suspension of [[College Bowl]] operations; the [[HCASC]] continues nonetheless.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|college=The Modern Era of college quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2009|hs=*June: The last [[Panasonic]] NTAE is held without Panasonic's financial backing; the tournament collapses soon after.|college=*April 26: [[Chicago]] defeats [[Brown]] in the finals of [[2009 ACF Nationals|ACF Nationals]] following Brown's victory over Stanford in a play-in game, unifying the [[ICT]] and [[ACF Nationals|Nationals]] championships.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|hs=The Modern Era of high school quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2010|bottom=true|hs=*June 5-6: The [[2010 NSC]] is held. This is the first NSC that uses [[20/20]] format rather than the [[Old NSC format|three-quarter format]].<br />
*June 12-13: The inaugural [[NASAT]] is hosted at [[Vanderbilt]].<br />
*[[National History Bee and Bowl]] is founded by [[David Madden]] and others}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2011|ms=*May 7-8: The first [[MSNCT]] is held at Hyatt Regency O'Hare near Chicago.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2013|top=true|college=*March 20: NAQT announces that a website security review has found evidence of [[Andy Watkins]] accessing question material prior to three ICTs in which he participated. Four Harvard titles are revoked and Watkins is suspended from NAQT membership, resigning soon after.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2014|bottom=true|hs=*May 3-4: First [[SSNCT]] held at the Hilton Minneapolis/St. Paul Airport Mall of America<br />
*May 31-June 1: [[LASA]] defeats [[St. John's]] to win the 2014 [[HSNCT]]. At 272 teams, it is by far the largest quizbowl tournament ever held to that point. <br />
*June 14-17: [[NTAE]] is revived after a four-year hiatus. It would last two years before not being held in 2016.|college=*April 12: [[Virginia]] wins [[2014 ACF Nationals|ACF Nationals]] outright. With their win against [[Yale]] at [[ICT]], they win both major collegiate championships, the first time the titles are unified since 2009.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2016|ms=*May 7-8: [[Middlesex Middle|Middlesex]] defeats [[Longfellow]] on the last tossup to win the [[2016 MSNCT]]. With 160 teams, it is the largest middle school quizbowl tournament ever held. }}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2017|top=true|hs=*May 26-28: The [[2017 HSNCT]] takes place in Atlanta, GA, with [[Hunter]] College High School defeating [[Detroit Catholic Central]] in the final. 304 teams take part as the HSNCT breaks its own record for the largest single-site quizbowl tournament ever.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2018|hs=*May 25–27: The [[2018 HSNCT]] breaks the [[2017 HSNCT|previous]] [[HSNCT]]'s record as the largest single-site quiz bowl tournament ever, with 352 teams. The record has yet to be broken.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2019|bottom=true|hs=*June 8-9: [[TJHSST]] wins against [[James E. Taylor]] at that year's [[PACE NSC]] to become the second school to win two NSCs back-to-back. The only other school to achieve this feat was [[State College]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2020|both=*March-May: The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] prompts the cancellation of almost all in-person quizbowl events across the country, including the [[NAQT]] and [[PACE]] National Championships for 2020. The [[2020 CCCT|2020 NAQT Community College Championship Tournament]] (February 28–29) is the only national championship held in person in 2020.<br />
*Summer-Fall: The quizbowl circuit shifts online with [[online quizbowl]] becoming the primary medium of practice and competition. <br />
*November 8: Alex Trebek, host of the gameshow [[Jeopardy!]], passes away at the age of 80 after a long fight with pancreatic cancer. Alex's hosting of Jeopardy! has been cited as many players' motivation for joining quizbowl.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2021|top=true|bottom=true|college=*August 7-8: The [[2021 ACF Nationals]] is held in-person, the first national tournament to not be held online since the [[CCCT|2020 CCCT]] a year and a half prior.}}<br />
<br />
</table><!--<br />
<br />
{{History table row|}}<br />
empty row template for copy-pasting<br />
<br />
--><br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Quizbowl history]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Quizbowl_History&diff=60665Timeline of Quizbowl History2023-05-10T15:02:29Z<p>Matt Weiner: </p>
<hr />
<div>A timeline of quizbowl history, with a focus on the game's development in the United States. For more targeted discussions of the game's history in other countries, see [[quizbowl in Canada]] or [[quizbowl in the United Kingdom]].<br />
__TOC__<br />
<!--<br />
<br />
Hello to any editors of this page. Here is a brief summary of the templates and formatting being employed:<br />
<br />
1. The bulk of the content on this page consists of a table with two columns: one for high school history, and the other for collegiate. When there is an item that pertains to both or an item relating to middle school history, the box spans both columns.<br />
2. The beginning section ("Ancient", "Early History") uses a "Main page box" template, which is the same formatting employed on the main page and several of its maintenance pages. This allows use of a full-width header.<br />
3. The remainder of the page uses the "History table header" and "History table row" templates. The contents of these templates are formatted to look like table rows, so they should only be used within the <table></table> tags that wrap the that entire section.<br />
4. Both the header and row templates can take an argument of name "hs" and one of name "college", which place comments into one of the two columns. A single template can have both.<br />
5. The row templates also have arguments of name "both" and "ms", which span both columns and apply a color scheme.<br />
6. The row templates are intended to represent events in a specific year.<br />
7. The row templates should come in chronological order whenever possible - the current suggestion is to have the "both" rows come before "hs/college" rows, which should come before "ms" rows.<br />
<br />
Note to future CSS editors: the margin here is 4px all around instead of just 4px on top because the bottom portion of the page is a table and there is spacing on the tbody that cannot be squashed in MediaWiki sites.<br />
<br />
Feel free to ping me in the discussion page if you have questions -Kevin Wang<br />
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--><br />
{{Main page box|margin=4px|content=<br />
{{Main page header|Ancient}}<br />
'''c. 32 AD'''<br />
:Chapter 70 of Suetonius's ''Life of Tiberius'' describes the emperor peppering expert grammarians with mythological trivia such as "Who was the mother of Hecuba?," "What name did Achilles have among the girls?," and "What were the Sirens accustomed to singing?" In context, this anecdote takes place sometime between the death of Sejanus in 31 AD and Tiberius's own death in 37. While there are many prior examples in ancient literature of riddles and similar, this is the oldest known example of asking difficult factual questions of presumed educated people for the amusement of those involved.<br />
<br />
:Note that, even though Suetonius observed over 1900 years ago that such questions are taking knowledge of mythology "to a silly and laughable extreme" ("usque ad ineptias atque derisum"), at least the first two have come up in quizbowl on multiple occasions.<br />
<br />
{{Main page header|Early History}}<br />
'''1938'''<br />
*''Information Please'' (a panel quiz show) debuts on NBC radio, hosted by Clifton Fadiman. The show will stay on radio until 1951. In the summer of 1952, it will appear on television.<br />
** On the 17 May, 1943 episode, Boris Karloff and Jan Struther became the first on the show to use buzzers, since they were calling in from Hollywood to New York and thus unable to raise their hands to answer.<br />
'''1940'''<br />
*''[[Quiz Kids]]'' debuts on local Chicago radio. The show runs for 13 years, and other versions eventually pop up in New York, Canada, San Antonio, and Los Angeles. One of the early winners in Chicago is young James Watson, future Nobel laureate and co-discoverer of the double helix nature of DNA.<br />
<br />
'''1945'''<br />
* The final season of BBC program ''[[Transatlantic Quiz]]'' is aired on the NBC Blue Radio Network. Hosted by Alastair Cooke, this show involved a panel of Americans competing with a panel of Brits via undersea cable to promote Anglo-American relations during the second World War.<ref name="Valhalla1">[https://www.facebook.com/CollegeBowlValhalla/posts/notes-on-the-origin-of-quiz-bowlweve-had-new-members-and-a-lot-of-new-views-late/1808242562568216/ CollegeBowlValhalla: Notes on the origin of quiz bowl]</ref><br />
}}<br />
<table style="width:100%;border-spacing:4px 0;margin:0;"><br />
