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| − | '''MSHSAA''' ( | + | '''MSHSAA''' (Missouri State High School Activities Association) is the organization responsible for running Missouri's district and state quizbowl championships, taking over the role from the [[MACA|Missouri Academic Association]] in the 1995-96 season. The activity is officially called "Scholar Bowl"; before the 2010-2011 season, it was known as "Academic Competition." |
| − | == | + | ==State Championship== |
| − | + | :''Main article: [[MSHSAA State Championship]]'' | |
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| − | + | The [[MSHSAA State Championship]] is held in early May. Teams are divided into six classes, each with eight districts. District tournaments are hosted in early April, with the winners of adjacent districts meeting in an after school quarterfinal meet in a best two-of-three format to determine the four teams that go to the state finals. | |
| − | The | + | Rounds are scheduled to run an hour each. District tournaments consist of three preliminary rounds followed by four team single elimination playoffs. If a district has only two or three teams, an alternate schedule specified by MSHSAA is used instead. The state tournament was run the same way when it had eight teams, but now consists of a four-team round robin to seed the championship game and third place game. |
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| − | + | Starting in 2022, games during the MSHSAA series consist of 22 [[Tossup-bonus format|tossups with three-part rebounding bonuses]] using questions from [[NAQT]]. All tossups and bonus parts are worth 10 points each, with no powers or negs. Previously, games were run in a [[four-quarter format]], from the tournament's inception in 1996 until 2018. MSHSAA approved a three-year trial of a 26-tossup, three-part bonus format for the 2019-2021 seasons, using 22 tossup-bonus NAQT packets with additional math questions. This format was ultimately only used in 2019, as the 2020 tournament was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2021 tournament reduced each game to 20 cycles due to a limited number of available questions. | |
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==MSHSAA and Quizbowl== | ==MSHSAA and Quizbowl== | ||
| − | While more Missouri schools have formed quizbowl teams since MSHSAA became involved, some people feel that MSHSAA is out of touch with the desires of quizbowl players. Notably, MSHSAA's liaison to | + | While more Missouri schools have formed quizbowl teams since MSHSAA became involved, some people feel that MSHSAA is out of touch with the desires of quizbowl players. Notably, MSHSAA's liaison to scholar bowl, Stacy Schroeder, had no previous experience with quizbowl. Many players have complained that MSHSAA's insistence on applying the same regulations to quizbowl as they do to sports hold back the state's best teams. Examples of these rules include limiting teams to 14 competitions per season and restricting how teams can attend national competitions. |
==Benefits of MSHSAA's involvement with Quizbowl== | ==Benefits of MSHSAA's involvement with Quizbowl== | ||
| − | + | A major benefit of MSHSAA's involvement in quizbowl has been to put it on the same footing as other more traditional activities, such as athletics. Quizbowl's status as "a MSHSAA activity" helps grant it status lacking to other academic activities such as Science Olympiad, Chemistry Bowl, and Destination Imagination. As a result, a significant percentage of Missouri high schools participate in quizbowl to some extent, with a large amount of teams joining primarily for MSHSAA, and it is common for several tournaments to be hosted throughout the state on the same day. | |
==Criticism of MSHSAA's involvement with Quizbowl== | ==Criticism of MSHSAA's involvement with Quizbowl== | ||
| − | === | + | ===Game schedule=== |
| − | The | + | A game with MSHSAA's old four-quarter format took approximately 45 minutes to an hour to complete, which essentially prevented tournaments from using the [[round robin]] scheduling and consolation rounds that are common with the 20/20 [[tossup-bonus format]]. This has been improved with the change to 26/26 tossup-bonus rounds in 2019 and further reduction to 22/22 tossup-bonus in 2022. Matches during the MSHSAA state series are still scheduled at one hour intervals, leading to long waits at tournaments with experienced moderators who consistently complete games in half an hour or less. |
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| + | The standard schedule for MSHSAA districts is to have three preliminary rounds scheduled by random draw, followed by a four team single elimination bracket seeded by preliminary record then average points per game. While MSHSAA's official format for a two team district tournament is a fair best two of three format, the three team format is to play a round robin (the three preliminary rounds) followed by one final match between the top 2 teams, and the full five round format is required for district tournaments of four or more teams, even for a 4-6 team tournament for which a full round robin would be simpler, fairer, and take the same number of rounds or fewer. | ||
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| + | ====State schedule==== | ||
| + | Through 2019, each state tournament featured eight teams playing three preliminary rounds using a predetermined schedule based on district/sectional number, followed by a four team single elimination bracket. | ||
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| + | In 2021, MSHSAA was unable to procure enough packets from [[Academic Hallmarks]] to run their usual schedule. As a result, sectionals were shortened to a single game, and the state tournament did not have prelim rounds, instead seeding teams into a single elimination bracket based on which sectional they were from. This led to some semifinal games between teams that were widely agreed to be the best two in their class. | ||
| − | + | After the [[2021 MSHSAA Realignment]], only four teams in each class advance to the state finals in Columbia. As of 2022, the state format is now to play a full round robin, with the top two teams by record then average points advancing to the championship game and the other two teams advancing to the third place game. This format guarantees that there will be a championship game, with the consequence of putting disproportionate weight on that final round, including these potential scenarios: | |
| + | * If the preliminary rounds break cleanly and the 2-1 team wins the championship game over the 3-0 team, the team that won the championship game wins the tournament even though the other team has the same record on a common schedule, including a win over the state champion in the preliminary rounds. This effectively makes the preliminary game played between the two teams statistically meaningless since both teams still would have advanced to the championship game if the result were flipped. This also means that if the two games between the teams were flipped such that the preliminary result happened in the championship game and the championship result happened in the preliminary game, a different champion would be determined by the same set of games without any possible effect on the match schedule. The #2 seed has won the championship game in this situation five times through 2024, with [[2022 MSHSAA State Championship#Class_1_2|Class 1 in 2022]] being the only instance where the state champion scored fewer points over the four rounds than the second place team. | ||
| + | * In a specific case of the previous scenario, if the last preliminary round features two undefeated teams and two winless teams, the results of that round are statistically meaningless even before the game is played, as the undefeated teams are guaranteed to rematch in the championship game and the winless teams will rematch in the third place game. This has occurred in at least one class each year and four times total through 2024. [[2024 MSHSAA State Championship#Class_6_2|Class 6 in 2024]] is the only case when the losing team in the round 3 preliminary game won the championship game, though in this case the state champion had a higher point average over the four games. | ||
| + | * If the preliminary rounds have a 3-0 team and three 1-2 teams, the 3-0 team would clear the field if the tournament were to use the [[ACF finals format]], but in the MSHSAA format, the top ranking 1-2 team could win the tournament if they defeat the 3-0 team in the championship game. That makes it possible for a 2-2 team to win a state championship over a 3-1 team that played a common schedule. Through 2024, the prelims ended with a three way tie at 1-2 only in [[2023 MSHSAA State Championship#Class_4_2|Class 4 in 2023]] and the #1 seed convincingly won the championship game. | ||
| − | + | Additionally, if three teams go 2-1 in the preliminary rounds, statistical tiebreakers are used to eliminate the team with the fewest points from championship contention. This has happened in at least one class each year and four times total through 2024. | |
| − | + | ====Influence on regular season tournaments==== | |