{{History table header|Start of High School Quizbowl|Start of College Quizbowl|top=true}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1946|hs=*''[[Campus Quiz]]'' debuts on WFIL Philadelphia radio. Also created by Butterworth, it is the first known interscholastic high school team-based quiz competition and involved high schools from in and around Philadelphia. It was hosted by Tom Moorehead and only seems to have run for one season, during which teams from recreation centers, hospitals, and military bases were brought in during school breaks.<ref name="Valhalla1"/><br />
|college={{Pic|Campusquiz.jpg|Students wait outside a theatre as they prepare to watch ''Campus Quiz''}}<br />
*''[[Intercollegiate Quiz]]'' is created by Wally Butterworth for the Mutual Radio Network and is the first intercollegiate quizbowl competition. Two teams of three from geographically close colleges compete.<ref name="Valhalla1"/><br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1948|hs=* ''[[Top of the Form]]'' for British secondary schools debuts on BBC radio.<br />
* ''[[Scott Hi-Q]]'' (now Delco Hi-Q) begins in the suburbs of Philadelphia.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1949|college=* An event by the name of ''Campus Quiz'' airs on WERD Atlanta and runs through at least 1950. It is unclear whether that this show, hosted by the nation's first black-owned radio station, is directly related to the show created by Wally Butterworth, who was a virulent racist and member of the KKK.<ref name="Valhalla1"/>}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1953|college=* October 10: ''[[College Bowl]]'' debuts on the NBC radio network. This show will run until 1955 and will introduce the [[tossup-bonus format]].<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1957|hs=* [[Varsity Quiz Bowl]] for Louisiana high schools begins its run on WYES-TV. It is one of the first non-College Bowl quiz programs in the nation and ends in 1991 after 36 seasons.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1959|college=* Directly inspired by its predecessor, ''G.E. College Bowl'' premiers on television on CBS. It moves to NBC in 1963.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1961|hs=* October 7: ''[[It's Academic]]'', a quiz show for Washington, DC-area high schools, debuts. It is currently the world's longest continuously running quiz show.<br />
* [[Reach for the Top]] begins on CBC affiliate Vancouver CBUT-TV, featuring Vancouver-area teams.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1962|hs=* ''Top of the Form'' is moved from BBC Radio 4 to BBC 1, becoming a television series|college=* ''[[University Challenge]]'' premiers in the UK on ITV as an official spin-off of College Bowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1965|hs=* The first national [[Reach for the Top]] competition is held in Montreal. The event is nationally televised on CBC the following year.|college=* The earliest known [[packet sub]] invitational is held for College Bowl; there may have been another tournament the year prior and potentially more in the decade prior, but there is no concrete evidence of them happening<ref name="Valhalla1"/>}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1968|hs=* ''[[Trans-World Top Team]]'', a cooperation between CBC and BBC featuring Canadian and British teams, runs for its sole season.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1969|hs=* ''[[Varsity Quiz]]'', a televised competition in Clark County, NV sponsored by the local Kiwanis club, begins. It is based on a contest in Anaheim, CA.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1970|college=*June 14: Final televised episode of ''[[College Bowl]]'' airs on NBC.<br />
*Fall: Independent quizbowl circuit founded with the holding of the first [[Southeastern Invitational]] at [[Berry]] College.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1976|hs=*[[Knowledge Bowl]] is created by the San Juan County school board in Durango, Colorado}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|college=The Advent of the NCT}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1977|college=*Fall: [[College Bowl]] recruits writers from the Atlanta-area quizbowl circuit to begin its campus program in affiliation with the Association of College Unions International (ACUI).}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1978|college=*Spring: The first College Bowl [[NCT]] is held. [[Stanford]] defeats [[Yale]] in the finals behind the play of [[Jon Reider]] and [[Ted Gioia (1970s)|Ted Gioia]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1981|hs=* April: first [[National Academic Super Bowl]] is run by the Duval County School District in Florida. The event inspires education secretary [[Terrel Bell]] to create the [[National Academic League]] a few years later.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1983|hs=*Spring: 34 teams travel to Dallas for the [[1983 NAC|inaugural National Academic Championship]], the first school-based high school national. [[Walt Whitman]] defeats [[Upper Arlington]] in the finals match.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1984|hs=*December 4: The first [[KMO]] virtual quiz competition is run by [[Academic Hallmarks]]. The contest continues to run annually until spring of 2013.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1988|hs=*June 12-18: The [[1988 NAC|sixth NAC]] is held in New Orleans, LA. This is the first of seven years in which the NAC is televised under the sponsorship of Texaco.<br />
*June 19-25: ''The Texaco Star National Academic Championship'' airs on The Discovery Channel.<br />
*June: The last Super Bowl and first [[NTAE]] are held}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1989|college=* The [[Honda Campus All-Star Challenge]] (HSASC) is created by [[College Bowl]] to be played by HBCUs and still runs today. From its creation until 1996, the [[College Bowl Company]] controversially banned all teams which participated in the HSASC from playing in any other quizbowl [[tournaments]], including those not operated by their organization.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|college=The Early Modern Era of college quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1990|college=*Spring: first Honda Campus All Star Challenge NCT is held on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Entertainment_Television BET] and hosted by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Holmes Clint Holmes].<br />
*Fall: [[ACF]] is founded by [[Carol Guthrie]], [[Ramesh Kannappan]], and [[John Nam]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1991|college=*Spring: The first [[ACF Regionals]] and [[ACF Nationals]] are held. [[Tennessee]] defeats [[Georgia Tech]] to claim the championship.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1994|bottom=true|hs=*June 11-17: The [[1994 NAC|twelfth NAC]] is held in Houston, TX. The televised rounds are hosted by Mark L. Wahlberg as part of a syndication deal which turned out to be the final season of the televised show.<br />
*Summer: The seventh and final season of ''The Texaco Star National Academic Championship'' airs nationwide on various local PBS and commercial stations.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1996|both=*Spring: [[NAQT]] is founded by [[Patrick Matthews]], [[David Frazee]], and others.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1996|top=true|hs=*Spring: [[PACE]] is founded.|college=*November 22: First NAQT [[SCT]] tournament held.<br />
*The Honda Campus All-Star Challenge stops holding its National Championship games on BET and instead moves towards hosting a National Championship Tournament akin to College Bowl's. This is also the first year that participants in HCASC are allowed to play "licensed tournaments" other than HCASC - however, in order for an event to be considered "licensed", it had to sign a statement acknowledging that the College Bowl Company had a trademark on intercollegiate academic competition<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1997|hs=*Fall: The first [[NAQT]] high school tournaments are hosted.|college=*January 24-25: The first NAQT [[ICT]] is held at Penn. [[Chicago]] defeats [[Harvard]] in the final by powering the last tossup of an overtime tiebreaker.<br />
*April 20: [[Virginia]] defeats [[Harvard]] in a controversial College Bowl [[NCT]] final. Incidents during the game itself as well as the revocation of the promised winners' prize afterwards spur Virginia to immediately announce that it will not be participating in [[College Bowl]] in the future.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|The Early Modern Era of high school quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1998|hs=*June 19-20: The first [[PACE]] [[NSC]] is held at Case Western. [[State College]] defeats [[Henry Ford II]] to claim the first high school quizbowl national title of the "[[modern era of high school quizbowl|modern era]]."<br />