| + | As a result of the game length and the standard schedule for MSHSAA districts and state, nearly every tournament run in the MSHSAA four-quarter format or a similar format consists of approximately 3 preliminary rounds (either [[Power matching|power-matched]] or randomly pre-determined) followed by a single elimination bracket of 4 to 16 teams. While tossup-bonus tournaments have now become the norm with the lack of well-written questions in MSHSAA four-quarter format, including MSHSAA's own change to tossup-bonus in 2019, some hosts still use scheduling principles influenced by standard MSHSAA scheduling. | ||
===Stacked districts=== | ===Stacked districts=== | ||
| − | One problem with the MSHSAA championship series is the existence of districts or sectionals with multiple top teams | + | One problem with the MSHSAA championship series is the existence of districts or sectionals with multiple top teams due to their geographical proximity. Because only the winner of each sectional advances to the state finals, on multiple occasions this has resulted in the second best team in a class not advancing to state because the best team was in their district or sectional. |
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| + | ====Examples==== | ||
| + | * In the 2008-2009 season, [[Savannah (Missouri High School)|Savannah]] moved up to Class 4 and was placed in District 16. Liberty and North Kansas City were placed in District 15, placing three of the top teams in the state that year in a pair of districts feeding into the same sectional, meaning it was only possible for one of the three to advance to the state tournament. | ||
| + | * In the 2010-2011 season, [[Ladue]], [[Clayton (Missouri High School)|Clayton]], and [[Villa Duchesne]] were ranked first, second, and fifth, respectively, in the [http://www.moquizbowl.com/viewtopic.php?p=44626#p44626 moquizbowl.com midseason poll] yet were all in Class 4 District 4. Rock Bridge and Jefferson City were ranked third and fourth in that poll and were both in the same district. This meant that only two of the top five ranked teams in the poll could advance to sectionals. | ||
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| + | ===Sectionals/Quarterfinals=== | ||
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| + | Until 2008, each class had been divided into 8 geographically-determined districts, with the winner of each district advancing to the state championship. For the 2009 championship series, districts were divided in two, with the winners of two adjacent districts meeting the following Thursday at a sectional meet, hosted by the odd-numbered (or even-numbered, in even years) district winner, playing a best 2-of-3 matchup to determine which team advances to state. | ||
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| + | The proposal was [http://www.moquizbowl.com/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=1651 received negatively] on the [[Missouri Academic Competition Message Board]]. While adding an additional level of competition with a best 2-of-3 format may marginally improve the fairness of competition, it adds additional transportation costs, room reservations, personnel overhead, and participant time that make the extra competition unreasonable. In one extreme case, if [[Kirksville]] had won its district at [[Marshall High School]] 120 miles away in 2009, the team would have had to travel another 200 miles each way to St. Charles County to play the District 7 champion the following Thursday. The longest travel distance to sectionals that actually occurred was [[Bradleyville]]'s 230 mile drive each way to [[Bell City]]. | ||
| − | + | At least one coach stated that this change was made because many schools (especially smaller ones) had trouble staffing district tournaments with the larger district size. This was not indicated during the discussion on the Missouri message board, and it did not change the fact that adding sectionals did not improve the fairness of the MSHSAA championship series. In practice, it resulted in several districts with only two or three participating teams, and in the case of Class 2 District 9, perennial state champion Richland won by default as the other five teams decided not to participate. [http://moquizbowl.com/topic/7597759/1/] | |
| − | + | In 2021, sectionals were kept, despite each class being reduced back to 8 districts. The ensuing districting resulted in multiple instances of teams being scheduled for 3+ hour drives, and droves of hypothetical long drives to sectionals. These new districts resulted in the aforementioned records being shattered by [[Hume]]'s scheduled 360-mile, 6-hour school day drive to [[Leopold]] to play one 20 tossup-bonus match. The change also resulted in the size of some districts doubling, rendering the point about smaller tournament fields moot. | |
| − | + | ===Restrictions on participation=== | |
| − | + | MSHSAA's definition of the Scholar Bowl season, as stated in the 2023-2024 MSHSAA Handbook, by-law 4.4.3, is: | |
| + | <blockquote>'''4.4.3 Season Limits for Scholar Bowl:''' No '''senior''' high school or '''junior''' high school shall participate in an interscholastic scholar bowl event before the Friday of Standardized Calendar Week Number 14 or later than the date of the MSHSAA District Competition, exclusive of the MSHSAA state competition, other than the following allowances: | ||
| + | <blockquote> | ||
| + | a. A school may participate in '''one''' interstate, interscholastic scholar bowl event which may begin no earlier than the Friday of Memorial Day weekend, only if the school has advanced from a qualifying event that takes place during the aforementioned season.</blockquote> | ||
| + | <blockquote> | ||
| + | b. A school may participate in '''one''' interscholastic event following districts and prior to the Friday of Memorial Day weekend. Such an event shall '''count as one''' of the school’s allowable regular season events as per By-Law 4.4.2 (Limits on Participation) and must meet the travel regulations per By-Law 4.4.4.d.</blockquote></blockquote> | ||
| − | + | The "Friday of Standardized Calendar Week Number 14" is the Friday that occurs between October 5-11. | |
| − | === | + | ====Event limits==== |
| − | MSHSAA | + | MSHSAA previously limited high school students to no more than fourteen events in a season, not counting the MSHSAA championship series, while middle school students were limited to eleven. By-law 4.4.2 for the 2017-2018 season was: |
| − | <blockquote> | + | <blockquote>'''4.4.2 Individual Limits on Participation in Scholar Bowl:''' |
| + | <blockquote> | ||
| + | a. Students enrolled in grades 9 through 12 shall participate in no more than fourteen interscholastic scholar bowl competitions during the school year, exclusive of MSHSAA district and state competition. | ||
| − | + | b. Students in the 7th and/or 8th grade shall participate in no more than eleven interscholastic scholar bowl competitions during the school year. | |
| − | + | c. 9th grade students if participating at the junior high level are eligible to participate on a higher level team (high school) and have a total of fourteen competitions in which they may participate.</blockquote></blockquote> | |
| + | While the wording of this by-law imposed limits on "students", which literally interpreted would mean a school team should be able to attend more than fourteen events as long as no student participated in more than fourteen, MSHSAA has interpreted this to restrict school teams from attending more than fourteen events. | ||
| − | ====Restrictions on | + | This event limit most severely impacted schools in conferences that are required to play duals against all of the other members of the conference, because a dual match counted as a single event. For example, in the 2017-2018 season, each school in the [[Clarence Cannon Conference]] played dual matches against the other eight schools in the conference, followed by a Saturday conference tournament, using nine of their fourteen allowable events. |
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| + | The Scholar Bowl Advisory Committee has repeatedly recommended increasing the tournament limit only to be denied by the MSHSAA Board of Directors. A change was finally adopted for the 2018-2019 season that does not increase the number of tournaments schools can attend, but does provide some relief for schools with dual-heavy schedules by making a distinction between duals and tournaments. The new by-law gives schools options that are analogous to the scheduling options provided in some sports. As of that season, by-law 4.4.2 reads: | ||
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| + | <blockquote>'''4.4.2 Limits on Participation in Scholar Bowl:''' The options for contests permitted for each school team and each individual participant are shown below. | ||
| + | <blockquote>a. '''High School Contest Limitations:''' Scheduling options / contests allowed. The options below are exclusive of any MSHSAA sponsored tournament series. | ||
| + | <blockquote>1. 20 duals and 2 Tournaments | ||
| + | 2. 10 duals and 8 Tournaments | ||
| + | 3. 0 duals and 14 Tournaments</blockquote> | ||
| + | b. Junior High School Contest Limitations: 12 duals and 1 Tournament OR 7 duals and 5 Tournaments. | ||
| + | c. 9th grade students if participating at the junior high level are eligible to participate on a high school team but may not exceed, individually, the scheduling option played by the high school team on which he/she plays.</blockquote></blockquote> | ||