*[[NAQT]] planned to host the first [[HSNCT]] this year, but it was canceled due to lack of interest.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|1999|bottom=true|hs=*June 5-6: First [[HSNCT]] held at the University of Oklahoma, ending with [[Detroit Catholic Central]] defeating [[Walton]] for the title.|college=*April 24: [[Chicago]] wins ACF Nationals, completing the first [[Triple Crown]] season in history and finishing with an 88-0 record for their regular A team in non-College Bowl formats.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2000|both=*June: [[hsquizbowl.org]] founded.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2001|top=true|college=*November 3: The first [[ACF Fall]] held. It is now the most widely played college set of the year.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2005|hs=*June 12: [[Thomas Jefferson]] defeats [[State College]] in the PACE NSC final, completing what is still the only double-undefeated performance at HSNCT and NSC and an undefeated year in [[pyramidal]] formats.<br />
*Fall 2005: High school quizbowl starts in [[Quizbowl in Canada|Canada]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2006|hs=*May 22: The [[American Scholastic Competition Network]] [[Tournament of Champions]] is cancelled at the last second, abruptly ending an annual national tournament that had existed since 1987.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2008|hs=*June 14: [[HSAPQ]] is founded.<br />
*September 27: The first HSAPQ tournament is hosted at [[North Carolina]].|college=*April 29: The last [[NCT]] is held; [[Rochester]] wins.<br />
*June 3: [[College Bowl Company]] announces suspension of [[College Bowl]] operations; the [[HCASC]] continues nonetheless.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|college=The Modern Era of college quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2009|hs=*June: The last [[Panasonic]] NTAE is held without Panasonic's financial backing; the tournament collapses soon after.|college=*April 26: [[Chicago]] defeats [[Brown]] in the finals of [[2009 ACF Nationals|ACF Nationals]] following Brown's victory over Stanford in a play-in game, unifying the [[ICT]] and [[ACF Nationals|Nationals]] championships.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table header|hs=The Modern Era of high school quizbowl}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2010|bottom=true|hs=*June 5-6: The [[2010 NSC]] is held. This is the first NSC that uses [[20/20]] format rather than the [[Old NSC format|three-quarter format]].<br />
*June 12-13: The inaugural [[NASAT]] is hosted at [[Vanderbilt]].<br />
*[[National History Bee and Bowl]] is founded by [[David Madden]] and others}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2011|ms=*May 7-8: The first [[MSNCT]] is held at Hyatt Regency O'Hare near Chicago.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2013|top=true|college=*March 20: NAQT announces that a website security review has found evidence of [[Andy Watkins]] accessing question material prior to three ICTs in which he participated. Four Harvard titles are revoked and Watkins is suspended from NAQT membership, resigning soon after.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2014|bottom=true|hs=*May 3-4: First [[SSNCT]] held at the Hilton Minneapolis/St. Paul Airport Mall of America<br />
*May 31-June 1: [[LASA]] defeats [[St. John's]] to win the 2014 [[HSNCT]]. At 272 teams, it is by far the largest quizbowl tournament ever held to that point. <br />
*June 14-17: [[NTAE]] is revived after a four-year hiatus. It would last two years before not being held in 2016.|college=*April 12: [[Virginia]] wins [[2014 ACF Nationals|ACF Nationals]] outright. With their win against [[Yale]] at [[ICT]], they win both major collegiate championships, the first time the titles are unified since 2009.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2016|ms=*May 7-8: [[Middlesex Middle|Middlesex]] defeats [[Longfellow]] on the last tossup to win the [[2016 MSNCT]]. With 160 teams, it is the largest middle school quizbowl tournament ever held. }}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2017|top=true|hs=*May 26-28: The [[2017 HSNCT]] takes place in Atlanta, GA, with [[Hunter]] College High School defeating [[Detroit Catholic Central]] in the final. 304 teams take part as the HSNCT breaks its own record for the largest single-site quizbowl tournament ever.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2018|hs=*May 25–27: The [[2018 HSNCT]] breaks the [[2017 HSNCT|previous]] [[HSNCT]]'s record as the largest single-site quiz bowl tournament ever, with 352 teams. The record has yet to be broken.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2019|bottom=true|hs=*June 8-9: [[TJHSST]] wins against [[James E. Taylor]] at that year's [[PACE NSC]] to become the second school to win two NSCs back-to-back. The only other school to achieve this feat was [[State College]].}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2020|both=*March-May: The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] prompts the cancellation of almost all in-person quizbowl events across the country, including the [[NAQT]] and [[PACE]] National Championships for 2020. The [[2020 CCCT|2020 NAQT Community College Championship Tournament]] (February 28–29) is the only national championship held in person in 2020.<br />
*Summer-Fall: The quizbowl circuit shifts online with [[online quizbowl]] becoming the primary medium of practice and competition. <br />
*November 8: Alex Trebek, host of the gameshow [[Jeopardy!]], passes away at the age of 80 after a long fight with pancreatic cancer. Alex's hosting of Jeopardy! has been cited as many players' motivation for joining quizbowl.}}<br />
<br />
{{History table row|2021|top=true|bottom=true|college=*August 7-8: The [[2021 ACF Nationals]] is held in-person, the first national tournament to not be held online since the [[CCCT|2020 CCCT]] a year and a half prior.}}<br />
<br />
</table><!--<br />
<br />
{{History table row|}}<br />
empty row template for copy-pasting<br />
<br />
--><br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Quizbowl history]]</div>Matt Weinerhttps://www.qbwiki.com/w/index.php?title=Buzzer&diff=60614Buzzer2023-05-07T05:32:37Z<p>Matt Weiner: /* Model-specific information */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Intro}}<br />
<br />
[[File:JudgeBuzzer.jpeg|thumb|The Judge]]<br />
<br />
'''Buzzer system''', '''buzzer''', and '''lockout system''' are the common names for the device used to indicate which player has signaled their desire to answer a question first. Such systems are necessary for all standard quizbowl games because they make it clear which player was the first to attempt to answer a question.<br />
<br />
While using a buzzer system, players '''buzz''' to answer a question. Other players are prevented from buzzing ("locked out") after one player has buzzed until the system is [[cleared|reset]].<br />
<br />
A buzzer system consists of a control unit that sits near the moderator, which connects to individual buttons or paddles held by each player. When a player buzzes in, the system produces a sound and activates a light indicating which player buzzed. Many more expensive systems have individual lights next to each player, while most lower-priced systems have smaller lights or light only on the control unit.<br />
<br />
Almost all [[tournament]]s require some number of teams to bring buzzers in order to have enough to run the tournament properly; for this reason, [[Tournament director]]s usually offer a discount to teams that bring a buzzer. When too few buzzers are present, teams must play [[slapbowl]], where buzzing is indicated by slapping the desk or saying something like "buzz." This is no longer common in the vast majority of modern quizbowl tournaments.<br />
<br />
Online tournaments typically use an online buzzer system like [[Buzzin.live]], which functions for players in much the same way as an in-person buzzer. It is possible to use USB buzzers attached to players' computers as the activator for online buzzers, though this is not necessary and generally either a mouse or a phone touchscreen is used. While physical buzzers may use pure electronic hardware logic to determine who has buzzed first, online systems used in serious tournament play must account for varying Internet speed/lag through various approaches, in order to actually determine who has buzzed first in real time rather than who has the best connection to the server.<br />
<br />
==History of Quizbowl Buzzers==<br />
The earliest quizbowl-style competitions appeared to use either a system of hand-raising (sometimes with other officials activating a buzzer after seeing a hand raised) or shouting the answer before the other team. The [[College Bowl]] TV show implemented a buzzer system as part of its studio set, but [https://web.archive.org/web/20120531092825/https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~quizbowl/newsletters/ACF_Newsletter_9-3.txt portable buzzers took longer to emerge]. The [[Berry]] College team in 1971 created a home-made portable buzzer system while a patent for a portable buzzer system was filed in 1972. Previous "lockout" buzzer systems had been used by [[Bible Bowl]] as early as the 1950s, but they were apparently not very portable. [[John P. Reynolds]] of Dayton, OH, who was likely affiliated with Bible Bowl, is the inventor of the buzzer system under the most straightforward interpretation of the concepts of "inventor" and "buzzer system."<br />
<br />
To be usable in quizbowl, buzzer systems now have some kind of light that indicates who buzzed in first, as well as a sound that alerts the reader to stop reading the question and look for the light. Some older buzzer systems used a mechanical bell or other physical device instead of making a "buzz" sound. All currently manufactured systems play an electronically synthesized tone of some kind, with the QuikPro being closest to an onomatopoeiac "buzz" sound. Most current systems use two or more tones of different pitches and/or lengths, so that which of the teams has buzzed can be determined by sound alone before searching for the individual player using the lights.<br />
<br />
==Choosing a buzzer system (2019 Em Gunter post)==<br />
<br />
There are many things to take into consideration when deciding which buzzer system to purchase including price, durability, portability, and other factors. Below is a brief overview of [[Em Gunter]]'s [https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 guide to choosing a buzzer system] on the [[hsquizbowl.org forums]]. This covers 4 of the most commonly seen systems that can still be purchased as of March 2020 (thus leaving out [[The Judge]], which appears to be unavailable for purchase anymore, but which due to its near-indestructibility remains present on many circuits).<br />
<br />
===[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzers]: [$265-$290]===<br />
<br />
Anderson buzzers come in two versions: daisy-chained boxes and individual hand-held indicators. purchasing the daisy-chained version is suggested due to their ease of use and high durability. When disassembled these buzzers only have 4 parts making it nearly impossible to accidentally leave part of the system lying around. The control unit is a simple box and each strip of buzzers connects on either side of the unit. These buzzers are extremely durable and are only known to fail in cases of extreme negligence. Andersons are the cheapest and most reliable buzzers that can be purchased and are often recommended over any other system. In general, it is a much better idea to purchase two sets of Andersons rather than a single set of QuikPros or Zeecrafts due to the far superior build of the Andersons. The one downside, however, to Andersons is that the AC adapter for the system is extremely short so purchasing an extension cord is highly suggested.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com Buzzers]: [~$299]===<br />
<br />
The buzzers from BuzzerSystems.com feature a control unit with individual activators contained within boxes that connect to the control unit by audio cables. The control unit features a reset button and 16 ports to allow the support of up to 16 players which is higher than any other commonly found system. Set up of this system is slightly more complicated than the Andersons because you have to plug a cable into each individual activator and a port on the control unit. Players who enjoy holding their activator but are seeking a higher quality or cheaper set will most likely prefer this set over Andersons. The main downside to this system is the quality of the cables that come with the set when you purchase it. When purchasing this system it is recommended that you additionally invest in a set of replacement cables that can be found at Amazon or a local electronics retailer.<br />
<br />
===[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ QuikPro Buzzers]: [$289-$489]===<br />
<br />
QuikPro buzzers come in two general types. You either have hand-held activators directly connected to the control unit from a single connection or individual lights with hand-held activators attached. The version with hand-held activators but not lights are generally far more reliable than the version with individual lights. QuikPro buzzers use cables similar to those used for home telephones and the connectors are often prone to snapping. The reset button on QuikPro buzzers can often fail due to poor wiring and may require the splicing of new wire in for continued functionality. The set up of this system is fairly simple but there are many cords that can easily get tangled or damaged which can increase set up and tear down time significantly compared to other systems. <br />
<br />
===[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Buzzers]: [$465-$730]===<br />
<br />
These are by far the most expensive buzzers you can buy and while they look extremely nice they don't hold up very well. Many people have experience with these sets as they commonly show up at various national championship tournaments. Zeecraft systems have 8 individual lights with individual hand-held activators. The individual lights themselves are extremely fragile and will crack or pop off if they fall on the ground or jostle inside the case. The buzzers connect to the control unit using telephone cables and the clips on these tend to snap off quite easily. The craftmanship of Zeecraft buzzers is inferior to that of other systems. The soldering is often messy and these systems fail significantly sooner than other systems available for purchase. Additionally, Zeecrafts are incredibly time-consuming to set up and take even longer to put away due to the barely-big-enough case designed for the system. Taking into account the very high cost and lack of durability it is suggested that you stay away from Zeecraft buzzers for individual team use.<br />
<br />
==Model-specific information==<br />
<br />
This table is intended to aggregate information about all models of buzzer that are usable for ordinary NAQT/ACF-style quizbowl, including those that are no longer manufactured. Systems that may be suitable only for Knowledge Bowl or other peripheral formats will be added in the future.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! Manufacturer<br />
! Model<br />
! Still being made as of 2022?<br />
! Lowest cost for usable system<ref>Lowest possible cost, excluding shipping and carrying case, for a new system in the model line that can currently be ordered from the manufacturer's website and meets [https://www.naqt.com/nationals/buzzer-discount-policy.html NAQT's definition] of an acceptable buzzer. Higher-priced variants with more features (e.g. additional player activators or a different style of activator), or lower-priced systems that are not usable for ordinary quizbowl (e.g. because they have fewer than eight activators), or usable lower-priced models that are no longer offered as new products and can only be acquired secondhand, may also be available. Information was researched and current as of 12/20/22.</ref><br />
! Advantages<br />
! Disadvantages<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Combo Quik Pro<br />
|Yes<br />
|$395<br />
|This newer system is a good balance of the Quik Pro's benefits with innovations to make it more compact and less fragile. The individual activators have a button set in the middle of a light and are permanently hardwired together; the only thing to plug in is one connector per team. The whole system fits in a shoebox and is only a few inches larger than the miniaturized Anderson system so it's one of the most portable. All Quik Pro models except the Basic have a small timer mounted to the system - this can be used for various game timing functions though it is not visible to the players like the Zeecraft timers are.<br />
| Because each team side is permanently hardwired, the individual activators are not modular; if you have an 8-player system and one activator fails then there is no way to "switch it out" and the whole thing has to be sent in for repair. However, the system seems to be fairly durable and may not have this issue often. The only connector in the system is the unusual Quik Pro data port, so there's no off-the-shelf extension available like there is for phone/Ethernet/RCA style cords; conversely, when the connectors are long enough to accommodate a medium-sized classroom, it's recommended to tape them down to the floor to avoid tripping hazards. Repairs for Quik Pro systems tend to be expensive in comparison to other manufacturers.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Basic<br />
|Yes<br />
|$289<br />
|Good loud buzzing sound, affordable cost, extremely compact and easy to set up (just plug it into the wall and you're done).<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$489<br />
|"Siren" style lights are the most visible available and are good for larger rooms or for formats that require recognizing by buzzer color. They are easily recognized as a "buzzer system" even when not plugged in and are a good eye-catching aid in recruitment environments such as activities fairs. Timer included.<br />
|Plastic on sirens cracks fairly easily, especially if you're trying to balance the whole system on a classroom desk where it will inevitably fall off. Recommend using some velcro/tape to secure the components to the desk surface to try to avoid this happening too often. RJ11 connectors have the usual issues (perhaps even more so since unlike the Zeecraft the connector end goes into the individual buzzer rather than the control unit and will be moving around constantly) so be prepared to perform maintenance.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ 4 D Designs]<br />
|Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe<br />
|Yes<br />