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| + | With this change, the eight high schools in the Clarence Cannon Conference each may now attend seven tournaments in addition to their conference commitments. This is only a one tournament increase from the six tournaments they would have been able to attend under the previous version of the by-law, as [[Louisiana (MO)|Louisiana]] left the conference at the same time the change took effect. On the other hand, this change imposes a ''reduction'' in the number of allowed tournaments for schools that participate in 1-5 or 11 duals, as the 2018-2019 Scholar Bowl manual defines a tournament as an event with three or more teams. The wording change also imposes the limits on both individual students and school teams, matching MSHSAA's interpretation of the previous by-law. | ||
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| + | This change also severely reduced the number of tournaments middle school teams may attend from eleven to five, which was completely unexpected and not at all recommended by the Advisory Committee. This was rectified in the 2020-21 season with member schools approving the addition of an option for "0 duals and 11 tournaments". | ||
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| + | ====Restrictions on competitions outside of the regular season==== | ||
Through the 2008-2009 season, following the date of the District tournament, teams were prohibited from participating in any interscholastic competition except for the MSHSAA state series and national tournaments. | Through the 2008-2009 season, following the date of the District tournament, teams were prohibited from participating in any interscholastic competition except for the MSHSAA state series and national tournaments. | ||
| − | Shortly after the June 2009 Advisory Committee meeting, the [[Missouri Quizbowl Alliance]] learned that schools qualifying for a national tournament would be allowed to participate in one tournament between Districts and Nationals. As a result, MOQBA announced a pre-nationals tournament in which Missouri teams' participation would be subject to such a restriction. The wording of rule 4b, which implies that ''any'' team may participate in such a tournament, was not widely noticed until early May 2010. [http://www.moquizbowl.com/viewtopic.php?p=42422#p42422]. | + | Shortly after the June 2009 Advisory Committee meeting, the [[Missouri Quizbowl Alliance]] learned that schools qualifying for a national tournament would be allowed to participate in one tournament between Districts and Nationals. As a result, MOQBA announced a pre-nationals tournament in which Missouri teams' participation would be subject to such a restriction. The wording of rule 4b, which implies that ''any'' team may participate in such a tournament, was not widely noticed until early May 2010. [http://www.moquizbowl.com/viewtopic.php?p=42422#p42422]. This by-law amendment was adopted for the 2009-2010 season after member schools voted 297-89 to approve the following proposal: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090518025626/http://www.mshsaa.org:80/Activities/Eligibility/AnnualBallot.aspx] |
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| + | <blockquote>PROPOSAL NO. 30 - By-Law 640, Season Limits<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Amends By-Law 640.0 (Season Limits) to allow all Missouri students equal access to allowable interscholastic events in Academic Competition held on Memorial Day Weekend (or later in the summer) if they have met the requirements of the applicable by-laws and to permit schools to participate in one interscholastic academic competition event in addition to the MSHSAA state tournament between the District Tournament and the beginning of summer.</blockquote> | |
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| − | + | Even with this minor relaxation, Missouri teams are still almost entirely prohibited from playing in regular tournaments for half of the year. | |
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| + | The by-law permitting schools to attend one of their allowable events after Districts and before Memorial Day weekend has made it possible for schools to attend [[SSNCT]], which is usually in late April. However, NAQT hosted the [[2019 SSNCT]] on the first weekend of May, creating a conflict with the [[MSHSAA State Championship]]. Because the Class 3 and 4 championships are on Saturday, MSHSAA refused to sanction the 2019 SSNCT unless teams in those classes were prohibited from participating. Several registered teams were informed that they were being forced to drop only a couple of weeks before the tournament, including [[Hallsville]] (who had earned Missouri's best placement at all five previous SSNCTs) and several teams that had not even qualified for the state tournament. As a result, only three Missouri teams - all in Classes 1 and 2, which had their state championships on Friday - could attend the 2019 SSNCT, a sharp drop from the nineteen Missouri teams that attended in 2018. | ||
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| + | ====Restrictions on competitions on or after Memorial Day weekend==== | ||
| + | MSHSAA regulations regarding summertime competition were previously ambiguous, leaving many teams unsure of whether or not they could attend national tournaments. In 2007, member schools voted between three options to make the definition more precise. These options were: | ||
* The academic competition season should end with the state tournament and participation beyond this date should not be interscholastic (participants could not represent their school). (91 votes) | * The academic competition season should end with the state tournament and participation beyond this date should not be interscholastic (participants could not represent their school). (91 votes) | ||
* Interscholastic academic competition should be allowed to continue into and throughout the summer. (55 votes) | * Interscholastic academic competition should be allowed to continue into and throughout the summer. (55 votes) | ||
* '''A school academic competition team should be allowed to participate in a summertime national interscholastic competition only if the school has advanced from a qualifying event that takes place during the academic year. (130 votes)''' | * '''A school academic competition team should be allowed to participate in a summertime national interscholastic competition only if the school has advanced from a qualifying event that takes place during the academic year. (130 votes)''' | ||
| − | The winning option, which allows attendance at national tournaments but only by qualifying, was later approved in another vote by MSHSAA member schools. | + | The winning option, which allows attendance at national tournaments but only by qualifying, was later approved in another vote by MSHSAA member schools and adopted as of the 2007-2008 competition season. This rule exists as by-law 4.4.3.a (quoted above) as of the 2023-2024 season. |
| − | + | The restriction that schools must qualify for summertime tournaments during the regular season means that Missouri schools cannot attend those tournaments as a wildcard or on a standby basis unless their school has qualified at least one team for that tournament. Since MSHSAA's qualification rule applies to "schools" and not "teams", MSHSAA member schools ''are'' allowed to bring additional teams on a wildcard or standby basis once they have qualified at least one team. Qualifying events have become more common as more higher-quality tournaments are run on reputable sets and affiliated with PACE. Also, because MSHSAA districts and a large number of conference tournaments now use NAQT questions, a significant number of Missouri teams qualify for at least one national tournament every year. As a result, the prohibition on wildcard qualification is effectively a minor annoyance, but another example of how MSHSAA imposes restrictions that do not exist for schools from most other states. | |
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| − | ===The Charlie Dees Rule=== | + | It was previously thought that schools had to be out of school before attending a national tournament due to the use of the word "summertime" in the applicable by-laws. After concerns were raised about the speech and academic competition regulations that basing the term "summertime" on a school's calendar would give students from schools that dismiss for the year earlier more opportunities to compete in activities than those who attend schools that dismiss later, the same vote that added the allowance for a tournament between Districts and Memorial Day weekend also clarified that qualifying teams are permitted to attend national tournaments that occur on or after the Friday of Memorial Day weekend. |
| − | In May 2008 the Academic Competition Advisory Committee approved a resolution that the 2009 Area Meetings discuss adopting [http:// | + | |
| + | After this amendment took effect in the 2009-2010 season, the applicable by-law read: | ||
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| + | <blockquote>A school may participate in an interstate, interscholastic scholar bowl event which may begin no earlier than the Friday of Memorial Day weekend, only if the school has advanced from a qualifying event that takes place during the aforementioned season.</blockquote> | ||