|$518<br />
|Strobe may be a good solution for improving visibility in very large rooms. Timer included.<br />
|Same as the Deluxe.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Elite<br />
|Yes<br />
|$448<br />
|By far the simplest and most compact system for accommodating more than 10 players, e.g. at large practices or in certain "Bee" formats. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Handheld/Handpad<br />
|Yes<br />
|$320<br />
|Probably the best connector style for detachable handheld activators - they don't tend to fall out like the NEDs or break like the Zeecraft/QuikPros. Available in cylinder button or "slap-pad" styles. Variable volume control.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Tabletop<br />
|Yes<br />
|$290<br />
|Generally considered one of the best values for a new buzzer - despite the issues mentioned here you can usually get a few years out of it before sending it in for a cheap repair. Very appealing when looking at long-term cost of ownership. Variable volume control. Since 2020 or so this system has been offered in a miniaturized version that's easier to transport and so far seems to have fewer of the maintenance issues. Anderson has a good reputation for effective customer service & affordable repairs when needed. The cords from the first buzzer in each team chain to the control unit are fairly long and work for almost any room setup without worrying about purchasing extensions.<br />
|Hard-wired connections on both sides of 8 out of 10 activators mean there is no way to pack the system without stressing and, sooner or later, breaking the wires. Reset button can stick. LEDs on activators will often sink into the unit, though this is fairly easy to repair. Power pack is fragile and is subject to the wire breaking/fraying or the pack simply ceasing to work after a period of time. A lot of players have an annoying habit of covering the light on these systems when they buzz, so you will need to remind people not to do that.<br />
|-<br />
|Boling<ref>This company appears to still be in business but their website is non-secure so the link is not included at this time.</ref><br />
|Funbuzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$445<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://edapi.com/genius-game/?lang=en Edapi]<br />
|Genius Game<br />
|Yes<br />
|~$365<ref>This is a Quebec-based company which lists prices on its website in Canadian dollars. As of December 2022 the base price is CAD$495 which is US$364. Exchange rates vary over time and additional charges related to shipping or customs when ordering from the U.S. may apply.</ref><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|10-Player Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$360<br />
|Of the major manufacturers, NED systems are probably the most historically reliable in terms of need for repair per hour of use, and they tend to accumulate less visible wear and tear over time than similarly priced systems.<br />
|The RCA-style connectors used in these systems are imperfect and are too easily yanked out by normal movement or loosened over time. Securing the connections with additional tape etc. is recommended if feasible for your use conditions. This model doesn't have lights in front of the players.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|High-Visibility Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$559<br />
|Same as other NED systems plus larger individual desktop lights.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$645<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|The handheld activators that go to the desktop units have the same issue as other NED systems with RCA connectors. The other connectors in this system are eight-pin style similar to Anderson connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Team-Box Quiz System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$475<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player). Same issue with RCA connectors.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Traditional Buzzer System – BASIC<br />
|Yes<br />
|$339<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Who's Next? Buzzer System<br />
|Yes<br />
|$399<br />
|Offers a functionality for determining who buzzed second, third, etc that can be switched on or off as desired.<br />
|Same as other NED systems.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|A/G Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$465<br />
|Quiz Equipment activators are all modular and are available in various form factors including slap-pads and handheld cylinders.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Basic Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$305<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|Quizbowl Quizbox<br />
|Yes<br />
|$436<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://quizequipment.com/information.htm Quiz Equipment]<br />
|World Bible Quiz system<br />
|Yes<br />
|$535<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[http://quizsystems.com/products.htm QuizSystems]<br />
|QS2000A<br />
|Yes<br />
|$260<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[https://rolls.com/product/GS76RL Rolls]<br />
|GS76RL Game Show Controller<br />
|?<br />
|Lists for $189 new though currently sold out, not sure if more are being manufactured<br />
|Compact but still has individual lights<br />
|The reset button does not clear the system if someone is holding down one of the activator buttons<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.trebisky.com/product-page/trebisky-game-show-buzzer-standalone-system-w-led-light-buttons-8-player Trebisky]<br />
|Game Show Buzzer<br />
|Yes<br />
|$90<br />
|The lowest-priced new system, and is sold through Amazon so has lots of payment options.<br />
| ''Extremely'' fragile system using very cheap components that is likely to arrive with at least one activator already broken. There is no way that this system will stand up to the ordinary wear and tear of travel or game use. The system as designed theoretically meets tournament usability requirements, but in reality is probably not suited for actual quizbowl team needs and is better used for non-quizbowl classroom or entertainment applications.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://tripleqquestions.com/product/8-player-sho-me-smart-light-buzzer-system/ Triple-Q/Sho-Me]<br />
|Smart Light<br />
|Yes<br />
|$450<br />
|The images of this system look identical to the JBQ bar system - possibly the original manufacturer was acquired by Triple Q?<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|UniAsia<ref>This company appears to still be in business but does not have a website that I could find.</ref><br />
|QZ-825<br />
|Yes<br />
|$115<br />
|At this price, if you can get 2 years out of them, it's probably worth it even if they don't last longer than that.<br />
|From pictures, this seems to be basically the same design as the no-longer-made SVBZ buzzers, which proved somewhat fragile and difficult to set up.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger I<br />
|Yes<br />
|$495<br />
|All Challenger models accommodate either the "regular buzzer" (unit with button and small light for each player), the "Showtime handgrip" ("trigger" style buzzer with separate large rectangular light unit for each player), or the "Showtime tabletop" (the smaller square light unit). Loud buzzing tone that's less harsh than the QuikPro.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair. The Showtime handgrips have large plastic covers that will probably crack if dropped repeatedly; as with the Quik Pro Deluxe, you should try to secure them to the table when using to avoid this. Properly setting up and repacking the system, including using velcro or tape to avoid damage to the Showtime units, takes longer than any other currently manufactured buzzer (though not as long as the SVBZ).<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger II<br />
|Yes<br />
|$610<br />
|Various built-in timing functions; can show a visible countdown for an NAQT-style game clock or rules such as 5 seconds per bonus part, etc.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Challenger III<br />
|Yes<br />
|$720<br />
|Adds lights on the control unit to the Challenger II features.<br />
|RJ11 connectors break easily, though these are fairly simple to repair.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft]<br />
|Discover<br />
|Yes<br />
|$365<br />
|<br />
|Lights on control unit only (no light physically in front of each player).<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Enterprises]<br />
|Officiator Deluxe<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Officiator Elite is now offered instead.<br />
|Has an LED screen on the control unit to display certain information about buzzing order.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Creative Electronic Designs<br />
|Quiz Wizard II<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can accommodate 16 players in large practice environments etc. Generally fairly durable; one or two buzzers may go dead but these systems are well over 20 years old and are still seen from time to time. Long cords.<br />
|Everything is hardwired together, which combined with the cord length means it can become tangled, hence "The Knot." No way to do individual activator repairs. This system has no lights at all; when a player buzzes, the moderator must read their buzzer number from an LCD screen. Annoyingly, the buzzers are numbered A1 through A4, B1 through B4, C1 through C4, and D1 through D4, which means you shouldn't use both D and B in a game since those are hard to distinguish. The buzzer numbers inscribed on the activators wear off over time so the only way to determine the numbers is for everyone to remember what comes up at the buzzer check. The additional step of calling out the buzzer number means that these systems should probably not be used in timed games (e.g. official NAQT national events). For a "barebones" system with no special features, the unit is surprisingly large; it takes up about as much space as a Quik Pro Deluxe or other system that uses that space to provide individual light units to each player.<br />
|-<br />
|Educational Technologies<br />
|Inquisitor<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Electramatic<br />
|The Judge<br />
|???<br />
|Electramatic has always had a very basic and uninformative web presence. It may still be possible to order this system by phone, or not.<br />
|Simple setup (basically just take the single hard-wired mass of equipment out of the case).<br />
|Breaks easily, especially the covers on the lights which protrude from the case and are not protected in any way. Everything being hardwired together with relatively short cords means that there's little flexibility in adapting to room setups and it's extremely easy for one errant move to drag the whole system to the floor. No lights in front of individual players. Confusing "timer" function on the reset switch often causes problems with uncleared buzzers in games.<br />
|-<br />
|JEM<br />
|Buzz Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Logitek<br />
|Quiztron<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|<br />
|Buzzer lights are encased in the most enormous pieces of translucent plastic known in any buzzer system, with twelve panes over a foot long used in each system. This means they are very easily cracked and the remaining examples of these buzzers all look very beat-up.<br />
|-<br />
|[https://buzzersystems.com/ Novel Electronic Designs/BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
|Deluxe System<br />
|No<br />
|Model discontinued. The similar Line-Up Chain-Link Quiz System is now offered instead.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Paléogénies<br />
|Génies-Box<br />
|Maybe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pitsco<br />
|Quiz Wizard I<br />
|No<br />
|Pitsco Education is still in business and will likely be able to repair old systems, but they no longer manufacture new buzzers. <br />
|Very durable, compact, easy-to-set-up system.<br />
|Lights on console only, no individual player lights. The system does a 3-second "self-test" routine every time it is reset rather than just when initially powered up, which is annoying and in timed formats possibly makes it unusable.<br />
|-<br />
|QuizCo<br />
|The Quiz Machine<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Can extend lengths with off-the-shelf RCA cords.<br />
|Electronic design of this system is completely dependent on "daisy chain" signal pass-through; one dead activator or cord will make every subsequent unit in the string unusable, so testing and avoiding disturbing the cords throughout the game becomes even more important than usual. System exhibits other weird behavior at times (e.g., touching anything conductive to the cord ports will cause the buzzer to go off).<br />
|-<br />
|SVBZ<br />
|SVBZ System<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Both an AC adapter and a battery powered mode (9-volt) are available by default.<br />
|This system uses a huge tree of wires to connect the activators to the control unit and must be totally pulled apart and separated (preferably in individual plastic bags or similar) before being repacked. If you try to pack it up without undoing all the connections even once it will become a hopeless tangle and require 15+ minutes of work to get back to a usable state. Components are cheap and fail often. With SVBZ out of business and the system out of warranty, you should only use this system if you can acquire 2 of them, as that is the only way to have a reasonable shot at pulling enough working parts to make one fully usable system. All connections need to be pushed together as tightly as possible or buzzers will stop working and you will have to hunt through the spiderweb of wires to find the problem. Many people find the buzzing noise on this system to be harsh/unpleasant.<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic Professional<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Adds individual colored lights and a detachable handheld cylinder-button activator to the original Q-a-M design. Branded with College Bowl logo.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|University Research Company<br />
|Quiz-a-Matic<br />
|No<br />
|Company is no longer in business.<br />
|Very reliable system with many units from 30+ years ago still functioning in quizbowl. Extremely good ergonomics on the button design, and a quaint "bell" sound is used for the buzzing noise.<br />
|Each team side is hardwired together, so there is a possibility of wire stress when packing and it's not possible to replace just one buzzer. With the company defunct, unless you can figure out how to fix the electronics on your own, once the unit goes below 8 working activators it's done for.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes on buying used buzzers==<br />
<br />
Buzzer systems fairly often appear on resale websites, primarily eBay but also sometimes Etsy, Goodwill, and government auction aggregators. Often these were buzzers owned by secondary schools which closed and whose movable property was sold as a lot to a dealer, or systems formerly owned by non-quizbowl campus groups such as college activities offices affiliated with now-defunct programs (e.g. ACUI College Bowl).<br />
<br />
*Don't buy a buzzer that won't be usable - the most common system seen here is the Trebisky Game Show Buzzer, which is marketed to a more general audience than quizbowl and primarily uses eBay and Amazon to reach buyers. As mentioned above, while information on this system is included because its technical layout meets the criteria for quizbowl buzzers, it is not a good choice for a quizbowl team and will basically be a waste of money (or time as you return it). The UniAsia QZ-825 also appears on eBay very often; it's possible that this is a more reliable system, but it has not been seen in mainstream quizbowl yet and nothing can be said for sure.<br />
*Extend your search terms- Most people making these sales are not "quizbowl people" and are guessing at what the item is called. Search for "quiz buzzer," "lockout system," "trivia," brand names such as Quik Pro, Zeecraft, etc., and be prepared to scroll past a lot of false positives.<br />
*Read terms- A lot of bulk sellers will, as a policy, not test or guarantee any electronics. Buying an "as-is" buzzer system is a needless risk and should generally be treated as code for "buying a non-working system." Sometimes, smaller sellers will be willing to plug in and test a system if you tell them how to do it - remember, they are not quizbowl people, they will need a little nudge as to what you are looking for.<br />
*The value proposition of a used buzzer is totally different than a new one because you are getting a discount. The reasons that it might not make sense to pay $700 for a Zeecraft become almost irrelevant if someone is selling the same unit for $100. The least expensive new buzzers that are generally expected to be usable over the long term include the $289 QuikPro Basic, the $290 Anderson Officiator Tabletop, and the $360 NED 10-Player. If your budget is lower and you can at least be assured that what you are buying is returnable if it doesn't work, then almost any model of buzzer at substantially less than $289 becomes a good deal.<br />
*Don't be afraid to negotiate, including using eBay's offer system. Most sellers have no idea what prices "should" be and are open to considering lowering prices, especially if the item has been on sale for a while. The inverse of the above point is - if I can get a brand new buzzer for $290 then why would I pay $500 for one that's used, banged up, covered in pieces of tape and writing that says Blahville Middle School, etc? Many sellers will find this persuasive.<br />
*Discuss lowering shipping costs as well. Most systems can be sent through regular USPS for less than $30. If someone insists on charging more and this brings the total cost of the purchase beyond what makes sense, let them know.<br />
*Know what can be repaired on your end - burnt out light bulbs, broken phone jacks, etc. are easy; completely nonfunctional electronic boards aren't. Once you know what you can repair, see what discounted "broken" systems may not be so broken after all. A system that is still supported but is missing one or two working activators might still prove a good deal after calculating the total cost of buying the used system and ordering replacement activators from the manufacturer.<br />