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| + | Since both [[HSNCT]] and [[NSC]] are held on or after Memorial Day weekend, Missouri teams have not had issues attending one of these national tournaments since the new rule and summertime clarifications were adopted, with a few schools sometimes attending both. However, in 2016, one school was notified by MSHSAA that they could attend only one of these national tournaments, under the interpretation that the rule only allows attendance at ''one'' summertime tournament. This restrictive interpretation of the ambiguous article "an" was a surprise to supporters of good quizbowl when considering the explicit limit of "one" tournament between districts and Memorial Day weekend, the allowance of summertime "events" by the analogous by-law for speech and debate activities, the annual ballot proposals that created these allowances for academic competition and for speech both said "allow all Missouri students equal access to allowable interscholastic ''events''", and the fact that other schools have previously attended both in the same season without incident. The text of by-law 4.4.3.a was changed in the 2021-22 MSHSAA Handbook to specifically limit schools to "one" scholar bowl event on or after Memorial Day weekend, apparently without appearing on an annual ballot. | ||
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| + | ===Enforcement of MSHSAA rules at regular season tournaments=== | ||
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| + | Beginning in the 2012-2013 season, MSHSAA has required all regular season tournaments to follow certain rules in the MSHSAA Scholar Bowl rule book. Rules now required for all in-state tournaments include: | ||
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| + | * MSHSAA tossup timing: 5 seconds to buzz in at the end of a question, 3 seconds to begin a significant answer after being recognized, with an additional 7 seconds to complete the answer (for a total of 10 seconds). [C.1.b] | ||
| + | * Bonus answers must come from the captain, unless the captain explicitly defers to another teammate ''by name''. [C.2.a] | ||
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| + | With this policy in place, regular season tournaments were originally required by rule C.1.c to recognize players who buzzed in ''by name'' before they could answer and to rule a player's answer incorrect if they did not wait to be recognized. This unpopular rule was finally ''de facto'' removed in 2018-2019, with the removal of the penalty for answering before being recognized. | ||
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| + | ===Four player requirement=== | ||
| + | Official MSHSAA rules require that a team have four players at all times, forcing teams unable to meet this requirement during the MSHSAA state series to forfeit. At least a third of Class 1 was forced to drop from districts in the 2021 season, likely due to a lack of available team members further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. [[Raymore-Peculiar]], the eventual Class 6 state champion in 2021, was nearly forced to drop from districts before finding a fourth member at the last second. | ||
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| + | As of the 2019 season, an exception was added to allow a team to ''continue'' a game with fewer than four players if a player must leave due to an emergency, but this does not allow teams to ''start'' a game with fewer than four players under any circumstances. | ||
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| + | ===Treated like a sport=== | ||
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| + | Most responses MSHSAA gives to criticism of its handling of quizbowl are likely based on the premise that since the same rules apply to sports, they should apply to Scholar Bowl as well. Notably, in the discussion of the Sectionals proposal, [[Jeremy Gibbs]], former president of MACA and the [[Missouri Academic Competition Message Board|Missouri forum]]'s primary source of MSHSAA information at the time, repeatedly implied that the justification for a sectionals system as opposed to one with the top two teams in a district advancing to the next stage of competition is that the latter [http://www.moquizbowl.com/viewtopic.php?p=34016#p34016 "is not how any other sport works."] However, the system used for Cross Country, in which multiple teams from Districts advance to sectionals, is similar to improved systems proposed on the Missouri board [http://www.moquizbowl.com/viewtopic.php?p=34029#p34029]. | ||
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| + | The long standing NFHS policy against sanctioning national championships is believed to influence MSHSAA's reluctance to loosen or eliminate restrictions on summertime competition, despite the fact that the NFHS position statement specifically indicates disapproval of national championships for "athletic events" and nearly all other NFHS member organizations that sponsor quizbowl do not impose similar restrictions. | ||
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| + | ===Historical issues=== | ||
| + | MSHSAA has also been criticized for issues in the past that thankfully have no impact on current participation in quizbowl. | ||
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| + | ====Question provider selection==== | ||
| + | Historically, MSHSAA's events have often used extremely short, non-[[pyramidal]] questions from [[bad quizbowl]] companies. | ||
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| + | Questions were provided by [[Bryce Avery]] from 2005-2007. Previous providers include Champions and Straight A. | ||
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| + | The 2008 questions, written by [[Shawn Pickrell]], were more pyramidal and largely heralded as an improvement over Avery's questions. In April 2008, Pickrell, citing overextension, announced he would no longer provide questions in Missouri. | ||
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| + | MSHSAA's decision to allow the national tournament question to come to a vote and to procure higher-quality questions for its tournaments were widely praised by the Missouri community. Unfortunately, these improvements did not continue. In yet another characteristic move to stifle the growth of good quizbowl, MSHSAA has awarded [[Questions Galore]] the bid to write the 2008-2009 state championship series. This led to many independent tournaments being run on sets by Questions Galore, which was a company plagued by awful writing, a severe lack of [[literature]], use of [[math computation]] that is simply impossible to answer in the given time limits, a general disregard for any reasonable [[distribution]], and overall ignorance of standard writing procedures in quizbowl. | ||
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| + | [[NAQT]] has been the question provider since the 2011 districts and state series [http://www.moquizbowl.com/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=2152]. While the use of NAQT questions drastically improved the overall question quality of the MSHSAA series and many conference tournaments, the first and third quarters initially consisted of [[speedcheck]] tossups due to the length of a game in the MSHSAA four-quarter format, district tournament formats still involve randomly drawn matchups and [[single-elimination]] playoffs, and the guaranteed final and third place game after the round robin at state still retain the disadvantages of single-elimination playoffs to a lesser extent. | ||
| + | |||
| + | NAQT's status as the question provider for the MSHSAA series has led more hosts to use NAQT questions and the tossup-bonus format for their Saturday tournaments, but the use of NAQT questions in the MSHSAA championship series and NAQT's Missouri conference set reduces the number of [[IS set]]s available for use by regular season tournaments in Missouri. Three [[IS-A set]]s and one IS set were previously used to produce the four-quarter sets for conferences and the MSHSAA state series, with numerous regular season tournaments quickly exhausting the remaining sets in many areas of the state. With the change to a tossup-bonus format in 2019, one fewer IS-A set is needed to produce the Missouri-specific sets, becoming available for late season tournaments to use. | ||
| + | |||
| + | MSHSAA, intent on keeping districts in 2021 in-person, was forced to cut ties with NAQT due to their policy on questions for that season. Instead, [[Academic Hallmarks]] offered to create questions for the tournament, which were proposed as pyramidal and more akin to regular quizbowl questions. The attempt to emulate NAQT questions in Auk style led to an amalgamation of [[Knowledge Bowl]] and quizbowl, with reused content and long, unrelated lead-ins being common. The questions were largely panned both during and after districts, and MSHSAA switched back to NAQT for the subsequent season. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====The Charlie Dees Rule==== | ||
| + | In May 2008 the Academic Competition Advisory Committee approved a resolution that the 2009 Area Meetings discuss adopting [http://www.moquizbowl.com/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=1651 By-Law 292.0], informally known as the "[[Charlie Dees]] Rule", which states: | ||
<blockquote>New By-Law 292.0 NON-SCHOOL COMPETITION<BR><BR> | <blockquote>New By-Law 292.0 NON-SCHOOL COMPETITION<BR><BR> | ||
| Line 106: | Line 182: | ||