<br />
Overall, buying used can be a great option for those on a very limited budget or clubs looking to buy a second or third buzzer in an open-ended timeframe. You will almost always find something usable for under $200 if you know how to search and have a little patience. The more of these units that are brought back into the mainstream quizbowl ecosystem, the better it will be for the issue of supplying buzzers to tournaments.<br />
<br />
==Purchasing a buzzer system==<br />
<br />
New quiz bowl programs commonly ask how and where to buy a buzzer system. Overtime all buzzers break down, so it is often better to purchase more durable systems such as Andersons, which are the cheapest and provide good warranties, than to a more expensive system because it looks better or you have heard rumors that it is less likely to fail. Local civic organizations are a good place to reach out to if your school division denies funding for a buzzer system.<br />
<br />
There are other concerns about buying a buzzer system for quiz bowl:<br />
*Quiz bowl does not use "self-resetting" systems; you should buy a buzzer with a moderator reset button.<br />
*Wireless buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play due to the potential for lag.<br />
*Phone- and tablet-based buzzer systems are inappropriate for tournament play and serious practice due to the potential for distraction or cheating by using such devices' other functions.<br />
*Battery-operated buzzer systems will require you to always keep spare batteries in the case in the event of a mid-tournament battery failure. For tournament use, systems plugging into building power are preferred (it helps to keep an extension cord in the case because some rooms have inconveniently-located power outlets).<br />
*Individual player lights on or next to each player's buzzer make it easier for everyone to recognize who has buzzed in first.<br />
<br />
===[[Matt's Buzzers]]===<br />
<br />
Matt's Buzzers is a charity set up by Sheryl and Mike Cvijanovich, the parents of [[Matt Cvijanovich]]. It awards grants to teams seeking to buy buzzer systems. These grants are given in Matt's honor.<br />
<br />
===Buzzer exhibit===<br />
<br />
The Fondren Library at [[Rice]] University displays three buzzer systems formerly used by the Rice team as part of an exhibit on the history of Rice's quizbowl program.<br />
<br />
===Terminology===<br />
<br />
"Buzzer system" (used in most mainstream quizbowl) and "lockout system" (used in College Bowl) are the most common terms. Game shows such as ''Jeopardy!'' that use similar systems refer to them as a "signaling device." The terms "indicator system," "lockout/indicator," and "quiz box" are seen occasionally.<br />
<br />
The rules of at least two high school leagues in 2022 (one in Ohio and one in Georgia) still use the trademarked model name "Quiz-a-Matic" to refer to buzzers in general, despite the fact that the Quiz-a-Matic has not been manufactured since 1996, suggesting that this system was once so common that its name began to genericize.<br />
<br />
==Official systems==<br />
<br />
While almost all tournaments allow any buzzer that meets their technical requirements and rarely have the luxury of turning away any working buzzers supplied by teams, some models are more common in certain environments:<br />
*[[NHBB]] endorses the [[Anderson]] Officiator to teams and uses that model for their company-owned reserve of buzzers.<br />
*[[NAQT]] owns several dozen [[NED]] buzzers and does, or formerly did, have many company-owned [[Judge]]s as well.<br />
*[[VHSL Scholastic Bowl]] uses a stock of [[Quik Pro]] Deluxe buzzers at its state tournament and endorses Quik Pro for purchase by participating teams. Scholastic Bowl-only programs almost invariably own a Quik Pro Deluxe with the siren-style buzzers; other models appear at regional-level VHSL tournaments only when more active teams that purchased buzzers outside of VHSL's recommendation supply them.<br />
*Off-TV [[College Bowl]] used [[Zeecraft]] Challenger I buzzers at its official events after University Research Company stopped making its prior official buzzer, the Quizamatic, in 1996. The purchase of this model by colleges running intramural tournaments and the subsequent end of the College Bowl campus program may explain this buzzer's frequent appearance on secondhand resale websites.<br />
*The Creative Electronic Designs Quiz Wizard II was the official buzzer used by [[Certamen]] teams. As of 2023, now that the Quiz Wizard II is no longer being made, the NJCL is making and repairing its own systems. As Certamen involves 12 players at a time, not all quizbowl systems are usable for this format. <br />
*Televised high school quizbowl shows that don't build their own custom buzzers through the TV station's engineers often use Zeecrafts with the Showtime activators, which are fairly easily modified to output to a large light in front of a podium.<br />
<br />
The Quik Pro Deluxe "siren" style buzzers provide some advantage in games played before large audiences, as they have by far the largest lights, and the only large lights that are omnidirectional, of any available system. In extreme cases (e.g. national finals games played on stages in hotel conference rooms in front of hundreds of people) there is no out-of-the-box buzzer that lights up brightly enough to overcome the combined effects of the stage lighting and the size of the room, and the audience has to rely on listening to who is answering the question to determine who buzzed. The only way to overcome this is to re-route the light bulb socket in a buzzer that uses lamps (such as certain Zeecraft or NED models) to a larger, more powerful light on the front of the players' table/podium; outside of televised events, this method was once commonly done at the [[National Academic Championship]] and was used for the finals of the 2004 [[PACE NSC]].<br />
<br />
==Gallery of buzzer systems==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Quizco-quizmachine.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The Quiz Machine (aka the "QuizDuck" for its unique quack-like buzzing sound).|alt=alt language<br />
File:20playerquizco.jpg|Manufacturer: Quizco<br>Model: The 4-team, 20-player version of the Quiz Machine.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Paleogenies-geh.jpg|Manufacturer:Paléogénies<br>Model: Génies-Box used for [[Génies en herbe]] and related competitions in Quebec|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizard1-pitsco.jpg|Manufacturer: Pitsco<br>Model: Quiz Wizard I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizwizardii-ced.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Electronic Designs<br>Model: Quiz Wizard II aka "The Knot"|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thejudge2.jpg|Manufacturer: Electramatic<br>Model: The Judge|alt=alt language<br />
File:Biblebowl.jpg|Manufacturer:<br>Model: [[Bible Bowl]] system that was produced by third-party builders & also made freely available as a schematic|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Deluxe Strobe. Quik Pro offers various "deluxe" models with large lights as seen here.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpb.jpg|Manufacturer: 4 D Designs<br>Model: Quik Pro Basic. This has lights on the control unit only; players need to be aware of which color/number light is theirs.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qpcombo.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: New Combo Quik Pro with ergonomic single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:QPcombo_quikpro.jpg|Manufacturer: Quik Pro<br>Model: Old-style Combo Quik Pro with rounded single-piece buzzers|alt=alt language<br />
File:Anderson-officiator.jpg|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: Officiator with 10 desktop activators|alt=alt language<br />
File:Officiator16.png|Manufacturer: Anderson<br>Model: 32-player version of the Officiator Deluxe (since discontinued and replaced with the similar Officiator Elite). This comes with either the "paddle" or smaller handheld activators.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-buzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with one handheld activator set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ned-setup.jpg|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: NED system with eight desktop activators set up|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nedchain.png|Manufacturer: Novel Electronic Designs<br>Model: Part of the still-manufactured older design from NED/Buzzersytems.com, which they call the "chain link" system, using Ethernet-style connectors|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger I|alt=alt language<br />
File:Zeecraft-challenger2.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II in the case.|alt=alt language<br />
File:4-1.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II view approximating game-usable setup. Note: The distinguishing features of the various Zeecraft models are on the control unit; the different styles of activators are generally interchangeable from one model to another.|alt=alt language<br />