This rule, as with all rules unreasonably banning quizbowl-playing students from ''participating in quizbowl'', was met with severe backlash on the [http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=5908&p=90043#p90043 hsquizbowl forums]. | This rule, as with all rules unreasonably banning quizbowl-playing students from ''participating in quizbowl'', was met with severe backlash on the [http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=5908&p=90043#p90043 hsquizbowl forums]. | ||
| − | Fortunately, at the 2008-2009 MSHSAA Area Meetings, the proposal was overwhelmingly defeated by the assembled superintendents, principals, athletic directors, and other administrative personnel from 510 MSHSAA member schools who attended. Seven of the eight sites were 100% opposed, while no percentage of opposition was listed for the eighth | + | Fortunately, at the 2008-2009 MSHSAA Area Meetings, the proposal was overwhelmingly defeated by the assembled superintendents, principals, athletic directors, and other administrative personnel from 510 MSHSAA member schools who attended. Seven of the eight sites were 100% opposed, while no percentage of opposition was listed for the eighth and the meaning of that site's comment ("Athletics is safety") wasn't clear. Reasons cited were the ambiguity of the rule and its possible encroachment on Trivia Night-like activities and the fact that such a restriction limits students' opportunities to learn. [http://s4.zetaboards.com/Academic_Competition/topic/7573017/1/] |
| − | === | + | ====Single gender school multiplier==== |
| − | + | Classes are based on enrollment to group similarly sized schools together, with the population of single-gender schools doubled. This doubling is intended to equalize populations in single-gender sports, but through 2020 was also applied to co-educational activities like Scholar Bowl. As a result, some single-gender schools were bumped to a higher class than co-educational private schools of the same size. This unfair practice was resolved in the 2020-2021 school year as part of replacing the 1.35 private school multiplier with a "championship factor" across all activities to classify private schools based on recent championship series placements, with an "editor's note" on MSHSAA by-law 5.1.5 clarifying that the single-gender multiplier is not applied to co-educational activities like Scholar Bowl. | |
| − | == | + | ====250-mile rule==== |
| + | Matching the rules for MSHSAA's sport activities, teams were previously not allowed to attend any tournament further than 250 air miles from the borders of Missouri. The rule was barely relaxed after the Academic Competition Advisory Committee recommended an amendment in 2008 allowing teams to travel to one tournament outside of the 250-mile radius. [http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=90043#p90043] This rule change took effect in the 2009-2010 season after schools voted 292-94 to approve the change. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090518025626/http://www.mshsaa.org:80/Activities/Eligibility/AnnualBallot.aspx] MSHSAA member schools voted in the spring of 2024 to remove the 250 mile rule from all sports and activities beginning in the 2024-25 school year. For Scholar Bowl, the vote to remove this rule was 218-72. | ||
| − | + | The applicable MSHSAA by-law in the 2023-2024 season was: | |
| − | + | <blockquote>4.4.4.d. A school may participate in any approved interscholastic scholar bowl event within the state during the interscholastic season. During the season, a school may travel to the site of one out of state tournament or invitational meet per year beyond 250 air-miles from the perimeter (border) of the state of Missouri, with the date and location to be determined by the local school administration. All remaining tournaments and invitationals must fall within 250 air-miles from the state border.</blockquote> | |
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==Links== | ==Links== | ||
*[http://www.mshsaa.org Missouri State High School Activities Association] | *[http://www.mshsaa.org Missouri State High School Activities Association] | ||
| − | *[ | + | *[https://www.mshsaa.org/resources/pdf/1819ScholarBowlManual.pdf 2018-2019 Scholar Bowl Manual (PDF)] |
| − | *[ | + | *[https://www.mshsaa.org/resources/pdf/1819Rules.pdf 2018-2019 Scholar Bowl Rules Book (PDF)] |
| − | + | ||
| + | [[Category:High school formats]] [[Category:High school quizbowl in Missouri]] [[Category: Bad quizbowl]][[Category:Missouri (State)]] | ||
[[Category:Original QBWiki Page]] | [[Category:Original QBWiki Page]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:23, 12 May 2024
MSHSAA (Missouri State High School Activities Association) is the organization responsible for running Missouri's district and state quizbowl championships, taking over the role from the Missouri Academic Association in the 1995-96 season. The activity is officially called "Scholar Bowl"; before the 2010-2011 season, it was known as "Academic Competition."
State Championship
- Main article: MSHSAA State Championship
The MSHSAA State Championship is held in early May. Teams are divided into six classes, each with eight districts. District tournaments are hosted in early April, with the winners of adjacent districts meeting in an after school quarterfinal meet in a best two-of-three format to determine the four teams that go to the state finals.
Rounds are scheduled to run an hour each. District tournaments consist of three preliminary rounds followed by four team single elimination playoffs. If a district has only two or three teams, an alternate schedule specified by MSHSAA is used instead. The state tournament was run the same way when it had eight teams, but now consists of a four-team round robin to seed the championship game and third place game.
Starting in 2022, games during the MSHSAA series consist of 22 tossups with three-part rebounding bonuses using questions from NAQT. All tossups and bonus parts are worth 10 points each, with no powers or negs. Previously, games were run in a four-quarter format, from the tournament's inception in 1996 until 2018. MSHSAA approved a three-year trial of a 26-tossup, three-part bonus format for the 2019-2021 seasons, using 22 tossup-bonus NAQT packets with additional math questions. This format was ultimately only used in 2019, as the 2020 tournament was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2021 tournament reduced each game to 20 cycles due to a limited number of available questions.
MSHSAA and Quizbowl
While more Missouri schools have formed quizbowl teams since MSHSAA became involved, some people feel that MSHSAA is out of touch with the desires of quizbowl players. Notably, MSHSAA's liaison to scholar bowl, Stacy Schroeder, had no previous experience with quizbowl. Many players have complained that MSHSAA's insistence on applying the same regulations to quizbowl as they do to sports hold back the state's best teams. Examples of these rules include limiting teams to 14 competitions per season and restricting how teams can attend national competitions.
Benefits of MSHSAA's involvement with Quizbowl
A major benefit of MSHSAA's involvement in quizbowl has been to put it on the same footing as other more traditional activities, such as athletics. Quizbowl's status as "a MSHSAA activity" helps grant it status lacking to other academic activities such as Science Olympiad, Chemistry Bowl, and Destination Imagination. As a result, a significant percentage of Missouri high schools participate in quizbowl to some extent, with a large amount of teams joining primarily for MSHSAA, and it is common for several tournaments to be hosted throughout the state on the same day.
Criticism of MSHSAA's involvement with Quizbowl
Game schedule
A game with MSHSAA's old four-quarter format took approximately 45 minutes to an hour to complete, which essentially prevented tournaments from using the round robin scheduling and consolation rounds that are common with the 20/20 tossup-bonus format. This has been improved with the change to 26/26 tossup-bonus rounds in 2019 and further reduction to 22/22 tossup-bonus in 2022. Matches during the MSHSAA state series are still scheduled at one hour intervals, leading to long waits at tournaments with experienced moderators who consistently complete games in half an hour or less.
The standard schedule for MSHSAA districts is to have three preliminary rounds scheduled by random draw, followed by a four team single elimination bracket seeded by preliminary record then average points per game. While MSHSAA's official format for a two team district tournament is a fair best two of three format, the three team format is to play a round robin (the three preliminary rounds) followed by one final match between the top 2 teams, and the full five round format is required for district tournaments of four or more teams, even for a 4-6 team tournament for which a full round robin would be simpler, fairer, and take the same number of rounds or fewer.
State schedule
Through 2019, each state tournament featured eight teams playing three preliminary rounds using a predetermined schedule based on district/sectional number, followed by a four team single elimination bracket.
In 2021, MSHSAA was unable to procure enough packets from Academic Hallmarks to run their usual schedule. As a result, sectionals were shortened to a single game, and the state tournament did not have prelim rounds, instead seeding teams into a single elimination bracket based on which sectional they were from. This led to some semifinal games between teams that were widely agreed to be the best two in their class.
After the 2021 MSHSAA Realignment, only four teams in each class advance to the state finals in Columbia. As of 2022, the state format is now to play a full round robin, with the top two teams by record then average points advancing to the championship game and the other two teams advancing to the third place game. This format guarantees that there will be a championship game, with the consequence of putting disproportionate weight on that final round, including these potential scenarios:
- If the preliminary rounds break cleanly and the 2-1 team wins the championship game over the 3-0 team, the team that won the championship game wins the tournament even though the other team has the same record on a common schedule, including a win over the state champion in the preliminary rounds. This effectively makes the preliminary game played between the two teams statistically meaningless since both teams still would have advanced to the championship game if the result were flipped. This also means that if the two games between the teams were flipped such that the preliminary result happened in the championship game and the championship result happened in the preliminary game, a different champion would be determined by the same set of games without any possible effect on the match schedule. The #2 seed has won the championship game in this situation five times through 2024, with Class 1 in 2022 being the only instance where the state champion scored fewer points over the four rounds than the second place team.
- In a specific case of the previous scenario, if the last preliminary round features two undefeated teams and two winless teams, the results of that round are statistically meaningless even before the game is played, as the undefeated teams are guaranteed to rematch in the championship game and the winless teams will rematch in the third place game. This has occurred in at least one class each year and four times total through 2024. Class 6 in 2024 is the only case when the losing team in the round 3 preliminary game won the championship game, though in this case the state champion had a higher point average over the four games.
- If the preliminary rounds have a 3-0 team and three 1-2 teams, the 3-0 team would clear the field if the tournament were to use the ACF finals format, but in the MSHSAA format, the top ranking 1-2 team could win the tournament if they defeat the 3-0 team in the championship game. That makes it possible for a 2-2 team to win a state championship over a 3-1 team that played a common schedule. Through 2024, the prelims ended with a three way tie at 1-2 only in Class 4 in 2023 and the #1 seed convincingly won the championship game.
Additionally, if three teams go 2-1 in the preliminary rounds, statistical tiebreakers are used to eliminate the team with the fewest points from championship contention. This has happened in at least one class each year and four times total through 2024.
Influence on regular season tournaments
As a result of the game length and the standard schedule for MSHSAA districts and state, nearly every tournament run in the MSHSAA four-quarter format or a similar format consists of approximately 3 preliminary rounds (either power-matched or randomly pre-determined) followed by a single elimination bracket of 4 to 16 teams. While tossup-bonus tournaments have now become the norm with the lack of well-written questions in MSHSAA four-quarter format, including MSHSAA's own change to tossup-bonus in 2019, some hosts still use scheduling principles influenced by standard MSHSAA scheduling.
Stacked districts
One problem with the MSHSAA championship series is the existence of districts or sectionals with multiple top teams due to their geographical proximity. Because only the winner of each sectional advances to the state finals, on multiple occasions this has resulted in the second best team in a class not advancing to state because the best team was in their district or sectional.
Examples
- In the 2008-2009 season, Savannah moved up to Class 4 and was placed in District 16. Liberty and North Kansas City were placed in District 15, placing three of the top teams in the state that year in a pair of districts feeding into the same sectional, meaning it was only possible for one of the three to advance to the state tournament.
- In the 2010-2011 season, Ladue, Clayton, and Villa Duchesne were ranked first, second, and fifth, respectively, in the moquizbowl.com midseason poll yet were all in Class 4 District 4. Rock Bridge and Jefferson City were ranked third and fourth in that poll and were both in the same district. This meant that only two of the top five ranked teams in the poll could advance to sectionals.
Sectionals/Quarterfinals
Until 2008, each class had been divided into 8 geographically-determined districts, with the winner of each district advancing to the state championship. For the 2009 championship series, districts were divided in two, with the winners of two adjacent districts meeting the following Thursday at a sectional meet, hosted by the odd-numbered (or even-numbered, in even years) district winner, playing a best 2-of-3 matchup to determine which team advances to state.
The proposal was received negatively on the Missouri Academic Competition Message Board. While adding an additional level of competition with a best 2-of-3 format may marginally improve the fairness of competition, it adds additional transportation costs, room reservations, personnel overhead, and participant time that make the extra competition unreasonable. In one extreme case, if Kirksville had won its district at Marshall High School 120 miles away in 2009, the team would have had to travel another 200 miles each way to St. Charles County to play the District 7 champion the following Thursday. The longest travel distance to sectionals that actually occurred was Bradleyville's 230 mile drive each way to Bell City.
At least one coach stated that this change was made because many schools (especially smaller ones) had trouble staffing district tournaments with the larger district size. This was not indicated during the discussion on the Missouri message board, and it did not change the fact that adding sectionals did not improve the fairness of the MSHSAA championship series. In practice, it resulted in several districts with only two or three participating teams, and in the case of Class 2 District 9, perennial state champion Richland won by default as the other five teams decided not to participate. [1]
In 2021, sectionals were kept, despite each class being reduced back to 8 districts. The ensuing districting resulted in multiple instances of teams being scheduled for 3+ hour drives, and droves of hypothetical long drives to sectionals. These new districts resulted in the aforementioned records being shattered by Hume's scheduled 360-mile, 6-hour school day drive to Leopold to play one 20 tossup-bonus match. The change also resulted in the size of some districts doubling, rendering the point about smaller tournament fields moot.
Restrictions on participation
MSHSAA's definition of the Scholar Bowl season, as stated in the 2023-2024 MSHSAA Handbook, by-law 4.4.3, is:
4.4.3 Season Limits for Scholar Bowl: No senior high school or junior high school shall participate in an interscholastic scholar bowl event before the Friday of Standardized Calendar Week Number 14 or later than the date of the MSHSAA District Competition, exclusive of the MSHSAA state competition, other than the following allowances:
a. A school may participate in one interstate, interscholastic scholar bowl event which may begin no earlier than the Friday of Memorial Day weekend, only if the school has advanced from a qualifying event that takes place during the aforementioned season.
b. A school may participate in one interscholastic event following districts and prior to the Friday of Memorial Day weekend. Such an event shall count as one of the school’s allowable regular season events as per By-Law 4.4.2 (Limits on Participation) and must meet the travel regulations per By-Law 4.4.4.d.
The "Friday of Standardized Calendar Week Number 14" is the Friday that occurs between October 5-11.
Event limits
MSHSAA previously limited high school students to no more than fourteen events in a season, not counting the MSHSAA championship series, while middle school students were limited to eleven. By-law 4.4.2 for the 2017-2018 season was:
4.4.2 Individual Limits on Participation in Scholar Bowl:
a. Students enrolled in grades 9 through 12 shall participate in no more than fourteen interscholastic scholar bowl competitions during the school year, exclusive of MSHSAA district and state competition.
b. Students in the 7th and/or 8th grade shall participate in no more than eleven interscholastic scholar bowl competitions during the school year.
c. 9th grade students if participating at the junior high level are eligible to participate on a higher level team (high school) and have a total of fourteen competitions in which they may participate.
While the wording of this by-law imposed limits on "students", which literally interpreted would mean a school team should be able to attend more than fourteen events as long as no student participated in more than fourteen, MSHSAA has interpreted this to restrict school teams from attending more than fourteen events.
This event limit most severely impacted schools in conferences that are required to play duals against all of the other members of the conference, because a dual match counted as a single event. For example, in the 2017-2018 season, each school in the Clarence Cannon Conference played dual matches against the other eight schools in the conference, followed by a Saturday conference tournament, using nine of their fourteen allowable events.
The Scholar Bowl Advisory Committee has repeatedly recommended increasing the tournament limit only to be denied by the MSHSAA Board of Directors. A change was finally adopted for the 2018-2019 season that does not increase the number of tournaments schools can attend, but does provide some relief for schools with dual-heavy schedules by making a distinction between duals and tournaments. The new by-law gives schools options that are analogous to the scheduling options provided in some sports. As of that season, by-law 4.4.2 reads:
4.4.2 Limits on Participation in Scholar Bowl: The options for contests permitted for each school team and each individual participant are shown below.
a. High School Contest Limitations: Scheduling options / contests allowed. The options below are exclusive of any MSHSAA sponsored tournament series.