File:S-l1600.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with single-piece style individual light activators. The "BUZZ IN" stickers were applied by the manufacturer and often appear on this model of activator.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger-tabletop.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: Challenger II with the less-often seen large light tabletop units|alt=alt language<br />
File:Challenger3.jpg|Manufacturer: Zeecraft<br>Model: A Challenger III control unit|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbz.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Full SVBZ system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Svbzblue.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: A lit-up SVBZ activator with their most common light design.|alt=alt language.<br />
File:Svbz_round.jpg|Manufacturer: SVBZ<br>Model: Large, round activator used in the last years of SVBZ|alt=alt language<br />
File:Bolling-funb.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Funbuzzer with two activators visible|alt=alt language<br />
File:Funbuzzer.jpg|Manufacturer: Boling<br>Model: Full view of the Funbuzzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Shomesmartlight.jpg|Manufacturer: Sho-Me Systems<br>Model: Smart Light|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quiz_equipment_basic_quizbox.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: Basic Quiz Box. These systems are modular and are sold with the buyer's choice of control unit/activator unit style combinations.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Buzzer-board-organized.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Equipment<br>Model: "Buzzer Board" marketed to Bible Bowl participants|alt=alt language<br />
File:Qz825.jpg|Manufacturer: UniAsia<br>Model: QZ825, a Hong Kong-manufactured system often seen on eBay for a low cost|alt=alt language<br />
File:Trebisky.jpg|Manufacturer: Trebisky<br>Low-cost China-made system of dubious quality heavily promoted online|alt=alt language<br />
File:Ion-electricals-india.webp|Manufacturer: Ion Electricals<br>Model: System used in [[Indian quizzing]]|alt=alt language<br />
File:Nasco.png|Manufacturer: Nasco<br>Model: Classroom Challenger|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizmaster.png|Manufacturer: Erickson<br>Model: Quizmaster|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamatic.png|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: Classic Quizamatic. The physical bell which produces the sound upon "buzzing" is visible.|alt=alt language<br />
File:8366d3093dc379e431be6e14f8ac7d21.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: The Quizamatic Professional, featuring individual player lights and College Bowl branding.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizamaticset.jpg|Manufacturer: University Research Company<br>Model: One team set up for the Quiz-a-Matic Professional|alt=alt language<br />
File:Esl-slamsystem.png|Manufacturer: ESL<br>Model: Slam System.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Prod_18222294424.jpg|Manufacturer: Trainers' Warehouse<br>Model: Me First Answer Dome (wireless system)|alt=alt language<br />
File:Quizsystems-QS2000A.jpg|Manufacturer: Quiz Systems<br>Model: QS2000A|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1229.webp|Manufacturer: QuizSystems.com<br>Model: Closer view of part of a QuizSystems buzzer system|alt=alt language<br />
File:Img_1232.webp|Manufacturer: Logitek<br>Model: Quiztron|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jembuzzbox.jpg|Manufacturer: JEM<br>Model: Buzz Box|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edapi-questionairre.jpg|Manufacturer: EDAPI<br>Model: Genius Game (showing control unit only without activators)|alt=alt language<br />
File:BigDaddy_10-Player_System_400.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: Big Daddy. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:PowerGrip-wired-full-system-16-9.jpg|Manufacturer: Affordable Buzzers<br>Model: PowerGrip. These buzzers require connecting to a computer to function and are not considered usable by most mainstream quizbowl.|alt=alt language<br />
File:Rollsg76.jpg|Manufacturer: Rolls<br>Model: GS76RL|alt=alt language<br />
File:Jbq.jpg|Manufacturer: JBQ<br>Model: "Bar" system formerly used in Junior Bible Quiz|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tanddenterprisesthequizzer.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer in the case|alt=alt language<br />
File:Tdquizzer2.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: Another view of The Quizzer|alt=alt language<br />
File:Thequizzr3.jpg|Manufacturer: T&D Enterprises<br>Model: The Quizzer with a lit-up activator|alt=alt language<br />
File:Creative-engineering-gsm-plus.jpg|Manufacturer: Creative Imagineering<br>Model: Lockout Plus|alt=alt language<br />
File:Edinsights.jpg|Manufacturer: Educational Insights<br>Model: Quiz Bowl buzzer set|alt=alt language<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Reference for common buzzer parts & repair tools==<br />
<br />
*Anderson power pack - available on their website http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/replacementparts.html, if using a third-party power supply, set output to 9V and use the 3.5mm connector (off-the-shelf power packs should come with an assortment of connectors)<br />
*Bulbs for Zeecraft "showtime" activators - #47 or #1847 "bayonet" or "pinball" style such as these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09LC968GK (LED) or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00455IHYM (traditional incandescent filament) Note - Modern LED bulbs placed in older Zeecraft systems will glow faintly whenever the system is plugged in, but they will still clearly get much brighter when the player buzzes and are entirely usable for the purposes of a buzzer. If you can get old incandescent bulbs, they won't do this, but they are more expensive, you will have to replace them more often and, at some point in the future, such bulbs will no longer be made.<br />
*Bulbs for NED systems - while these look superficially similar to the Zeecraft bulbs they are not interchangeable. NED sells replacement LED bulbs here: https://buzzersystems.com/product/light-bulb-long-life-red/ and the specs per their page are 12-14V, 25mA, T 3-1/4 BA9S size<br />
*Fuses for QuikPro systems - 0.5 amp 1" x 1 1/4" glass tube, e.g. these: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BXHWAM<br />
*Soldering iron for wire connections - any kind, available anywhere hardware is sold<br />
*Crimping kit for RJ11 ("phone jack") and RJ45 ("Ethernet") tab connectors used by QuikPro, Zeecraft, and other manufacturers - https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0756SN86D or any similar kit plus pack of connectors https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008EAK1FM<br />
*Screwdrivers are needed for opening Anderson units to fix sunken bulbs, opening Zeecraft showtime light units to replace the bulbs, and other general repair tasks. These will be included in most crimping kits, otherwise supply your own.<br />
<br />
Keeping the above tools and parts with your buzzer can save a tournament from running short.<br />
<br />
*Buzzer cases: All extant manufacturers sell bags or cases that are intended to fit their buzzers; check the appropriate websites. Otherwise, nearly every system will fit into one of the following options:<br />
**16 or 20 inch toolboxes: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000HD60PE or https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0032Y8RIS, also available at any store that sells hardware or fishing supplies<br />
**"Catalog cases" - for example https://www.amazon.com/Solo-New-York-Classic-USLB1514/dp/B000IJ9O8W/ - these are what NED sells for their systems. The difference between a small "catalog case" and a large "laptop case" is somewhat blurry, so look into all options for the dimensions you need.<br />
**Nearly any system besides the full-size Zeecrafts and the Quik Pro Deluxe will fit in an ordinary household storage bin like this: https://www.amazon.com/Tribello-Clear-Plastic-Storage-Containers/dp/B08H8X25XZ which are sold everywhere<br />
**The new miniaturized Anderson system, original-style Quizamatics, and QuizPro basic systems will fit in an average cardboard shoebox.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
*[https://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=22829 So You Want to Buy a Buzzer System]<br />
*[http://www.mattsbuzzers.com/ Matt's Buzzers]<br />
*[http://www.andersonbuzzersystems.com/ Anderson Buzzer Systems]<br />
*[http://www.buzzersystems.com/ BuzzerSystems.com]<br />
*[http://www.quikprosystems.com/ Quik Pro]<br />
*[http://www.zeecraft.com/ Zeecraft Tech]<br />
*[https://www.delcomproducts.com/productdetails.asp?PartNumber=706400-1M Delcom USB Handheld Buzzer]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOMwm8EAXb8 A Quiz-a-Matic buzzer system being tested]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Quizbowl basics]]<br />
[[Category:Buzzers]]<br />
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]]</div>Matt Weiner