1. 20 duals and 2 Tournaments
2. 10 duals and 8 Tournaments
3. 0 duals and 14 Tournaments
b. Junior High School Contest Limitations: 12 duals and 1 Tournament OR 7 duals and 5 Tournaments.
c. 9th grade students if participating at the junior high level are eligible to participate on a high school team but may not exceed, individually, the scheduling option played by the high school team on which he/she plays.
With this change, the eight high schools in the Clarence Cannon Conference each may now attend seven tournaments in addition to their conference commitments. This is only a one tournament increase from the six tournaments they would have been able to attend under the previous version of the by-law, as Louisiana left the conference at the same time the change took effect. On the other hand, this change imposes a reduction in the number of allowed tournaments for schools that participate in 1-5 or 11 duals, as the 2018-2019 Scholar Bowl manual defines a tournament as an event with three or more teams. The wording change also imposes the limits on both individual students and school teams, matching MSHSAA's interpretation of the previous by-law.
This change also severely reduced the number of tournaments middle school teams may attend from eleven to five, which was completely unexpected and not at all recommended by the Advisory Committee. This was rectified in the 2020-21 season with member schools approving the addition of an option for "0 duals and 11 tournaments".
Restrictions on competitions outside of the regular season
Through the 2008-2009 season, following the date of the District tournament, teams were prohibited from participating in any interscholastic competition except for the MSHSAA state series and national tournaments.
Shortly after the June 2009 Advisory Committee meeting, the Missouri Quizbowl Alliance learned that schools qualifying for a national tournament would be allowed to participate in one tournament between Districts and Nationals. As a result, MOQBA announced a pre-nationals tournament in which Missouri teams' participation would be subject to such a restriction. The wording of rule 4b, which implies that any team may participate in such a tournament, was not widely noticed until early May 2010. [2]. This by-law amendment was adopted for the 2009-2010 season after member schools voted 297-89 to approve the following proposal: [3]
PROPOSAL NO. 30 - By-Law 640, Season Limits
Amends By-Law 640.0 (Season Limits) to allow all Missouri students equal access to allowable interscholastic events in Academic Competition held on Memorial Day Weekend (or later in the summer) if they have met the requirements of the applicable by-laws and to permit schools to participate in one interscholastic academic competition event in addition to the MSHSAA state tournament between the District Tournament and the beginning of summer.
Even with this minor relaxation, Missouri teams are still almost entirely prohibited from playing in regular tournaments for half of the year.
The by-law permitting schools to attend one of their allowable events after Districts and before Memorial Day weekend has made it possible for schools to attend SSNCT, which is usually in late April. However, NAQT hosted the 2019 SSNCT on the first weekend of May, creating a conflict with the MSHSAA State Championship. Because the Class 3 and 4 championships are on Saturday, MSHSAA refused to sanction the 2019 SSNCT unless teams in those classes were prohibited from participating. Several registered teams were informed that they were being forced to drop only a couple of weeks before the tournament, including Hallsville (who had earned Missouri's best placement at all five previous SSNCTs) and several teams that had not even qualified for the state tournament. As a result, only three Missouri teams - all in Classes 1 and 2, which had their state championships on Friday - could attend the 2019 SSNCT, a sharp drop from the nineteen Missouri teams that attended in 2018.
Restrictions on competitions on or after Memorial Day weekend
MSHSAA regulations regarding summertime competition were previously ambiguous, leaving many teams unsure of whether or not they could attend national tournaments. In 2007, member schools voted between three options to make the definition more precise. These options were:
- The academic competition season should end with the state tournament and participation beyond this date should not be interscholastic (participants could not represent their school). (91 votes)
- Interscholastic academic competition should be allowed to continue into and throughout the summer. (55 votes)
- A school academic competition team should be allowed to participate in a summertime national interscholastic competition only if the school has advanced from a qualifying event that takes place during the academic year. (130 votes)
The winning option, which allows attendance at national tournaments but only by qualifying, was later approved in another vote by MSHSAA member schools and adopted as of the 2007-2008 competition season. This rule exists as by-law 4.4.3.a (quoted above) as of the 2023-2024 season.
The restriction that schools must qualify for summertime tournaments during the regular season means that Missouri schools cannot attend those tournaments as a wildcard or on a standby basis unless their school has qualified at least one team for that tournament. Since MSHSAA's qualification rule applies to "schools" and not "teams", MSHSAA member schools are allowed to bring additional teams on a wildcard or standby basis once they have qualified at least one team. Qualifying events have become more common as more higher-quality tournaments are run on reputable sets and affiliated with PACE. Also, because MSHSAA districts and a large number of conference tournaments now use NAQT questions, a significant number of Missouri teams qualify for at least one national tournament every year. As a result, the prohibition on wildcard qualification is effectively a minor annoyance, but another example of how MSHSAA imposes restrictions that do not exist for schools from most other states.
It was previously thought that schools had to be out of school before attending a national tournament due to the use of the word "summertime" in the applicable by-laws. After concerns were raised about the speech and academic competition regulations that basing the term "summertime" on a school's calendar would give students from schools that dismiss for the year earlier more opportunities to compete in activities than those who attend schools that dismiss later, the same vote that added the allowance for a tournament between Districts and Memorial Day weekend also clarified that qualifying teams are permitted to attend national tournaments that occur on or after the Friday of Memorial Day weekend.
After this amendment took effect in the 2009-2010 season, the applicable by-law read:
A school may participate in an interstate, interscholastic scholar bowl event which may begin no earlier than the Friday of Memorial Day weekend, only if the school has advanced from a qualifying event that takes place during the aforementioned season.
Since both HSNCT and NSC are held on or after Memorial Day weekend, Missouri teams have not had issues attending one of these national tournaments since the new rule and summertime clarifications were adopted, with a few schools sometimes attending both. However, in 2016, one school was notified by MSHSAA that they could attend only one of these national tournaments, under the interpretation that the rule only allows attendance at one summertime tournament. This restrictive interpretation of the ambiguous article "an" was a surprise to supporters of good quizbowl when considering the explicit limit of "one" tournament between districts and Memorial Day weekend, the allowance of summertime "events" by the analogous by-law for speech and debate activities, the annual ballot proposals that created these allowances for academic competition and for speech both said "allow all Missouri students equal access to allowable interscholastic events", and the fact that other schools have previously attended both in the same season without incident. The text of by-law 4.4.3.a was changed in the 2021-22 MSHSAA Handbook to specifically limit schools to "one" scholar bowl event on or after Memorial Day weekend, apparently without appearing on an annual ballot.
Enforcement of MSHSAA rules at regular season tournaments
Beginning in the 2012-2013 season, MSHSAA has required all regular season tournaments to follow certain rules in the MSHSAA Scholar Bowl rule book. Rules now required for all in-state tournaments include:
- MSHSAA tossup timing: 5 seconds to buzz in at the end of a question, 3 seconds to begin a significant answer after being recognized, with an additional 7 seconds to complete the answer (for a total of 10 seconds). [C.1.b]
- Bonus answers must come from the captain, unless the captain explicitly defers to another teammate by name. [C.2.a]
With this policy in place, regular season tournaments were originally required by rule C.1.c to recognize players who buzzed in by name before they could answer and to rule a player's answer incorrect if they did not wait to be recognized. This unpopular rule was finally de facto removed in 2018-2019, with the removal of the penalty for answering before being recognized.
Four player requirement
Official MSHSAA rules require that a team have four players at all times, forcing teams unable to meet this requirement during the MSHSAA state series to forfeit. At least a third of Class 1 was forced to drop from districts in the 2021 season, likely due to a lack of available team members further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Raymore-Peculiar, the eventual Class 6 state champion in 2021, was nearly forced to drop from districts before finding a fourth member at the last second.
As of the 2019 season, an exception was added to allow a team to continue a game with fewer than four players if a player must leave due to an emergency, but this does not allow teams to start a game with fewer than four players under any circumstances.
Treated like a sport
Most responses MSHSAA gives to criticism of its handling of quizbowl are likely based on the premise that since the same rules apply to sports, they should apply to Scholar Bowl as well. Notably, in the discussion of the Sectionals proposal, Jeremy Gibbs, former president of MACA and the Missouri forum's primary source of MSHSAA information at the time, repeatedly implied that the justification for a sectionals system as opposed to one with the top two teams in a district advancing to the next stage of competition is that the latter "is not how any other sport works." However, the system used for Cross Country, in which multiple teams from Districts advance to sectionals, is similar to improved systems proposed on the Missouri board [4].
The long standing NFHS policy against sanctioning national championships is believed to influence MSHSAA's reluctance to loosen or eliminate restrictions on summertime competition, despite the fact that the NFHS position statement specifically indicates disapproval of national championships for "athletic events" and nearly all other NFHS member organizations that sponsor quizbowl do not impose similar restrictions.
Historical issues
MSHSAA has also been criticized for issues in the past that thankfully have no impact on current participation in quizbowl.
Question provider selection
Historically, MSHSAA's events have often used extremely short, non-pyramidal questions from bad quizbowl companies.
Questions were provided by Bryce Avery from 2005-2007. Previous providers include Champions and Straight A.
The 2008 questions, written by Shawn Pickrell, were more pyramidal and largely heralded as an improvement over Avery's questions. In April 2008, Pickrell, citing overextension, announced he would no longer provide questions in Missouri.
MSHSAA's decision to allow the national tournament question to come to a vote and to procure higher-quality questions for its tournaments were widely praised by the Missouri community. Unfortunately, these improvements did not continue. In yet another characteristic move to stifle the growth of good quizbowl, MSHSAA has awarded Questions Galore the bid to write the 2008-2009 state championship series. This led to many independent tournaments being run on sets by Questions Galore, which was a company plagued by awful writing, a severe lack of literature, use of math computation that is simply impossible to answer in the given time limits, a general disregard for any reasonable distribution, and overall ignorance of standard writing procedures in quizbowl.
NAQT has been the question provider since the 2011 districts and state series [5]. While the use of NAQT questions drastically improved the overall question quality of the MSHSAA series and many conference tournaments, the first and third quarters initially consisted of speedcheck tossups due to the length of a game in the MSHSAA four-quarter format, district tournament formats still involve randomly drawn matchups and single-elimination playoffs, and the guaranteed final and third place game after the round robin at state still retain the disadvantages of single-elimination playoffs to a lesser extent.
NAQT's status as the question provider for the MSHSAA series has led more hosts to use NAQT questions and the tossup-bonus format for their Saturday tournaments, but the use of NAQT questions in the MSHSAA championship series and NAQT's Missouri conference set reduces the number of IS sets available for use by regular season tournaments in Missouri. Three IS-A sets and one IS set were previously used to produce the four-quarter sets for conferences and the MSHSAA state series, with numerous regular season tournaments quickly exhausting the remaining sets in many areas of the state. With the change to a tossup-bonus format in 2019, one fewer IS-A set is needed to produce the Missouri-specific sets, becoming available for late season tournaments to use.
MSHSAA, intent on keeping districts in 2021 in-person, was forced to cut ties with NAQT due to their policy on questions for that season. Instead, Academic Hallmarks offered to create questions for the tournament, which were proposed as pyramidal and more akin to regular quizbowl questions. The attempt to emulate NAQT questions in Auk style led to an amalgamation of Knowledge Bowl and quizbowl, with reused content and long, unrelated lead-ins being common. The questions were largely panned both during and after districts, and MSHSAA switched back to NAQT for the subsequent season.
The Charlie Dees Rule
In May 2008 the Academic Competition Advisory Committee approved a resolution that the 2009 Area Meetings discuss adopting By-Law 292.0, informally known as the "Charlie Dees Rule", which states:
New By-Law 292.0 NON-SCHOOL COMPETITION
During the season a student represents his or her school by competing in an interscholastic contest:
a. He or she shall neither practice nor compete as a member of a non-school team or as an individual participant in organized non-school competition that meets the MSHSAA academic competition definition. A competition shall be considered "organized" if any of the following conditions exist: competition is scheduled and publicized in advance, official score is kept, individual or team standings are maintained, official timer or game officials are used, admission is charged, teams are regularly formed or team rosters are predetermined, squad members are dressed in team uniforms or a team is privately or commercially sponsored. Further, competition which is either directly or indirectly sponsored, promoted or administered by an individual, organization, or any other agency shall be considered organized.
b. A student shall not have competed at any time as a member of a junior college or a senior college team if he or she desires to compete in academic competition in high school.
c. A student who joins a school team for the first time must have abided by these restrictions beginning with the first day of the current season."
Specifically, this rule is intended to prevent students from competing "with and against collegiate students", and it is thought that the motivation behind this rule is that several coaches viewed Charlie Dees' desire to get better at quizbowl, especially through playing with and against better players, was somehow inherently unfair.
This rule, as with all rules unreasonably banning quizbowl-playing students from participating in quizbowl, was met with severe backlash on the hsquizbowl forums.
Fortunately, at the 2008-2009 MSHSAA Area Meetings, the proposal was overwhelmingly defeated by the assembled superintendents, principals, athletic directors, and other administrative personnel from 510 MSHSAA member schools who attended. Seven of the eight sites were 100% opposed, while no percentage of opposition was listed for the eighth and the meaning of that site's comment ("Athletics is safety") wasn't clear. Reasons cited were the ambiguity of the rule and its possible encroachment on Trivia Night-like activities and the fact that such a restriction limits students' opportunities to learn. [6]
Single gender school multiplier
Classes are based on enrollment to group similarly sized schools together, with the population of single-gender schools doubled. This doubling is intended to equalize populations in single-gender sports, but through 2020 was also applied to co-educational activities like Scholar Bowl. As a result, some single-gender schools were bumped to a higher class than co-educational private schools of the same size. This unfair practice was resolved in the 2020-2021 school year as part of replacing the 1.35 private school multiplier with a "championship factor" across all activities to classify private schools based on recent championship series placements, with an "editor's note" on MSHSAA by-law 5.1.5 clarifying that the single-gender multiplier is not applied to co-educational activities like Scholar Bowl.
250-mile rule
Matching the rules for MSHSAA's sport activities, teams were previously not allowed to attend any tournament further than 250 air miles from the borders of Missouri. The rule was barely relaxed after the Academic Competition Advisory Committee recommended an amendment in 2008 allowing teams to travel to one tournament outside of the 250-mile radius. [7] This rule change took effect in the 2009-2010 season after schools voted 292-94 to approve the change. [8] MSHSAA member schools voted in the spring of 2024 to remove the 250 mile rule from all sports and activities beginning in the 2024-25 school year. For Scholar Bowl, the vote to remove this rule was 218-72.
The applicable MSHSAA by-law in the 2023-2024 season was:
4.4.4.d. A school may participate in any approved interscholastic scholar bowl event within the state during the interscholastic season. During the season, a school may travel to the site of one out of state tournament or invitational meet per year beyond 250 air-miles from the perimeter (border) of the state of Missouri, with the date and location to be determined by the local school administration. All remaining tournaments and invitationals must fall within 250 air-miles from the state border.